scholarly journals Effectiveness and Injury Risk during Timber Forwarding with a Quad Bike in Early Thinning

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Stańczykiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Kulak ◽  
Krzysztof Leszczyński ◽  
Grzegorz Szewczyk ◽  
Paweł Kozicki
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Hydraulic Crane ◽  
Loading And Unloading

Within the majority of forest areas where timber is harvested for industrial and energy purposes, working technologies using highly efficient multi-operational machinery and equipment are employed. The situation is different in fragmented, privately owned forests. In such forests, timber harvesting is mainly based on motor-manual technologies with a high proportion of manual labor, both at the stage of felling and timber processing and at the stage of its transport. The study aimed to characterize the work time structure of the ATV unit driver and his helper, to determine the productivity of this team, and to estimate the risk of injury during manual loading and unloading. Based on the data collected during the field research, the theoretical work time structure, work productivity and costs, and injury risk were estimated as a result of using a professional small trailer equipped with a hydraulic crane for timber forwarding, designed for aggregation with the ATV. The average, calculated productivity of timber forwarding (over an average distance of about 500 m) with manual loading and unloading was almost twice as low as the estimated average productivity of forwarding with mechanical loading and unloading using a hydraulic crane. The total unit costs (including labor costs) of forwarding with manual loading and unloading were almost threefold higher than those of forwarding using a trailer with a hydraulic crane. The use of small forest trailers equipped with a hydraulic crane not only ensures higher productivity and cost effectiveness but also allows reducing (even by several percent) the inconvenience of manual timber handling and the risk of strain of the musculoskeletal system.

scholarly journals Standardization of complementary work time in timber harvesting processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kamiński ◽  
Grzegorz Szewczyk ◽  
Janusz Kocel
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Work Shift ◽  
Machine Technology ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Technology Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOne of the essential elements of work technology assessment is task performance time. In the working day structure, production times are crucial; however, under certain conditions, complementary work times can have a share of up to 30%. Accurate determination of the time structure of a work shift is very time consuming and requires time measurements using the methods of cumulative timing or snapshot observations. For this reason, the overall share of complementary work times in a work shift is usually estimated roughly, equally for all timber harvesting conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of selected working environment factors on the share of complementary work times in a work shift, in technologies on the manual-machine and the machine levels. The analyses were carried out in 33 forest districts of the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Wrocław. Among forest contractors, surveys were carried out to analyse the time structure of a working day. For each forest district, analyses of environmental factors potentially relevant to the share of complementary work times in a work shift were carried out; these included field features, dispersion of stands, features of timber, area accessibility. The total share of complementary work times in the machine-level technology variant amounted to approx. 40% and was higher than the manual-machine technological variant, where this share amounted to approx. 35%. The models developed for standardization of the share of variability of complementary work times, in the case of the manual-machine technology level, took into account the share of timber assortments with the length of over 2.5 m as well as the share of upland and mountain sites. In the case of timber harvesting at the machine technology level, the standardization model included as significant the factors such as the share of coniferous forest sites, the number of forest complexes with an area of over 100 hectares, and the total length of roads. Therefore, the above features could be selected as decisive for the share of the complementary work time category out of the full set of environmental variables taken into consideration in the estimation of the time-consumption of timber harvesting processes.

scholarly journals Identification of duration construction of combined foundation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iakov Pronozin ◽  
Denis Volosiuk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Costs ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Common Time ◽  
Actual Duration ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Time Standards ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Sufficient Precision ◽  
Made In

The method for determining the duration of a combined foundation device, which is constructed in several stages, is considered in the article. The main stages include the construction of structures and the regulation of the stress-strain state of the soil base, which is carried out by pressing it. Pressurization is carried out during the construction of the building. On an example of construction of the linear schedule the mutual coordination of works of each stage during building of a building is resulted. The possibility of varying the time parameters of the network model is presented depending on the parameters of the crimping process. Between the late and early beginnings of work there is a common time reserve, which is part of the technological break. The authors present empirical data on the actual duration of concreting of grillage of combined foundations. The study of time parameters of technological processes was based on such methods of observation as timekeeping, photo-timing and video and photo-fixation. The measurements were carried out during the construction of the residential complex «Neighbors» in Tyumen. The scope of research included the study of labor costs of the team, consisting of seven concrete workers. The investigated technological process of concreting consistently included the reception and direction of the concrete mix, laying, leveling and compacting the mixture, smoothing and smoothing the grillage surface. Based on the data obtained, the dependencies of the average duration of concrete work on the volume of the concrete mix laid in the cells (shells) are revealed. The comparison of work durations on both foundations is made. Actual work is determined and work time standards are established, allowing to organize concrete works with sufficient precision when drawing up calendar plans within the framework of working out of projects for the production of works. This article is made in the framework of the dissertation research by co-author Volosiuk D.V.

Tree Size and Species, Stand Volume, and Tract Size: Effects on Southern Harvesting Costs

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Cubbage ◽  
W. Dale Greene ◽  
John P. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Harvesting Costs ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Timber harvesting production rates and equipment and labor costs were used to estimate average logging costs for a variety of tract volumes and sizes, stand structures, and tree species. Average costs were estimated for conventional logging systems typical in the South. Regression analysiswas used to identify significant factors affecting the costs for each system. Highly mechanized systems were generally cheapest for harvesting southern pines, but were not much cheaper for harvesting hardwoods. Hardwoods were substantially more expensive to harvest, as were tracts of lessthan 250 cords in total volume. South. J. Appl. For. 13(3):145-152.

scholarly journals The Effect of Season of the Year on the Frequency and Degree of Damage during Commercial Thinning in Black Alder Stands in Poland

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Grzywiński ◽  
Rafał Turowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Naskrent ◽  
Tomasz Jelonek ◽  
Arkadiusz Tomczak
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Damage Location ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Thinning Operations ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Agricultural Tractor

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of season of the year on the frequency and degree of damage to residual trees caused during winter and summer timber harvesting operations in young alder stands. Analyses were conducted in pure black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) stands aged 38 and 40 years, located in north-eastern Poland. Chainsaw logging was performed in the cut-to-length (CTL) system, while timber was extracted using an agricultural tractor with a trailer with manual timber loading and unloading. Damage caused in the stand as a result of early thinning operations was evaluated in terms of: (1) damage location, (2) wound size, (3) wound depth, and (4) the distance of the damaged tree from the skid trail. Timber harvesting caused damage in 8.3% of trees remaining in the stand. Both the total number of damaged trees (p = 0.001) and the number of trees damaged during felling (p = 0.01) and extraction of timber (p < 0.001) were greater in summer than in winter. Irrespective of the season, two-thirds of all cases of damage were caused during timber extraction, with 67.7% of damage recorded on trunks or root collars and 32.3% on roots. Irrespective of the season and the technological operation, slightly over 50% of cases of damage were small wounds of max. 10 cm2. The proportions of medium-sized wounds (11–100 cm2) and large wounds (over 100 cm2) were comparable. The majority of damaged trees (85.1%) were found in the vicinity (<1 m) of the skid trails. The frequency of tree damage near the skid trail was twice as large in summer as in winter (p < 0.001).

scholarly journals Estimation of Productivity and Costs of Using a Track Mini-Harvester with a Stroke Head for the First Commercial Thinning of a Scots Pine Stand

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Leszczyński ◽  
Arkadiusz Stańczykiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Kulak ◽  
Grzegorz Szewczyk ◽  
Paweł Tylek
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Intensity Parameter ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Usage Rate ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Hydraulic Crane ◽  
Wide Access

The aim of the present work was to estimate the productivity and costs of timber harvesting and forwarding during the first commercial thinning of a Scots pine stand. Three harvesting models were introduced and compared: narrow trail, wide access trail, and schematic extraction. The analyzed harvesting equipment consisted of a track mini-excavator (34 kW) with a stroke harvester head (gripping range 4–30 cm), and a farm tractor coupled to a logging trailer with a hydraulic crane. Merchantable timber (roundwood with a minimum diameter of 5 cm inside bark) was harvested from a 25-year-old planted Scots pine stand growing on a grid of 1.4 m × 1.8 m. The study showed the productivity of the mini-harvester ranged from 3.09 to 3.47 m3/PMH15 (productive machine hours plus 15 min), and that of the forwarding equipment to be 4.07 m3/PMH15. The analyzed model of productivity as a function of tree volume and thinning intensity was statistically significant, but the intensity parameter was significant only on plots located along wide access trails (3.7 m) and insignificant on plots located along narrow access trails (2.5 m). The distance between trees was not found to be significant. The calculated net machine costs for the forwarding equipment and track mini-harvester were EUR 36.12 and 52.47 per PMH, respectively. An increase in the usage rate of the harvesting equipment to 80% would reduce the harvesting and forwarding costs to EUR 22.07/m3.

scholarly journals Research of mobile combined feed preparation unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
V. S. Khmelovskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
Combined Feed ◽  
The Impact

The issues of implementation of the technological process of preparation of feed components for feeding for cattle are considered. The main factors of complete feeding are: a complete set of essential nutrients, timely and affordable and optimally coordinated in quantitative terms of their entry into the bodies of animals. The process of grinding feed components, to a large extent, depends on their physical and mechanical properties. One of the conditions for preparing the feed mixture is the minimum use of additional machines that perform the operations of grinding, mixing and distribution of the finished feed mixture, because it leads to higher energy and labor costs. These costs are associated with additional loading and unloading operations of feed components. In the study of the processes of grinding feed materials, according to the technology of preparation of feed for feeding, using mobile combined feed preparation units, provided their grinding, loading feed components was carried out in the following sequence: first loaded roughage, then root crops, for storage stands out. However, experiments have shown that roughage, in the process of grinding, act as a shock absorber, mitigating the impact loads on the roots of tubers from the knives, cuttings and walls of the hopper. At the first loading of root tubers the process of crushing was more intensive. Experiments with long-fiber materials and roots, showed that the presence of crushed roots in the hopper, when loading roughage, the duration of grinding of the latter does not affect. To intensify the process of grinding long-fiber materials (straw), experiments were conducted with the addition of feed with a larger bulk density (silage), which was introduced after the destruction of the roll. The results of research have shown that the addition of silage can increase the intensity and degree of grinding of straw, this is due to the compaction of the mass in the active cutting zone. This solution allows you to reduce the technological time of the unit and increase its productivity.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Kebutuhan Tenaga Kerja Petugas Rekam Medis Berdasarkan Metode Workload Indicator of Staffing Needs (WISN) di Klinik Rawat Inap Ramdani Husada

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Irma Wulandari ◽  
Fitri Indahsari
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinic Manager ◽  
Staffing Needs

The medical record is one of the most important parts of a health service which must be supported by an adequate number of human resources, so it is necessary to calculate the exact workforce requirements. Medical record activities at Ramdani Husada Inpatient Clinic are not done by officers with medical record education qualifications but are carried out by officers with qualifications of high school education, midwifery diploma, and midwifery diploma. The research objective was to describe the need for medical record personnel based on the WISN (Workload Indicator of Staffing Need) method at the Ramdani Husada Inpatient Clinic. The research design used descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population and sample of the study were all officers who carried out medical record activities as many as 3 people including the clinic manager, head of administration, and administrative staff. The results showed that the available work time was 1,953 hours/year or equivalent to 117,180 minutes/year, the workload standard was not in accordance with the number of available officers, the allowance standard was 1.70 workers. So that the need for medical record officers based on the WISN method is 9 workers. Based on the research results, there is a gap between theory and practice, where the Ramdani Husada Inpatient Clinic does not use the WISN method or other methods for planning its workforce. It is suggested that the Ramdani Husada Inpatient Clinic do deeper planning related to the workforce, especially for medical record officers to increase work productivity and reduce the risk of fatigue in officers.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN PENGUKURAN KERJA DALAM MENENTUKAN WAKTU STANDAR DENGAN METODE TIME STUDY GUNA MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA DIVISI POMPA MINYAK PT BUKAKA TEKNIK UTAMA TBK.

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutus Rully ◽  
Noni Tri Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Work Productivity ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Personal Time ◽  
Work Measurement ◽  
Standard Time ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Time Standards

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the workers planning work measurement, to determine the productivity of the workers, and to determine the measurement of work in improving the productivity of workers. The method used is a case study and one of measurement method used is a work time study. Results and discussion of this research is a discrepancy between theory and phenomena that occur in the company, that there are some workers who use idle time and personal time more than 20% (96 minutes) of total working time. Lack supervision on the discipline of working time and standard time greatly affect the productivity levels of workers. With the use of a good standard time, labor productivity increased as indicated by the number of units produced of two workers from 11 units to 14 units.Keyword: Measurement of work, time standards and work productivity standards

scholarly journals Rail Track with Rail Compression

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
V. N. Sukhodoev
Keyword(s):  
Effective Property ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Rail Track ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

The problem of damping the noise on the track, arising from the movement of the train, is solved sufficiently but it is simple, if the rail with spacers is laid inside the longitudinally located band sleeper-mechanism. The result is a layered rail thread, consisting of belts: a rail tape with elastic spacers on three sides, a tie-mechanism tape and a ballast layer. The unity of the layers is carried out due to their own mass. This is the static track without external load. Rail compression is an effective property of rail tracks. It is formed in the sleeper mechanism under the influence of vertical forces with displacements and their horizontal derivatives. When loading the track, the compression is carried out repeatedly with subsequent unloading.n this case, each previous changes in the conditions in work of the track are taken into account in the subsequent cycle of loading and unloading. A rail track with a rail compression is a kind of self-adapting linear system, which is necessary with frequent changes in load and operating conditions for silent performance of a functional purpose. The specificity of this path is that the movement of the wheel creates rail vibration and noise, which are immediately damped by compression with damping. The balance between the occurrence of noise and its suppression is achieved by the ratio of the lengths of half-sleeper shoulders as a lever. The condition for the appearance of a shift of the compression forces in the direction from vertical shoulder of the half-sleepers is the unequal settlements of the horizontal shoulder of the L-shaped half-sleepers and its eccentric loading. As a result of the research, the advantages of a rail track with rail compression have been revealed, which is a guarantor of the stability of the design parameters during long-term operation of the track. The cost of a rail track with rail reduction is halved as a result of steel savings, lower labor costs and operational needs.

Forstbetrieblicher Kennzahlenvergleich Deutschland – Österreich – Schweiz

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patric Bürgi ◽  
Walter Sekot ◽  
Nils Ermisch ◽  
Bernhard Pauli ◽  
Bernhard Möhring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Enterprise Networks ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
National Data ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Country Specific

Forest enterprise key figure comparison Germany – Austria – Switzerland The forest enterprise networks in the so-called DACH region (Germany [D], Austria [A] and Switzerland [CH]) have a long tradition going back to the 1950s. Due to different concepts and definitions, however, the national results are not directly comparable. Therefore, the aim of the DACH initiative is to enhance the comparability of national data sets and to draw conclusions for the forestry sector from the comparison of key figures. In order to achieve this, differences between country- specific indicator definitions were first identified and then offset as much as possible. A subsequent key figure analysis showed that certain forestry key figures of the DACH forest enterprise network can be made comparable, revealing the effects of the partially different conditions in the countries. The comparison of key figures over the years 2008 to 2013 shows that the German and Austrian forest enterprises achieved continuous profits in forest management. In contrast, the Swiss forest enterprises were in deficit despite extensive subsidies and compensations. This is partly due to the significantly higher expenses for timber harvesting, silviculture and forest road infrastructure, resulting in part from higher labor costs and in particular a much higher operational personnel density.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document