scholarly journals Intelligent Thermal Comfort Controlling System for Buildings Based on IoT and AI

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Zhao ◽  
Paolo Vincenzo Genovese ◽  
Zhixing Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
Intelligent Devices ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Energy Consumption Prediction ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the improvement of technologies, people’s demand for intelligent devices of indoor and outdoor living environments keeps increasing. However, the traditional control system only adjusts living parameters mechanically, which cannot better meet the requirements of human comfort intelligently. This article proposes a building intelligent thermal comfort control system based on the Internet of Things and intelligent artificial intelligence. Through the literature review, various algorithms and prediction methods are analyzed and compared. The system can automatically complete a series of operations through IoT hardware devices which are located at multiple locations in the building with key modules. The code is developed and debugged by Python to establish a model for energy consumption prediction with environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, radiant temperature, and air velocity on thermal comfort indicators. By using the simulation experiments, 1700 data sets are used for training. Then, the output PMV predicted values are compared with the real figure. The results show that the performance of this system is superior to traditional control on energy-saving and comfort.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort of patients in hospital ward areas

1977 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Smith ◽  
A. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hospital Ward ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiant Temperature

SUMMARYThe patient is identified as being of prime importance for comfort standards in hospital ward areas, other ward users being expected to adjust their dress to suit the conditions necessary for patient comfort. A study to identify the optimum steady state conditions for patient comfort is then described.Although this study raises some doubts as to the applicability of the standard thermal comfort assessment techniques to ward areas, it is felt that its results give a good indication of the steady-state conditions preferred by the patients. These were an air temperature of between 21.5° and 22° C and a relative humidity of between 30% and 70%, where the air velocity was less than 0.1 m/s and the mean radiant temperature was close to air temperature.

A Data-Driven Thermal Sensation Model Based Predictive Controller for Indoor Thermal Comfort and Energy Optimization

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Occupant Feedback ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
Radiant Temperature

This paper proposes a model predictive controller (MPC) using a data-driven thermal sensation model for indoor thermal comfort and energy optimization. The uniqueness of this empirical thermal sensation model lies in that it uses feedback from occupants (occupant actual votes) to improve the accuracy of model prediction. We evaluated the performance of our controller by comparing it with other MPC controllers developed using the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) model as thermal comfort index. The simulation results demonstrate that in general our controller achieves a comparable level of energy consumption and comfort while eases the computation demand posed by using the PMV model in the MPC formulation. It is also worth pointing out that since we assume that our controller receives occupant feedback (votes) on thermal comfort, we do not need to monitor the parameters such as relative humidity, air velocity, mean radiant temperature and occupant clothing level changes which are necessary in the computation of PMV index. Furthermore simulations show that in cases where occupants’ actual sensation votes might deviate from the PMV predictions (i.e., a bias associated with PMV), our controller has the potential to outperform the PMV based MPC controller by providing a better indoor thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Numerical evaluation of thermal discomfort in conditions of surface heating and asymmetric radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
F. Kalmár ◽  
T. Kalmár
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Wall Heating ◽  
Personalized Ventilation ◽  
Radiant Temperature

This paper presents the results of analytical analysis of thermal comfort and radiation asymmetry in case of wall heating depending on the room geometry and thermal properties of the external wall. The negative effects of radiation asymmetry on thermal comfort in case of summer conditions can be lowered using advanced personalized ventilation systems. In case of buildings with poor thermal properties of the envelope during the winter period low surface temperatures may occur. The aim of this research was to analyse the thermal asymmetry in the case of a room with one external wall and wall heating installed on the opposite wall. It was assumed that the radiation asymmetry will lead to discomfort and it was hypothesised that the discomfort might be reduced increasing the air velocity. The results have proven that thermal asymmetry in the middle of the room will not lead to thermal discomfort even for walls without any additional thermal insulation. However, the mean radiant temperature varies significantly depending on the position of the occupant in the room. In this case, the personalized control on the air velocity can help to improve the thermal comfort conditions.

The Study of Thermal Comfort and Noise Level in Battery Plate Factory

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 474-479
Author(s):  
Mohd Anas Mohd Sabri ◽  
Mohd Faizal Mat Tahir ◽  
Kamaruzaman Sopian ◽  
Muhammad Hadi Zabidi Rosdi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Radiant Temperature

The successful of manufacturing factories in industry is highly dependent on a productivity of their employees especially operators. It was identified that comfort and noise level can reduce the productivity of their workers. This study is to determine the level of thermal and noise comfort in the battery plate factory. This study was conducted in three days and location of the study is at battery plate factory in Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia. The scope of study is focused at plate manufacturing area where the employee estimated 40 persons. The thermal comfort level can be determined by calculating PMV and PPD. This study involved six factors of comfort which is air temperature, average radiant temperature, air velocity, relative humidity, metabolic rate and clothes insulation. Then the study of noise level was conducted by determining LAeq, T, Lmax and Lmin. To carry out this study, Babuc-A equipment were used. The analysis show the area of the manufacturing battery plate having a discomfort condition and PMV result is between 1.5 until 3. Air temperature on the other hand is between 27.4°C-37.8°C while relative humidity is between range 35.35% -92.1% and air velocity 0 m/s-1.28 m/s. Meanwhile the LAeq,T value in the factory is varied from 68 to 80 dB.

Thermal Comfort Study Based on Airflow within a Passenger Compartment

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ping Xiang ◽  
Han Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Passenger Compartment ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Index Distribution ◽  
Airflow Field ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Occupied Zone

It is important to analyze the temperature, airflow field, PMV-PPD index distribution within the passenger compartment to ameliorate the amenity and decrease consumption. A numerical model to assess the thermal comfort taking into account the different air velocity. This paper uses commercial software FLUENT to simulate 3-D temperature, PMV-PPD index distributions and flow field in a compartment passenger. The predicted results basically meet the requirement of thermal comfort except the local temperature around the lower region and the local air velocities around passengers’ head region. When the air-outlet temperature is 20 °C, air-outlet velocity 4 m/s is agreed to the thermal comfort. PMV index are about -0.4-0.6, and PPD index is less than 10%, which is agreed with passenger’s thermal comfort. The predicted values illustrate the uniformity of indoor environment in the occupied zone.

Experimental Analysis of Thermal Comfort-Based Controls

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghyon Mun ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Radiant Temperature

Under laboratory conditions, an experimental analysis is carried to evaluate the performance of thermal comfort-based controls compared to temperature-based controls. In this analysis, the Fanger model used to estimate a thermal comfort indicator that can be utilized to control a mechanical cooling system. Specifically, the Predicted Mean Value (PMV) of Fanger model was determined using two methods. In the first method, a commercially available thermal comfort sensor was used to measure an equivalent temperature which is then converted into PMV. In the second method, air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity, and mean radiant temperature were monitored and the PMV is calculated for a given occupant metabolic rate of occupant and clothing level. The results obtained for the second method was used to calibrate the thermal comfort sensor. In this paper, the results of a series of experiments are presented to determine if thermal comfort-based controls can save energy (while maintaining adequate thermal comfort) when compared to conventional control strategies based on maintaining indoor temperature within given set-points. It was found that when the PMV is set to 0.5, the thermal comfort based controls use 10% less energy than conventional controls. The energy savings are reduced to about 7% when the PMV is set to 0 (neural level).

scholarly journals Analytical Studies on Levels of Thermal Comfort in Typical Low-Income Houses Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S.H. Ibrahim, ◽  
A. Baharun ◽  
M.N. Mohd Nawi ◽  
E. Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Door Opening ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
Housing Estates

 This paper investigates the present situation of thermal comfort in typical low-income houses located in Betong and Saratok, Sarawak, Malaysia. Investigations were carried out by measuring airflow rate, temperature, relative humidity and mean radiant temperature at specific points in one chosen house of each district. Different low-income housing estates were chosen for comparisons due to the different location and position of each house. Although both of these low- income houses have similarity in design but differs in layout arrangement. Results are presented and analyzed using Corrected Effective Temperature (CET) index in two different window and door opening configurations. The results show that the modern low-income house is thermally uncomfortable under certain conditions. High internal air temperatures occurred when doors and windows were closed combined with low air velocity contributes to thermally uncomfortable environment. Once all doors and windows were opened, allowing the air movement to increase, thermal comfort was achieved although air temperatures remained high.

scholarly journals Modeling Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution in Urban Landscapes Using DART

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Dissegna ◽  
Tiangang Yin ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Nicolas Lauret ◽  
Shanshan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Radiant Temperature

The microclimatic conditions of the urban environment influence significantly the thermal comfort of human beings. One of the main human biometeorology parameters of thermal comfort is the Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt), which quantifies effective radiative flux reaching a human body. Simulation tools have proven useful to analyze the radiative behavior of an urban space and its impact on the inhabitants. We present a new method to produce detailed modeling of Tmrt spatial distribution using the 3-D Discrete Anisotropic Radiation Transfer model (DART). Our approach is capable to simulate Tmrt at different scales and under a range of parameters including the urban pattern, surface material of ground, walls, roofs, and properties of the vegetation (coverage, shape, spectral signature, Leaf Area Index and Leaf Area Density). The main advantages of our method are found in (1) the fine treatment of radiation in both short-wave and long-wave domains, (2) detailed specification of optical properties of urban surface materials and of vegetation, (3) precise representation of the vegetation component, and (4) capability to assimilate 3-D inputs derived from multisource remote sensing data. We illustrate and provide a first evaluation of the method in Singapore, a tropical city experiencing strong Urban Heat Island effect (UHI) and seeking to enhance the outdoor thermal comfort. The comparison between DART modelled and field estimated Tmrt shows good agreement in our study site under clear-sky condition over a time period from 10:00 to 19:00 (R2 = 0.9697, RMSE = 3.3249). The use of a 3-D radiative transfer model shows promising capability to study urban microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort with increasing landscape details, and to build linkage to remote sensing data. Our methodology has the potential to contribute towards optimizing climate-sensitive urban design when combined with the appropriate tools.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Greening Scenarios for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Neighbourhoods of Lecce (Southern Italy)

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Elisa Gatto ◽  
Fabio Ippolito ◽  
Gennaro Rispoli ◽  
Oliver Savio Carlo ◽  
Jose Luis Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Greening ◽  
Urban Microclimate ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Typical Summer ◽  
Radiant Temperature

This study analyses the interactions and impacts between multiple factors i.e., urban greening, building layout, and meteorological conditions that characterise the urban microclimate and thermal comfort in the urban environment. The focus was on two neighbourhoods of Lecce city (southern Italy) characterised through field campaigns and modelling simulations on a typical hot summer day. Field campaigns were performed to collect greening, building geometry, and microclimate data, which were employed in numerical simulations of several greening scenarios using the Computational Fluid Dynamics-based and microclimate model ENVI-met. Results show that, on a typical summer day, trees may lead to an average daily decrease of air temperature by up to 1.00 °C and an improvement of thermal comfort in terms of Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) by up to 5.53 °C and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) by up to 0.53. This decrease is more evident when the urban greening (in terms of green surfaces and trees) is increased by 1266 m2 in the first neighbourhood and 1988 m2 in the second one, with respect to the current scenario, proving that shading effect mainly contributes to improving the urban microclimate during daytime. On the contrary, the trapping effect of heat, stored by the surfaces during the day and released during the evening, induces an increase of the spatially averaged MRT by up to 2 °C during the evenings and a slight deterioration of thermal comfort, but only locally where the concentration of high LAD trees is higher. This study contributes to a better understanding of the ecosystem services provided by greening with regard to microclimate and thermal comfort within an urban environment for several hours of the day. It adds knowledge about the role of green areas in a Mediterranean city, an important hot spot of climate change, and thus it can be a guide for important urban regeneration plans.

scholarly journals How Can We Adapt Thermal Comfort for Disabled Patients? A Case Study of French Healthcare Buildings in Summer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4530
Author(s):  
Youcef Bouzidi ◽  
Zoubayre El Akili ◽  
Antoine Gademer ◽  
Nacef Tazi ◽  
Adil Chahboun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
Radiant Temperature

This paper investigates adaptive thermal comfort during summer in medical residences that are located in the French city of Troyes and managed by the Association of Parents of Disabled Children (APEI). Thermal comfort in these buildings is evaluated using subjective measurements and objective physical parameters. The thermal sensations of respondents were determined by questionnaires, while thermal comfort was estimated using the predicted mean vote (PMV) model. Indoor environmental parameters (relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, air temperature, and air velocity) were measured using a thermal environment sensor during the summer period in July and August 2018. A good correlation was found between operative temperature, mean radiant temperature, and PMV. The neutral temperature was determined by linear regression analysis of the operative temperature and Fanger’s PMV model. The obtained neutral temperature is 23.7 °C. Based on the datasets and questionnaires, the adaptive coefficient α representing patients’ capacity to adapt to heat was found to be 1.261. A strong correlation was also observed between the sequential thermal index n(t) and the adaptive temperature. Finally, a new empirical model of adaptive temperature was developed using the data collected from a longitudinal survey in four residential buildings of APEI in summer, and the obtained adaptive temperature is 25.0 °C with upper and lower limits of 24.7 °C and 25.4 °C.

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