scholarly journals Determination of Oxidized Lipids in Commonly Consumed Foods and a Preliminary Analysis of Their Binding Affinity to PPARγ

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Joanna Skinner ◽  
Payal Arora ◽  
Nicole McMath ◽  
Meera Penumetcha
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidized Lipids ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Peroxide Values ◽  
First Time

Foods rich in poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are vulnerable to oxidation. While it is well established that endogenously derived oxidized lipids are ligands of the transcription factor PPARγ, the binding ability of diet-derived oxidized lipids is unknown. Our two-fold objective was to determine the oxidized lipid content and PPARγ binding ability of commonly consumed foods. Extracted food lipids were assayed for the peroxide value, conjugated dienes, and aldehydes, and PPARγ binding was assessed by an in vitro PPARγ ligand screening assay. Oxidized lipids were present in all foods tested at the time of purchase, and oxidation did not increase during storage. The peroxide values for walnuts, sunflower seeds, and flax meal were significantly lower at the end of three months as compared to the day of purchase (peroxide value: 1.26 ± 0.13 vs. 2.32 ± 0.4; 1.65 ± 0.23 vs. 2.08 ± 0.09; 3.07 ± 0.22 vs. 9.94 ± 0.75 mEq/kg fat, p ≤ 0.05, respectively). Lipids extracted from French fries had the highest binding affinity (50.87 ± 11.76%) to PPARγ compared to other foods. Our work demonstrates that oxidized lipids are present in commonly consumed foods when purchased, and for the first time demonstrates that some contain ligands of PPARγ.

Carbon dots derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum for intracellular determination of Fe3+ and bioimaging both in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Shengting Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Zheng ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Fusobacterium nucleatum has been employed for the first time to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots which could be applied for the determination of Fe3+ ions in living cells and bioimaging in vitro and in vivo with excellent biocompatibility.

scholarly journals In vitro biological activity of Hydroclathrus clathratus and its use as an extracellular bioreductant for silver nanoparticle formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghad R. Alzahrani ◽  
Manal M. Alkhulaifi ◽  
Nouf M. Al-Enazi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydroclathrus Clathratus ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe adaptive nature of algae results in producing unique chemical components that are gaining attention due to their efficiency in many fields and abundance. In this study, we screened the phytochemicals from the brown alga Hydroclathrus clathratus and tested its ability to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) extracellularly for the first time. Lastly, we investigated its biological activity against a variety of bacteria. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The biological efficacy of AgNPs was tested against eighteen different bacteria, including seven multidrug-resistant bacteria. Phytochemical screening of the alga revealed the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, sugars, carboxylic acid derivatives, triterpenoids, steroids, and other components. Formed AgNPs were stable and ranged in size between 7 and 83 nm and presented a variety of shapes. Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and MDR A. baumannii were the most affected among the bacteria. The biofilm formation and development assay presented a noteworthy activity against MRSA, with an inhibition percentage of 99%. Acknowledging the future of nano-antibiotics encourages scientists to explore and enhance their potency, notably if they were obtained using green, rapid, and efficient methods.

The photo comet assay—A fast screening assay for the determination of photogenotoxicity in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 632 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Struwe ◽  
Karl-Otto Greulich ◽  
Willi Suter ◽  
Ulla Plappert-Helbig
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Fast Screening

scholarly journals Development and validation of a method for the determination of the specific activity of recombinant monoclonal antibody eculizumab

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
D. I. Zybin ◽  
A. S. Seregin ◽  
A. D. Askretkov ◽  
N. V. Orlova ◽  
Yu. A. Seregin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
First Time

Objectives. Developing reliable and accurate analytical methods is necessary for comparative pharmaceutical analysis using physicochemical, biological (in vitro), preclinical, and clinical trials. The main objective of this study was to develop and validate an in vitro method for determining the specific activity of the recombinant monoclonal antibody eculizumab.Methods. The method of indirect enzyme immunoassay was used in the study.Results. A method for determining the specific activity of the humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody eculizumab was described and validated for the first time. A comparative evaluation of the specific activity of Soliris® (Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA), and its biosimilar PRK-001 (Pharmapark, Russia) was performed using the developed method.Conclusions. The similarity of PRK-001 and the original Soliris® in relation to their specific activity, that is, binding to the human complement system C5 protein, was proved. 

scholarly journals Bilangan Peroksida pada Minyak Goreng Penjual Gorengan di Jalan Rajawali Kota Palangka Raya

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Suratno Suratno ◽  
Ronny Victor Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Body ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Peroxide Values ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
High Peroxide ◽  
Fried Snack

A high peroxide value of used vegetable oil can lead to poisoning in the body and various diseases such as diarrhea, fat deposition in blood vessels, cancer and decrease of digestibility of fat and destruction of vitamin E. This study aims to determine the peroxide values in reused cooking oil on fried snack seller on Jalan Rajawali, Palangka Raya. A quantitative descriptive research design was used in this study. Random sampling technique was used to collect the sample � determination of peroxide value using iodometry method. Results show that based on quality requirements, from 14 cooking oil samples there were 78.6% of the samples comply with the peroxide value requirements and 21.4% of the samples did not comply with the peroxide value requirements. Samples which did not adhere to the peroxide value requirements are cooking oil that has been used for more than five repetitions.

scholarly journals Posttranslational events leading to the assembly of photosystem II protein complex: a study using photosynthesis mutants from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
C de Vitry ◽  
J Olive ◽  
D Drapier ◽  
M Recouvreur ◽  
F A Wollman
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Psii Subunits ◽  
Oxygen Evolving

We studied the assembly of photosystem II (PSII) in several mutants from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii which were unable to synthesize either one PSII core subunit (P6 [43 kD], D1, or D2) or one oxygen-evolving enhancer (OEE1 or OEE2) subunit. Synthesis of the PSII subunits was analyzed on electrophoretograms of cells pulse labeled with [14C]acetate. Their accumulation in thylakoid membranes was studied on immunoblots, their chlorophyll-binding ability on nondenaturating gels, their assembly by detergent fractionation, their stability by pulse-chase experiments and determination of in vitro protease sensitivity, and their localization by immunocytochemistry. In Chlamydomonas, the PSII core subunits P5 (47 kD), D1, and D2 are synthesized in a concerted manner while P6 synthesis is independent. P5 and P6 accumulate independently of each other in the stacked membranes. They bind chlorophyll soon after, or concomitantly with, their synthesis and independently of the presence of the other PSII subunits. Resistance to degradation increases step by step: beginning with assembly of P5, D1, and D2, then with binding of P6, and, finally, with binding of the OEE subunits on two independent high affinity sites (one for OEE1 and another for OEE2 to which OEE3 binds). In the absence of PSII cores, the OEE subunits accumulate independently in the thylakoid lumen and bind loosely to the membranes; OEE1 was found on stacked membranes, but OEE2 was found on either stacked or unstacked membranes depending on whether or not P6 was synthesized.

In vitro Simulation of Therapeutic Plasmatic Fibrinolysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Stief ◽  
R. Buinder ◽  
A. Richter ◽  
B. Maisch ◽  
H. Renz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
In Vitro Simulation ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
Chloramine T ◽  
C 50 ◽  
First Time

One type of therapy for thromboembolism is plasmatic thrombolysis. Several plasminogen activators (PA) are clinically available, including urokinase (u-PA), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase (SK), plasminogen-streptokinase-activator-complex (PSAC), or mutants of t-PA such as reteplase (RP) or tenecteplase (TP). Therapeutic plasmatic fibrinolysis was simulated, using the PA at relevant plasma concentrations, and plasmin (Pli) and PA activities were determined. Normal citrated plasma was supplemented with 31 to 1,000 IU/mL u-PA, 0.31 to 20 μg/mL t-PA, 125 to 4,000 IU/mL SK, 12.5 to 400 U/mL PSAC, 125 to 4,000 U/mL RP, or 0.31 to 10,μg/mL TP. Ten IU/mL urokinase was also incubated with pooled plasma of stroke patients, that was previously oxidized with the singlet oxygen (1O2) donor chloramine T® (CT), to destroy plasmatic PAI-1 and a2-antiplasmin. After 0 to 80 minutes (37°C), 50-μL samples were withdrawn and added to 100 μL 1.5 M arginine, pH 8.7, and oxidized with 50 μL of 20 mM CT. For determination of plasmin activity, 10 μL thereof was incubated with 150 μL 1.5 M arginine, pH 8.7, and 100 μL 20 mM CT preoxidized (15 minutes 37°C) pooled normal citrate buffered EDTA-plasma for 30 minutes (37°C). For determination of [PA+Pli]-activity, arginine was added after this incubation. 25-μL 6 mM Val-Leu-Lys-pNA were added and AA/h at room temperature (RT) was monitored, using a microtiterplate reader. [PA+Pli]-Pli = PA. The PA concentration required to induce 25% [ED25] of the maximally inducible Pli-activity in plasma (= 1 U/mL = 45 mg/L = 0.53 Amol/L active Pli; AA = 363 + 8 mA/h RT) after 10 minutes (37°C) were 320 IU/mL u-PA, 8 μg/mL t-PA, 140 U/mL PSAC, 6,000 IU/mL SK, 720 U/mL RP, and approximately 150 μg/mL TP. The approximate activity half-lives of the PA in plasma were 30 minutes for u-PA, 30 minutes for t-PA, greater than 80 minutes for SK, greater than 80 minutes for PSAC, 50 minutes for RP, and 80 minutes for TP. The present study shows-for the first time-a combined kinetic in vitro simulation of the plasmatic activity of six different PAs. At clinically used concentrations, RP induces the highest plasmatic Pli activity. Due to unselective generation of plasmin in plasma, all PA are of some danger in inducing severe hemorrhagias. Clinical thrombolysis might be improved by usage of more physiologic activators of thrombolysis, such as activators of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

227. The rapid determination of peroxide values for the fat in milk powders

1939 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
True Value ◽  
Peroxide Values ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
The Absolute

1. A rapid method for determining the peroxide value of the fat contained in whole milk powders is described.2. As estimated by this method the peroxide value is only about 90% of the true value, but in many researches where the method would be applied, it is the relative rather than the absolute peroxide value which is required. Consequently the disadvantage of a slightly low estimation is far outweighed by the rapidity of the method and the ease and reliability with which it can be performed.

scholarly journals Towards A New Approach for the Description of Cyclo–2,4-Dihydroxybenzoate, A Substance Which Effectively Mimics Zearalenone in Imprinted Polymers Designed for Analyzing Selected Mycotoxins in Urine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch ◽  
Katarzyna Kwaśniewska ◽  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Piotr Skrzyniarz ◽  
Rafał Jakubowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Template Molecule ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
First Time

A method of purifying cyclododecyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate as a potential replacement template molecule for preparation of molecularly-imprinted polymers for isolation of zearalenone in urine was developed. Full physicochemical characteristics of cyclododecyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate for the first time included crystallographic analysis and molecular modelling, which made possible the determination of the similarity between the cyclododecyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate and zearalenone molecules. The obtained molecularly-imprinted polymers show very high in vitro selectivity towards zearalenone due to specific interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, molecular recognition interaction). The achieved extraction recovery exceeds 94% at the tested concentration levels (20–500 ng·mL−1) with a relative standard deviation below 2%. Immunosorbents were found to have lower recoveries (below 92.5%) and RSD value between 2 and 4% for higher concentrations of the studied substance (400 ng·mL−1).

Iodometric Determination of the Peroxide Value of Edible Oils

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Tamar Gutfinger ◽  
Micha Peled ◽  
Arieh Letan
Keyword(s):  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
Peroxide Values

Abstract The results of peroxide value determinations in soybean oils depend on the temperature at which the experiments were carried out. The effect of temperature on the values obtained was more pronounced in oils which contained higher amounts of peroxides. When the determinations were carried out in the presence of air, the peroxide values of fresh and oxidized oils to which Fe3+ (20 ppm) had been added were considerably higher than those which were obtained for the same oils without added Fe3+. In the presence of nitrogen, lower values than expected were obtained for oxidized oils with added Fe3+, whereas values which were obtained for unoxidized oils, with or without Fe3+, were similar.

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