Effects of water stress on photosynthesis，growth and yield in winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Zhao ◽  
Jianjun Wu ◽  
Leizhen Liu ◽  
Jianhua Yang ◽  
Xinyi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Field

<p>Drought has become one of the major constraints on agricultural development, particularly in areas lacking water. By studying the effects of different water stresses on photosynthesis, growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and other indicators of winter wheat, this study provides scientific irrigation strategies for developing water-saving agriculture. According to the size of the water field capacity, four different water stress levels were set, i.e., 30–40% water field capacity (severe stress), 40–50% (moderate stress), 50–60% (mild stress) and 60–80% (well-watered irrigation), through an automatic irrigation system to create different water stress gradients by controlling the irrigation amount. The results showed that the diurnal and seasonal changes in photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration (E) significantly decreased with water stress intensification. The Pn of mild stress only slightly decreased compared to that of well-watered irrigation and was even higher than after May 16th, resulting in an increase in the dry biomass and 1000-grain weight under mild stress. Under all water stresses, the heights and stem weights of the winter wheat significantly decreased. Moderate and severe stress also significantly reduced the fresh weight of the aboveground biomass, dry weight, spike weight, grain weight, WUE and irrigation water productivity (IWP), while mild stress only slightly decreased the fresh weight of aboveground biomass, spike weight and grain weight. Mild stress increased the WUE and IWP. Thus, mild stress results in the optimal use of water resources without a significant reduction in yield. Therefore, mild stress can be considered as a suitable environment for winter wheat growth in arid areas.</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH TINGKAT NAUNGAN DAN CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TEMULAWAK (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yunus ◽  
Muji Rahayu ◽  
Samanhudi Samanhudi ◽  
Bambang Pujiasmanto ◽  
Iwan Dewangga
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stress Increase ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

<div class="WordSection1"><p><em>Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) is one of superior kind of plant which has many benefits as medicinal plants. Cultivation of temulawak not yet intensively and grown on the land under the trees. Therefore, this research was important to get shade and water stress levels appropriate for cultivation of temulawak and higher producing secondary metabolities. This research used a nested design with two treatment, that is shade (without shade, 25%, 50%, 75%) and water stress (without water stress, 75%, 50%, 25% field capacity) with five replicants. Result were analyzed using analysis of variance and if there significant diference followed by DMRT 5% level. The result showed without shade treatment increase growth of temulawak include number of leaves, fresh weight of plant and dry weight of plants, and shade 50% increase plants height. The treatment of without water stress increase growth and yield of temulawak include number of tillers, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of plants, fresh weight and dry weight of rhizomes. The levels of curcumin increase on shade 25% and water stress 25%.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Zhao ◽  
Leizhen Liu ◽  
Qiu Shen ◽  
Jianhua Yang ◽  
Xinyi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Use Efficiency

Drought has become one of the major constraints to agricultural development, particularly in areas that lack water. Studying the effects of different water stresses on the photosynthesis, growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of winter wheat will provide data for the development of scientific irrigation strategies for water-saving agricultural methods. According to the size of the field water capacity, four different water stress levels were set, i.e., 30–40% (severe stress), 40–50% (moderate stress), 50–60% (mild stress) and 60–80% (well-watered) of field water capacity, controlling the amount of irrigation through an automatic irrigation system. The results showed that the seasonal changes in photosynthetic parameters, such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration (E), significantly decreased under moderate and severe stress. As a result, the height, biomass and grain size of winter wheat decreased significantly, which led to low WUE and IWP. The Pn of the mild stress group only slightly decreased compared to that of the well-watered group, and was actually higher during the flowering and grain-filling stages, resulting in increases in dry biomass and 1000 grain weight of 2.07% and 1.95%, respectively. Higher WUE and IWP were attributed to higher yields and less water use. Thus, mild stress (60–80% field water capacity) resulted in the optimal use of water resources without a significant reduction in yield in the North China Plain (NCP). Therefore, mild stress can be considered a suitable environment for winter wheat growth in arid areas.

scholarly journals Assimilation of Sentinel-2 Estimated LAI into a Crop Model: Influence of Timing and Frequency of Acquisitions on Simulation of Water Stress and Biomass Production of Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Andreas Tewes ◽  
Carsten Montzka ◽  
Manuel Nolte ◽  
Gunther Krauss ◽  
Holger Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sentinel 2

The Sentinel-2 (S2) Toolbox permits for the automated retrieval of leaf area index (LAI). LAI assimilation into crop simulation models could aid to improve the prediction accuracy for biomass at field level. We investigated if the combined effects of assimilation date and corresponding growth stage plus observational frequency have an impact on the crop model-based simulation of water stress and biomass production. We simulated winter wheat growth in nine fields in Germany over two years. S2 LAI estimations for each field were categorized into three phases, depending on the development stage of the crop at acquisition date (tillering, stem elongation, booting to flowering). LAI was assimilated in every possible combinational setup using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). We evaluated the performance of the simulations based on the comparison of measured and simulated aboveground biomass at harvest. The results showed that the effects on water stress remained largely limited, because it mostly occurred after we stopped LAI assimilation. With regard to aboveground biomass, we found that the assimilation of only one LAI estimate from either the tillering or the booting to flowering stage resulted in simulated biomass values similar or closer to measured values than in those where more than one LAI estimate from the stem elongation phase were assimilated. LAI assimilation after the tillering phase might therefore be not necessarily required, as it may not lead to the desired improvement effect.

Growth Response of Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) to Water Stress

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Rottboellia Cochinchinensis ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the growth response of itchgrass to water stress. Itchgrass plants produced the greatest aboveground biomass and seeds at 75% of field capacity and these parameters at 50 and 100% of field capacity were similar. With further increase in water stress, seed production was sharply reduced, but itchgrass was still able to produce an average of 63 and 9 seeds plant−1at 25 and 12.5% of field capacity, respectively. Itchgrass plants responded to increasing water stress with increased leaf weight ratio; it was 2.5 times greater at 12.5% of field capacity than at 100% of field capacity. In another study, compared with daily irrigation, intervals of 9 d between irrigations reduced aboveground biomass of itchgrass by 27% and 12-d intervals reduced aboveground biomass by 67%. Compared with the daily irrigation regime, itchgrass seed production was reduced by 61% at intervals of 12 d between irrigations; however, the weed plants produced a considerable number of seeds (153 seeds plant−1) at the 12-d intervals. The ability of itchgrass to produce biomass and seeds under water stressed conditions necessitates strategies that minimize weed survival while maximizing irrigation efficiency for the crop at the same time.

scholarly journals 683 PB 236 WATER STRESS REDUCES ASPARAGUS GROWTH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 531d-531
Author(s):  
Dan Drost
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

In 1992, a long term study was initiated to determine water use of asparagus and to assess water stress effects on asparagus growth. Asparagus (Syn 4-56) crowns were planted and maintained at soil moisture levels near field capacity during the first year. In 1993, irrigation treatments based on 60, 40, and 0 percent of evapotranspiration (ET) were applied to asparagus during the fern growing period (mid-June to October). Soil moisture, shoot and root growth, and fern water potentials were measured throughout the year. Prior to the irrigation treatments, asparagus had 39 buds per plant with a shoot and root fresh weight of 573 and 270 grams, respectively. Soil moisture in the root zone (0 to 60 cm) approached the permanent wilting point in the 40%. and 0% of ET treatments by mid-August. A decrease in irrigation rate from 80 to 0% of ET had no effect on fern fresh weight at the end of the growing season. However, as irrigation rate decreased from 80 to 0% of ET, root fresh weight (586, 533, 415 grams) and bud number (78, 59, 53) decreased linearly. These results suggest yield and growth may be reduced in 1994.

scholarly journals EFEK NAUNGAN DAN CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KUNYIT DI KISMANTORO, WONOGIRI

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Dwi Yogi Sapta Ratri ◽  
Bambang Pujiasmanto ◽  
Ahmad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Nested Design ◽  
Two Factors

<p><em>Turmeric is a medicinal plant that has largest secondary metabolites (curcumin). Improving secondary metabolites with abiotic stress that the provision of shade and water stress. This research aims to study the effects of shade and water stress on growth and yield of turmeric and content of secondary metabolites. The study uses a nested design with two factors, namely shade (without shade, 25%, 50%, 75%) and water stress (without stress, 25% field capacity, 50% field capacity, 25% field capacity). Analysis using the F test and DMRT 5% level. The results showed that shade did not effect to fresh and dry weight of plant. 75% shade decrease root lenght, fresh and dry weight of rhizome. Water stress did not effect to growth and yield of turmeric. The highest curcumin results in conditions without shade and without stress.</em></p>

scholarly journals Use of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide for Better Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Deficit Conditions: Growth, Osmoregulation, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noman Habib ◽  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed ◽  
Muhammad Zulqurnain Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Antioxidative Defense

The present experiment was carried out to study the influences of exogenously-applied nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as seed primers on growth and yield in relation with different physio-biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities, and osmolyte accumulation in wheat plants grown under control (100% field capacity) and water stress (60% field capacity) conditions. During soaking, the seeds were covered and kept in completely dark. Drought stress markedly reduced the plant growth, grain yield, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total phenolic content (TPC), total soluble proteins (TSP), leaf water potential (Ψw), leaf turgor potential (Ψp), osmotic potential (Ψs), and leaf relative water content (LRWC), while it increased the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the accumulation of leaf ascorbic acid (AsA), proline (Pro), glycine betaine (GB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2. However, seed priming with SNP and H2O2 alone and in combination mitigated the deleterious effects of water stress on growth and yield by improving the Ψw, Ψs, Ψp, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes accumulation (GB and Pro), TSP, and the antioxidative defense mechanism. Furthermore, the application of NO and H2O2 as seed primers also reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA contents. The effectiveness was treatment-specific and the combined application was also found to be effective. The results revealed that exogenous application of NO and H2O2 was effective in increasing the tolerance of wheat plants under drought stress in terms of growth and grain yield by regulating plant–water relations, the antioxidative defense mechanism, and accumulation of osmolytes, and by reducing the membrane lipid peroxidation.

Effect of Azospirillum Inoculation on Growth and Yield of Lentil

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
M Motiur Rahman ◽  
Sanzida Mubassara ◽  
Sirajul Hoque ◽  
Zahed UM Khan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽  
Lens Esculenta ◽  
Stages Of Growth

A field experiment was conducted in 2005 to evaluate the effect of some isolates of Azospirillum brasilense and Azospirillum lipoferum on growth and yield of lentil (Lens esculenta). Azospirillum inoculation significantly enhanced the early emergence of lentil seeds in the field. The inoculation caused the increase in height of the lentil plants at various stages of growth. Due to inoculation fresh weight and dry weight of lentil plant were increased during pre-flowering and post-flowering stages. Significant increase in the number of pods per plant and grain weight due to Azospirillum inoculation was observed. It was also found that the population of Azospirillum increased significantly in the inoculated root samples of lentil plants. Keywords: Azospirillum, Inoculation, Growth, Yield, Lentil (Lens esculenta)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1233 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp.30-33

The Combined Effects of Salinity and Water Stress on the Growth and Yield Quality of Tomato

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 2265-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ping Guo ◽  
Murava Raphinos Tackmore ◽  
Kargbo Obai ◽  
Mohamed Khaled Salahou
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Yield Quality

The effects of two soil salinities (1g/kg and 6g/kg) and two water stress levels (60% and 80% of the field capacity) on growth and yield parameters of Meiguo903 tomato were investigated under greenhouse conditions. A randomized complete block design experiment with three treatments and four replications was conducted. The treatments were defined as: CK (no water stress and no salt stress), T1 (no water stress but salt stress) and T2 (water stress and salt stress). The results show that more water was applied in CK than the other treatments, but T2 saved water by about 10%. Measured growth parameters showed that water stress and salinity affected the height and stem diameter of the plants. In general, T2 had short plants with thin stems, T1 had a little taller and thin stems while CK had tall plants with thick stems. It was found that both salinity and water stress has a significant effect on total marketable yield. T1 reduced the yield by 37% while T2 conditions reduced the yield by about 43%. Comparing T1 and T2 which were subjected to the same saline conditions (but different water stress levels), there is a significant difference on the amount of water used, where T1 is the highest, but there is no significant difference on their yield. These results give the conclusion that, in a saline environment, water stress can save water and produce a yield close to that when full irrigation is applied. Nearly optimum yields can be achieved by proper water stress management in such an environment.

Water stress and phenology in wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Angus ◽  
MW Moncur
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Crop Development

Single wheat plants (cv. Gabo) were sown in tall pots and top-watered so that growth proceeded without stress until the time of floral initiation. Having reached this stage, plants encountered increasing stress as soil water was depleted. At intervals after the dawn leaf water potential, ψ1, had reached values of –5, –10, –15 bars etc., the stress was relieved with water sufficient for unstressed development until anthesis. The anthesis dates of plants which had encountered mild stress (ψ1 down to about ndash;15 bars) were ahead of the well-watered control, while those which had encountered more severe stress (ψ1 from about ndash;25 to ndash;40 bars) flowered after the controls. The results are discussed in relation to the possibilities of including the effects of stress in crop development models.

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