Determination and Review of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Raw and Treated Coconut Fibers for Their Recycling in Construction Materials

In order to reduce the dependency on conventional materials and negative environmental impacts, one of the main responsibilities of the construction field is to find new eco-friendly resources to replace the traditional materials partially. Natural fibers were known as potential candidates for the reinforcement of structures in civil engineering by virtue of their advantages. Among the different kinds of vegetable fibers, coconut fiber has been exploited in a limited way over the past few years. This paper aims at evaluating the different properties of local coconut fibers (Vietnam). Several laboratory tests provide geometrical, physical, mechanical properties and durability properties that are compared with literature results obtained from similar natural fibers. The local coconut fibers tested demonstrated properties suitable for reinforced mortars. With adequate control of their preparation, they could be reused in the manufacture of mortars in the construction.

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.res.2017.93 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gino Ng ◽

Girum Urgessa ◽

Yared Shifferaw ◽

Harianto Hardjasaputra

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Concrete Plates ◽

Coconut Fibers

The use of natural fibers in concrete has significantly increased in recent years as a result of the push for sustainable construction. Coconut fibers, also known as coir fibers, have been used as natural fibers in concrete, particularly in some parts of Asia. This paper presents an experimental study that investigates the use of coconut fibers in concrete. Two baseline concrete mix designs were selected based on design standards with a water-cement ratio of 0.4 and 0.5 respectively. For each baseline mix design, four 20 cm x 20 cm x 1 cm concrete plates were constructed by varying the percentage of coconut fibers by weight of cement. The fiber contents studied are 0%, 0.1%, 0.175%, and 0.25%. The concrete plates were then tested to determine the mechanical properties of the coconut fiber-reinforced concrete and comparisons were made with the mix designs with 0% coconut fiber content. The results show that adding coconut fibers increases the flexural strength of concrete plates. This is particularly beneficial for low scale construction applications such as those in concrete tile production. For both mix designs, adding 0.25% of coconut fibers increased the flexural strength of the concrete plates by 90% when compared to concrete with no coconut fibers.

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Effect of Coconut Fiber Length and Content on Properties of High Strength Concrete

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13051075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Waqas Ahmad ◽

Syed Hassan Farooq ◽

Muhammad Usman ◽

Mehran Khan ◽

Ayaz Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Strength Concrete ◽

Fiber Length ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Construction Materials ◽

High Strength ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Strength Concrete ◽

Super Plasticizer ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Coconut Fibers

Recently, the addition of natural fibers to high strength concrete (HSC) has been of great interest in the field of construction materials. Compared to artificial fibers, natural fibers are cheap and locally available. Among all natural fibers, coconut fibers have the greatest known toughness. In this work, the mechanical properties of coconut fiber reinforced high strength concrete (CFR-HSC) are explored. Silica fume (10% by mass) and super plasticizer (1% by mass) are also added to the CFR-HSC. The influence of 25 mm-, 50 mm-, and 75 mm-long coconut fibers and 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% contents by mass is investigated. The microstructure of CFR-HSC is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed that CFR-HSC has improved compressive, splitting-tensile, and flexural strengths, and energy absorption and toughness indices compared to HSC. The overall best results are obtained for the CFR-HSC having 50 mm long coconut fibers with 1.5% content by cement mass.

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Mechanical Properties of Mortars Reinforced with Amazon Rainforest Natural Fibers

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14010155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Régis Pamponet da Fonseca ◽

Janaíde Cavalcante Rocha ◽

Malik Cheriaf

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Hot Water ◽

Amazon Rainforest ◽

Hot Water Treatment ◽

Composite Binder ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Reference Samples

The addition of natural fibers used as reinforcement has great appeal in the construction materials industry since natural fibers are cheaper, biodegradable, and easily available. In this work, we analyzed the feasibility of using the fibers of piassava, tucum palm, razor grass, and jute from the Amazon rainforest as reinforcement in mortars, exploiting the mechanical properties of compressive and flexural strength of samples with 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% mass addition of the composite binder (50% Portland cement + 40% metakaolin + 10% fly ash). The mortars were reinforced with untreated (natural) and treated (hot water treatment, hornification, 8% NaOH solution, and hybridization) fibers, submitted to two types of curing (submerged in water, and inflated with CO2 in a pressurized autoclave) for 28 days. Mortars without fibers were used as a reference. For the durability study, the samples were submitted to 20 drying/wetting cycles. The fibers improved the flexural strength of the mortars and prevented the abrupt rupture of the samples, in contrast to the fragile behavior of the reference samples. The autoclave cure increased the compressive strength of the piassava and tucum palm samples with 4.5% of fibers.

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Frost Heaving Soil Road Use Synthetic Adhesive Reinforcement Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.759 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 740 ◽

pp. 759-762

Author(s):

Hao Zeng Bao

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Reference Value ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Road Construction ◽

Experimental Methods ◽

Frost Heaving ◽

The World ◽

Rock And Soil

In many areas, there are still a development road construction materials, traditionally, often use reinforced concrete, asphalt and other adhesive method to strengthen the low strength of rock and soil anti-freeze expansion coefficient; And now all countries in the world are studying how to use industrial production waste development of new composite materials. One of the most development potential, the production of industrial waste - slime. This paper USES the Russian kazan national construction university experimental methods, in the experiment to improve frost heaving soil physical and mechanical properties of the method for the synthesis of adhesive, based on the feasibility and applicability, environmental assessment of research and analysis, for the use of adhesive put forward a lot of reference value.

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Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.964.115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 964 ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽

Hosta Ardhyananta ◽

Amaliya Rasyida ◽

Feisha Fadila Rifki

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction Material ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Particulate Composites ◽

Water Absorbability

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.

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High-Density Fiberboard from Wood and Keratin Fibers: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Current Materials Science ◽

10.2174/2666145414666210906152353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Menandro N. Acda

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

High Volume ◽

High Density ◽

Wood Fibers ◽

Solid Waste Disposal ◽

Renewable Materials ◽

Polyurethane Resin ◽

Keratin Fibers

Background: High-density fiberboards (HDF) are widely used as a substitute for solid wood in furniture, cabinet, construction materials, etc. Wood fibers are often used in the production of HDF but the use of renewable materials has gained worldwide interest brought about by global pressure to pursue sustainable development. An abundant source of renewable fibers that can be used to produce HDF is keratin from waste chicken feathers. The goal of the study is to investigate the use of keratin fibers in combination with wood fibers to produce HDF. No or limited studies have been conducted in this area and if successful, it could offer an alternative utilization for the billions of kilograms of waste feather produced by the poultry industry. HDF is a high volume feather utilization that can reduce pollution and help solve solid waste disposal problems in many countries. Methods: A series of dry-formed HDFs containing varying ratios of wood and keratin fibers bonded by polyurethane resin were produced. The physical and mechanical properties of the HDFs were determined. Results : The properties of the HDFs were affected by varying ratios of wood particles and keratin fibers. Dimensional stability as indicated by low levels of thickness swelling (<4.6%) and water absorption (<10%) was observed. Internal bond (2.47 MPa), MOE (5.8 GPa) and MOR (45 MPa) values were higher or comparable to those reported in the literature. Conclusion: HDF formed using a combination of wood and keratin fibers bonded together by polyurethane resin to as much as 50% keratin fibers were dimensionally stable with stiffness and strength above the minimum requirements for general use HDF as prescribed by EN 622-5.

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Fifty years of progress in ice engineering

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000215852 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. 78-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lorne W. Gold

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bearing Capacity ◽

Thermal State ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Ice Formation ◽

The Past ◽

Atmospheric Icing ◽

Ice Forces

AbstractThe literature reporting scientific and engineering investigations on ice has grown rapidly in the past 50 years, and increased by a factor of at least ten in the past 20 years. A review is presented of advances in engineering for ice problems during this period, including ice formation in rivers, lakes, and oceans; ice forces on structures; bearing capacity of ice covers; and atmospheric icing. The difficulties faced by engineers due to the unique physical and mechanical properties of ice and its normal thermal state are emphasized.

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Performance of lightweight mortar reinforced with doum palm fiber

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998320975196 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002199832097519

Author(s):

Fatma Naiiri ◽

Allègue Lamis ◽

Salem Mehdi ◽

Zitoune Redouane ◽

Zidi Mondher

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Cement Mortar ◽

Low Cost ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Palm Fiber ◽

And Control

Natural fibers are increasingly used in composites because of their low cost and good mechanical properties. Cement reinforced with natural fibersis contemplates as a new generation of construction materials with superior mechanical and thermal performance. This study of three sizes’effect of Doum palm fiber explores the mortar’s behavior reinforced with different fiber ratio. The aim is to determine the optimal addition to improve mechanical and thermal properties of natural fiber reinforced cements. Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of composite are examined. Tensile properties of Doum fibers are verified to determine their potential as reinforced material. Findings prove that the use of alkali-treated Doum fiber as reinforcement in cement mortar composite leads to the upgrading of the mechanical properties including thermo-physical properties against composites reinforced with raw fibers and control cement mortars. While, the compression and flexural strength of the cement mortar reinforced with alkali-treated Doum fiber with diameter 0.3 mm (CT3) are metered to be 11.11 MPa, 5.22 MPa, respectively for fiber content 0.5%. Additionally, based on thermo-physical tests, it is assessed that the thermal conductivity and diffusivity decrease for cement mortar reinforced with Doum fiber with diameter 0.2 mm (CT2).

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Modeling of Building Materials as Complex Systems

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.412 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 730 ◽

pp. 412-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Irina Garkina ◽

Alexander Danilov ◽

Yuri Skachkov

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Complex System ◽

Differential Equation ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Time Series ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Damping Properties

We considered the problems of mathematical modeling of composite materials in the example of the development of materials for the protection against ionizing radiation. Construction materials are provided as a complex system with the appropriate attributes. The structure and physico-mechanical properties of the material were determined by the results of the modeling of kinetic processes. Process of forming properties is described by the differential equation in deviations from the equilibrium state (as for dispersion system). It is taken into account the elastic and damping properties of the material. To predict the behavior of the building material and the formation of his private mathematical models are used a representation of the processes as of time series. It is given the algorithm for studies (with considering prehistory) of formation of the basic physical and mechanical properties of epoxy composites for radiation protection. We present an example of the identification of building materials with special properties. Approaches used effectively in the development of materials with special properties.

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Nonconventional Materials (NOCMAT) for Ecological and Sustainable Development

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2016.613 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (53) ◽

pp. 3553-3564 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khosrow Ghavami ◽

Arash Azadeh

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Human Life ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Vegetable Fibers ◽

The People ◽

Important Challenge

ABSTRACTFour decades of advanced research about Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies (NOCMAT) such as bamboo and composites reinforced with natural fibers have shown that it is now possible to produce and use high performance NOCMAT. Bamboo and composites reinforced with vegetable fibers are capable, meeting most engineering demand in terms of strength, stiffness, toughness and energy absorption capability. The greatest challenge of the 21st century is the need for cost-effective, durable and eco-friendly construction materials that will meet the global needs of infrastructure regeneration and rehabilitation which alone can enhance the quality of life for all the people of the world. This paper summarizes some results of judicious combination of different matrix reinforced with vegetable fibers, especially bamboo. These sustainable ecological materials are strong, ductile and capable of absorbing large amounts of energy. They could find extensive applications in the engineering particularly in developing countries. Specifically, the development of durable composites reinforced with vegetable fibers and bamboo poses an important challenge to the science and skills of engineering. This challenge could create the most useful, eco-friendly construction materials backed by an endless supply of renewable natural resources. In addition the paper presents results of some ongoing research concerning bamboo and how vegetable fibers such as hemp plant, before the invention of Nylon was the most used materials in all aspects of human life around the globe and why it was banned.

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