scholarly journals Concentrated Buffalo Whey as Substrate for Probiotic Cultures and as Source of Bioactive Ingredients: A Local Circular Economy Approach towards Reuse of Wastewaters

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Alberto Alfano ◽  
Sergio D’ambrosio ◽  
Antonella D’Agostino ◽  
Rosario Finamore ◽  
Chiara Schiraldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Milk Whey

Waste reduction and reuse is a crucial target of current research efforts. In this respect, the present study was focused on providing an example of local investment in a simple process configuration that converts whey into value-added compounds and allows recovery of a clean water stream. In particular, buffalo milk whey obtained during mozzarella manufacturing was ultrafiltered in-house on spiral membrane modules (20 kDa), and the two obtained fractions, namely the retentate and the permeate, provided by the dairy factory, were further processed during this work. The use of an additional nanofiltration step allowed the recovery of high-quality water to be reused in the production cycle (machine rinsing water within the facility) and/or in agriculture, also reducing disposal costs and the environmental impact. The ultrafiltration retentate, on the other hand, was spray-dried and the powder obtained was used as the main substrate for the cultivation of Lactobacillus fermentum, a widely studied probiotic with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and cholesterol-lowering properties. In addition, the same sample was tested in vitro on a human keratinocytes model. Resuspended concentrated whey powder improved cell reparation rate in scratch assays, assisted through time-lapse video-microscopy. Overall these data support the potential of buffalo whey as a source of biologically active components and recyclable water in the frame of a local circular economy approach.

scholarly journals Fruit Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Sustainable Production of High Value-Added Ingredients from By-Products within Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis ◽  
Moura ◽  
Kabbas Junior ◽  
Pap ◽  
Mattila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds

The circular economy is an umbrella concept that applies different mechanisms aiming to minimize waste generation, thus decoupling economic growth from natural resources. Each year, an estimated one-third of all food produced is wasted; this is equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food, which is worth around US$1 trillion or even $2.6 trillion when social and economic costs are included. In the fruit and vegetable sector, 45% of the total produced amount is lost in the production (post-harvest, processing, and distribution) and consumption chains. Therefore, it is necessary to find new technological and environmentally friendly solutions to utilize fruit wastes as new raw materials to develop and scale up the production of high value-added products and ingredients. Considering that the production and consumption of fruits has increased in the last years and following the need to find the sustainable use of different fruit side streams, this work aimed to describe the chemical composition and bioactivity of different fruit seeds consumed worldwide. A comprehensive focus is given on the extraction techniques of water-soluble and lipophilic compounds and in vitro/in vivo functionalities, and the link between chemical composition and observed activity is holistically explained.

Response of preimplantation rat blastocysts in vitro to extracellular uterine luminal components, serum and hormones

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-277
Author(s):  
M.A. Surani
Keyword(s):  
Calf Serum ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Foetal Calf Serum ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cells

The influence of extracellular environmental factors on preimplantation rat blastocysts was tested by determining the number of embryos which escaped from their zonae pellucidae, followed by attachment and outgrowth of trophoblast giant cells, after 72 h in culture Uterine luminal ocmponents from individual females, or hormones, were included in Dulbecco's medium which contained 4 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. In about 20% of cases, uterine fluids were embryotonic. However, uterine fluids from day-5 pregnant females, the day of implantation in the rat, were more potent in these tests than uterine fluids obtained from ovariectomized females treated with progesterone alone. The potency of a mixture of the 2 fluids was also high. Uterine fluids obtained at 14 h after an injection of oestradiol and progesterone to the ovariectomized females, were also effective in these tests. Rat serum and foetal calf serum were effective too, but steroids or insulin alone in the medium had no detectable influence on embryos. Serum or uterine luminal proteins appear to be essential for maintaining the viability of the blastocysts and for inducing the responses observed here. In the uterine fluids, some proteins released into the lumen after treatment of females with oestradiol and progesterone appear to be the biologically active components. Differences in the responses of blastocysts in vitro are compared with those in vivo.

scholarly journals Novel Autoimmune IgM Antibody Attenuates Atherosclerosis in IgM Deficient Low-Fat Diet–Fed, but Not Western Diet–Fed Apoe –/– Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Cherepanova ◽  
Prasad Srikakulapu ◽  
Elizabeth S. Greene ◽  
Malay Chaklader ◽  
Ryan M. Haskins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Objective: Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), such as the oxidized derivatives of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, have been shown to be the principal biologically active components of minimally oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein). The role of OxPL in cardiovascular diseases is well recognized, including activation of inflammation within vascular cells. Atherosclerotic Apoe –/– mice fed a high-fat diet develop antibodies to OxPL, and hybridoma B-cell lines producing natural anti-OxPL autoantibodies have been successfully generated and characterized. However, as yet, no studies have been reported demonstrating that treatment with OxPL neutralizing antibodies can be used to prevent or reverse advanced atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Here, using a screening against 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, we generated a novel IgM autoantibody, 10C12, from the spleens of Apoe –/– mice fed a long-term Western diet, that demonstrated potent OxPL neutralizing activity in vitro and the ability to inhibit macrophage accumulation within arteries of Apoe –/– mice fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. Of interest, 10C12 failed to inhibit atherosclerosis progression in Apoe –/– mice treated between 18 and 26 weeks of Western diet feeding likely due at least in part to high levels of endogenous anti-OxPL antibodies. However, 10C12 treatment caused a 40% decrease in lipid accumulation within aortas of secreted IgM deficient, sIgM –/– Apoe –/– , mice fed a low-fat diet, when the antibody was administrated between 32-40 weeks of age. Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide direct evidence showing that treatment with a single autoimmune anti-OxPL IgM antibody during advanced disease stages can have an atheroprotective outcome.

Heterogeneity of human lutropin. Detection and identification of α- and β-subunits

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. van Ginkel ◽  
J. G. Loeber
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Relative Response ◽  
Detection And Identification

Abstract. A highly purified LH preparation, prepared from human pituitaries (NM14) was studied using immunochemical and in vitro biological techniques. Using isoelectric focusing 5 different biologically active components could be detected, 4 of which were located between pH = 7.0 and 8.6, one was located at pH = 4.9. The biological activity in the acidic part of the pH gradient is probably due to the formation of an artefact during storage in solution. The experiments were performed with special emphasis on the occurrence of LH subunits, for which until now no pI-values have been reported. Using specific radioimmunochemical (RIA) systems at least 7 different α-subunit components and 4 different β-subunit components could be detected. The presence of even more components is likely. The α-subunit components, with pI-values of: 4.6, 5.2, 6.0, 7.1, 8.1, 8.8 and 9.7, were located spread over the entire pH-gradient whereas all β-subunit components were located above pH = 7.5, the pI-values being 7.7, 8.4, 8.5 and 10.4. The identification of these components as α- or β-subunit was based on the relative response in the different RIA systems, the absence of biological activity and the response changes during incubation at 37°C. Refocusing of the above mentioned biologically active components individually resulted each time in a single component with a pI-value identical to its corresponding 'parent'. After incubation at 37°C of these components each time the same variety of subunit components was found with discrete pI-values, identical to those above.

scholarly journals Scientific basis of biomarkers and benefits of functional foods for reduction of disease risk: cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (S2) ◽  
pp. S219-S224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Rafter
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Vast Number

One of the most promising areas for the development of functional foods lies in modification of the activity of the gastrointestinal tract by use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. While a myriad of healthful effects have been attributed to the probiotic lactic acid bacteria, perhaps the most controversial remains that of anticancer activity. However, it must be emphasised that, to date, there is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in man as a result of consumption of lactic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products, although there is a wealth of indirect evidence, based largely on laboratory studies. Presently, there are a large number of biomarkers available for assessing colon cancer risk in dietary intervention studies, which are validated to varying degrees. These include colonic mucosal markers, faecal water markers and immunological markers. Overwhelming evidence from epidemiological, in vivo, in vitro and clinical trial data indicates that a plant-based diet can reduce the risk of chronic disease, particularly cancer. It is now clear that there are components in a plant-based diet other than traditional nutrients that can reduce cancer risk. More than a dozen classes of these biologically active plant chemicals, now known as ‘phytochemicals’, have been identified. Although the vast number of naturally occurring health-enhancing substances appear to be of plant origin, there are a number of physiologically active components in animal products (such as the probiotics referred to above) that deserve attention for their potential role in cancer prevention.

Abstract 622: Development of an Antioxidized Phospholipid Neutralizing Antibody as an Atheroprotective Therapeutic Agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A Cherepanova ◽  
Gary K Owens
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Clinical Complications

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arterial wall, which contributes to >40% of all deaths in developed societies. Widespread use of statins and life style modifications within developed nations have resulted in modest reductions in the incidences and severity of atherosclerotic disease, but as yet there is no clear evidence that statins can prevent late stage clinical consequences of atherosclerosis including plaque rupture with possible myocardial infarction or stroke. Atherosclerosis is a complex disease characterized by two key processes, lipid deposition and inflammation within the arterial wall, and oxidative stress providing the link between the two. Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), such as oxidized PAPC (1-palmitoil-2-arachodonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) and its derivatives are the biologically active components of minimally oxidized LDL, whose role in cardiovascular diseases is well recognized. Atherosclerotic ApoE knockout (KO) mice fed a high fat Western diet develop antibodies (Abs) to OxPL, and hybridoma B cell lines producing natural auto-Abs against OxPL have been successfully generated and characterized. However, as yet, no studies have been reported demonstrating that treatment with OxPL neutralizing Abs can be used to prevent or reverse atherosclerosis. Of major importance, we recently generated an anti-OxPL auto-Ab (10C12) that demonstrates potent OxPL neutralizing activity in vitro. Sequence analysis showed that 10C12 Ab is structurally different from previously described anti-OxPL EO6 type neutralizing Abs. Moreover, we found that 10C12 Ab injections (IP, twice a week) in ApoE KO mice fed a Western diet for four weeks resulted in: 1) high circulating titers of Abs to OxPL as measured by ELISA; 2) significantly decreased accumulation of macrophages within the brachiocephalic artery, a site of advanced plaque formation in mice; and 3) a decreased OxPL-induced inflammatory response following IP injection of OxPL as determined by analysis of inflammatory gene expression in abdominal lavage cells. Results of our work give insight into the role of OxPL in atherosclerosis and lead to potential novel therapeutic approaches to treat it or prevent clinical complications of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Tetraphenylethene-based highly emissive metallacage as a component of theranostic supramolecular nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (48) ◽  
pp. 13720-13725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guocan Yu ◽  
Timothy R. Cook ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Xuzhou Yan ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Theranostic Agent ◽  
Supramolecular Coordination ◽  
Targeting Ability

A theranostic agent combines diagnostic reporter with therapeutic activity in a single entity, an approach that seeks to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a highly emissive tetraphenylethene-based metallacage using multicomponent coordination-driven self-assembly that exhibits a coordination-triggered aggregation-induced emission (AIE) enhancement. The formation of metallacage-loaded nanoparticles (MNPs) occurs when the assembly is treated with two variants of a 1,2-distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate, mPEG-DSPE, and biotin-PEG-DSPE. This combination endows the resultant MNPs with excellent stability and targeting ability, specifically enabling selective delivery of the metallacages to cancer cells that overexpress biotin receptors via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Although the mechanism of activity is based on existing Pt(II) anticancer drugs such as oxaliplatin, carboplatin, and cisplatin, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the MNPs are more active and show low systemic activity while also possessing emissive properties that allow for fluorescence-based imaging. This pioneering example of a metallacage that combines biologically active components with AIE imaging establishes supramolecular coordination complexes imbedded within nanoparticles as a promising potential theranostic platform for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals In vitro analysis of the effect of ragweed extract against Monilinia laxa

2012 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Csaba Tamás Tóth ◽  
Panna Márta Miskolczi ◽  
Mária Csubák
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

Nowadays in Hungary nearly 5 million hectares of agricultural area was infected with ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia). According to the public opinion the ragweed is a weed. From agricultural and public health point of view it is exceptionally dangerous plant. As it contains a number of useful active ingredients, based on this the  ragweed is consider a medicinal plant. Our goal was to present that the ragweed contains antifungal active substances as well. In the experiments we used the pre-flowering plants with roots and we extracted the biological active components of dried plant. We tested the biological activity of the extracts against Monilinia laxa in vitro. We related based on our examination that ragweed contains biologically active agents, by which it is hampered the reproduction of the Monilinia laxa.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF DIRECT TRANSPORT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN CONDITIONS OF MODELED GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Food systems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
A. V. Evteev ◽  
N. V. Gorbunova ◽  
O. S. Larionova ◽  
A. V. Bannikova
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Active Substances

In this paper, the results of studies on the release of biological active compounds from their encapsulated forms under conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro are presented. In the phase of the model «small intestine» swelling of the capsules and their subsequent decay occurs, which allows to speak about the controlled release of encapsulated bioactive components. It was revealed that almost 90 % of the residual quantity of essential ingredients was released from the capsules in the model phase of the artificial «small intestine». At the end of the experiment, the capsules released all the encapsulated biologically active substances, regardless of the content of fish oil and phenolic compounds in them. It was noted that the poly-capsules had the greatest propensity to withstand the aggressive environment of the «model stomach» and concentrate in themselves the maximum amount of biologically active substances. Mathematical modeling confirms the direct transport of biologically active compounds and the role of the swelling of capsules in the release of biologically active compounds. two mathematical models describing the classical theory of diffusion from capsules and incorporating the material relaxation coefficient demonstrate a combination of empirical and theoretical approaches in controlling the properties of encapsulated biologically active substances. the obtained data are promising in the field of development of improved and functional food products, as well as the dry ingredients and concentrates 

scholarly journals PENGARUH RADIASI SINAR GAMMA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERUBAHAN FENOTIPE TUNAS IN VITRO LIDAH BUAYA (ALOE VERA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
M Imelda ◽  
S Sari ◽  
A Wulansari ◽  
F Eriyandri
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
In Vitro Shoots

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. of the Asphodelaceae, which probably originated in North Africa is a very short-stemmed succulent, perennial plant of 80-100 cm in height. Today, it is widely grown in the tropics worldwide. It has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine and as cosmetic materials since thousand of years BC in Egypt, China, Greece, etc. It can be used externally to treat various skin conditions and It was useful for curing diabetics, cancer, HIV, even for stress and drug addicts The biologically active components found in the juice of aloe leaves are anthraquinones, acemannan, andprostaglandins. Chunks of aloe pulp are popular as beverages in Asia. Aloe has long been propagated by splitting its off-shoots, and this may account for its narrow genetic variations. In this research, genetic variations of A. vera and A. vera var. Chinensis, were induced by gamma irradiation. In vitro shoots of Aloe were irradiated with gamma ray at the dosage of 10-60 gy, then propagated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium containing 1 mg/l BAP. The results showed that shootlets of A. vera var. Chinensis were still alive up to 40 gy but the leaves became stiffer, while A. vera only tolerated irradiation up to 20gy. At 50-60 gy, all cultures died after 2 months. Visual observation on irradiated in vitro shoots showed that new variants appeared at the dosage of 20 gy, although in very low frequencies. Leaves became half green and half white in A. vera and white-green-white in A. vera var. Chinensis. Confirmation whether those variants were of genetic or morphological origin needs to be further investigated.

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