scholarly journals Unauthorized Food Manipulation as a Criminal Offense: Food Authenticity, Legal Frameworks, Analytical Tools and Cases

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2570
Author(s):  
Karlo Jurica ◽  
Irena Brčić Karačonji ◽  
Dario Lasić ◽  
Danijela Bursać Kovačević ◽  
Predrag Putnik
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Food Authenticity ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Criminal Intent ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Analytical Tools

Food fraud is a criminal intent motivated by economic gain to adulterate or misrepresent food ingredients and packaging. The development of a reliable food supply system is at great risk under globalization, but Food Business Operators (FBOs) have a legal obligation to implement and maintain food traceability and quality at all stages of food production, processing, and distribution. Incidents of food fraud have a strong negative impact on consumer confidence in the food industry. Therefore, local and international regulatory mechanisms are established to prevent or mitigate food fraud. This review brings new perspectives linking EU and US legislation, as well as new definitions and descriptions of the criminal aspect of food fraud incidents. It also describes certain new insights into the application of state-of-the-art methods and techniques that provide valuable tools for geographic, botanical, or other chemical markers of food authenticity. The review also provides an overview of the most common cases of food fraud worldwide from 2010 to 2020. Further research is needed to support the development of predictive models for innovative approaches to adulteration, especially when some valuable nutrients are replaced by toxic ingredients. A possible solution to minimize food fraud incidents is to increase the level of risk-based inspections, establish more productive monitoring and implementation of food protection systems in the supply chain, and implement better ingredient control and certification. National and international (e.g., regional) police offices for food fraud should be introduced, possessing knowledge and skills in food, food safety, food processing, and food products, as initial positive results have emerged in some countries.

Psycho-social factors associated with maternal neonaticide

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S583-S583
Author(s):  
T. Amirejibi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
And Coping

Current research presents five case studies of maternal neonaticide in Georgia. Participants were under the age of thirty, with incomplete secondary education, unemployed, dependent on their families’ low income, living in the rural areas of Georgia. In three cases, participants resided with their family of origin. They were not married or in a relationship with the father of the child. They described their families and communities as conservative, holding strong cultural/religious beliefs against premarital sexual relations/childbirth out of wedlock. They lacked problem solving and coping skills, avoided making decisions concerning the pregnancy by concealing it. This being their first pregnancy, they gave birth alone followed by panic and fear of detection, committed neonaticide and hid the body of the infant. None of them had a prior criminal record. In the remaining cases, participants were married, lived with their spouses and children, had financial hardships. Both reported psychological and physical abuse from their spouses. One of them had a prior criminal offense for possessing controlled substances. The motive for neonaticide was an unwanted child due to an extramarital affair and threat of financial abandonment from extended family. In both cases, infants suffered fatal injuries. All participants reported lack of social support and emotional neglect from family members. These results are in line with international research, suggesting that certain patterns among these mothers are shared. Psychosocial factors associated with neonaticide should be utilized in the process of planning and implementing preventive strategies in health, social and legal frameworks.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Редокс-реакція насіння кукурудзи Оржиця 237 МВ на дію гербіцидів

2015 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Ю. В. Лихолат ◽  
Г. С. Россихіна-Галича
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Protection Systems

Висвітлено вплив гербіцидних препаратів на нако-пичення ТБК-активних продуктів, гідропероксидівліпідів і активність супероксиддисмутази (СОД) тапероксидази (ПО) у насінні кукурудзи гібриду Оржиця237МВ. У достигаючому насінні кукурудзи, обробле-ної гербіцидами, виявлено інтенсифікацію перебігуреакцій окиснення ліпідів різної сили та функціону-вання компонентів антиоксидантного захисту (СОД,ПО). Уповільнення накопичення продуктів перокси-дації, відзначене у стиглому насінні, пов’язано з висо-кою активністю супероксиддисмутази, стабільнимфункціонуванням каталази та пероксидази. Наведеневище дає змогу дійти висновку, що за дії гербіцидів унасінні рослин кукурудзи гібриду Оржиця 237МВ упроцесі достигання підвищена здатність до належ-ної активації досліджених ферментних захисних сис-тем та їх функціонування на рівні, який забезпечив бивідновлення і підтримку гомеостазу. Встановлено,що найменша негативна дія спричинена гербіцидами«Харнес», «Майстер» і «Аденго». The paper deals with the effect of herbicidal agents on accumulation of TBA-active products, lipid hydroperoxides and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (PO) in seeds of Orzhytsa 237MV hybrid corn. In the ripening corn seeds treated with herbicides, intensification of the course of reactions of lipid oxidation of the varying degree and functioning of antioxidant protection components (SOD, PО) has been revealed. Slowed accumulation of peroxidation products recorded in ripe seeds is connected with high activity of superoxide dismutase, and stable functioning of catalase and peroxidase. The above leads to the conclusion that the action of herbicides on seeds of plants of Orzhytsa 237MV hybrid corn in their ripening process promotes the ability to proper activation of studied enzymatic protection systems and functioning thereof at the level which would ensure the restoration and maintenance of homeostasis. It is found that Harness, Meister and Adengo herbicides have the least negative impact.

Advances in fingerprint and rapid methods for improved traceability in agri-food supply chains

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Daniel Cozzolino ◽  
◽  
Heather E. Smyth ◽  
Yasmina Sultanbawa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Authenticity ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

Agri-food supply and value chain markets have become increasingly complex due to the changes in consumers demands, the development of complex food standards associated with food safety and quality, advances in technology (e.g. big data, machine learning), and changes in the food industry structure. However, recent issues related to food authenticity, adulteration, fraud, mislabelling, traceability and provenance have added a new dimension to consumers’ concerns, and food industry and regulatory bodies worldwide. The incorporation of sensing technologies combined with data analytics, are determining a paradigm shift in the way food ingredients and foods are both evaluated and monitored. This chapter discusses the utilisation of data analytics and sensing technologies to address issues related with food authenticity, adulteration, fraud, traceability and provenance in the food supply and value chains. In particular, this chapter will focus on the use of rapid analytical methods based in vibrational spectroscopy in combination with data analytics.

Geographical indications, “Food Fraud” and the Fight Against “Italian sounding” Products

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Carreño ◽  
Paolo R. Vergano
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Food producers and consumers are confronted with ever-growing choices and increasing competition within the EU and around the world. This has already led to various cases of food fraud and a call for political and legal action. Food fraud can be defined as ‘‘the deliberate and intentional substitution, addition tampering or misrepresentation of food, food ingredients or food packaging, labelling, product information, or false or misleading statements made about a food product’’. Meanwhile, the issue of “food fraud”, by means of employing names, symbols and images of third countries and thereby inducing a false impression on the consumer, appears to have been neglected despite its increasing economic impact. While the EU recently approved two new Geographical Indications (hereinafter, GIs) from third countries, the issue of the protection of Italian products against “rip–off Italian products” with Italian sounding names has taken centre–stage again.

scholarly journals impact of Covid-19 on chicken broiler farm business in Malang Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Sutraning Nurahmi ◽  
Lili Zalizar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
The Government ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
The Impact

The contagious COVID-19 spreads rapidly worldwide. The pandemic poses risks to multiple sectors of the world economy, including the agricultural and livestock sectors. Despite the economic potential of the broiler farm business, indicated by its increasing broiler population, production, and public consumption, the large-scale social restrictions imposed by the government as an effort to mitigate the pandemic spread has decreased the demand for and supply of broiler meat. This current study is aimed at obtaining an overview of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has on the broiler farm business in Malang Regency. The data of this qualitative descriptive study were collected by means of interviews, personal documentation, and other supporting documents. Sampling was carried out using a stratified random sampling technique as the broiler population was non-homogenous and stratified.The broiler population was divided into two groups: 1) less than 5,000 heads broiler-population; and 2) more than 5,000 heads broiler-population. The study results showed that the negative impact caused by the pandemic on the broiler farm business include declines in the broiler meat selling prices, farmers’ income, and broiler population. The decline in selling prices is caused by the broiler supply demand imbalance and changes in the public consumption patterns during the pandemic, favouring food ingredients with longer durability. The farmers’ income decline occurs as a result of the dropping price of live broilers combined with the extra costs that the farmers have to spend to keep the business operating during the pandemic. Finally, the decline in broiler population takes place because of chick-in cancellation to suppress excess supply at the following harvest period. The broiler population restriction controls are conducted in order to regulate prices at the consumer level.

Climate Security of the Russian Federation: Statistics, Facts, Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
E. N. Yakovleva ◽  
N. N. Yashalova ◽  
V. S. Vasil’tsov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Climatic Risks ◽  
Analytical Tools

This article outlines climate security of the Russian Federation and its regions based on official (state and administrative) statistics and widely used statistical analytical tools. Building on the conceptual authors’ position on possibilities of managing natural and climatic risks and increasing national and regional resilience against negative impact of natural and climatic factors (climatic stability), the article examines system of indicators of «climate intensity» and «energy intensity».The article bases conclusions concerning the decrease of natural and climatic risks to Russian economy in recent years on the results of the conducted analysis. These positive trends are the result of adoption of the 2009 Climate Doctrine. However, growth of economy is still provided generally with use of traditional energy sources - non-renewable minerals. It leads to considerable greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere.The assessment of the regions of Russia by the indicator «GRP energy intensity» allowed to identify territorial entities with the greatest relative impact on the climate due to high energy consumption. The top 10 regions for this indicator include mainly those with developed metallurgy, energy, mining and manufacturing industries. Less than one third of constituent entities of the Russian Federation have energy intensity of the economy below the Russian average.The work justifies the feasibility of statistical accounting of greenhouse gas emissions by region for integrated assessment of climate risks. The results of such an assessment can then be used in the formulation and implementation of national and regional climate policies.

scholarly journals Impacts of climate change on agricultural production in Nepal: Case of Kavre and Jumla districts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
K.S. Pandey ◽  
H. Shrestha ◽  
L.P. Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Impact

The study the analyzed relationship of climate change with agricultural production in Kavre and Jumla districts. The specific objective of the study was to find out the dimension and linkage between agricultural production and climatic parameters in Kavre and Jumla. Time series data were analysed for the study. The data was sourced from the Department of Hydrology Meteorology, Department of Agriculture, and National Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive statistics, linear analysis test and back ward difference filter were the analytical tools used to determine the impact of climate change on productivity. During harvest period, the correlation of rice yield with temperature and rainfall was negative at Kavre but positive at Jumla. Similarly, the correlation of wheat yield with temperature and rainfall was positive at Kavre but negative at Jumla. The result showed that extreme fluctuation in weather caused negative impact on production in Jumla in compared to Kavre districts.

scholarly journals Corporate Criminal Liability Arrangements in the IUS Constituendum

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 585-595
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fajarudin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Corporate Criminal Liability

The development of science and technology and globalization were already unstoppable today, not only have a beneficial impact, but also often have a negative impact for example by the "globalization of crime" and the development of quality (modus of operation) and the quantity of criminal acts. Offenses rife nowadays with regard to the corporate existence of the corporation is a criminal offense that could result in serious and widespread impact, damage the joints of the nation and threatens the stability of the State. Therefore, the law should take back its role in order to create justice and welfare and in handling needed ways remarkable that one of them is to make the corporation as a subject of criminal law that is considered to be committing a crime and can be criminally).

scholarly journals Development of a method for assessing risks of food fraud and food defense as a component of food safety management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Sliva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Safety Management Systems ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Selection Of

The work is devoted to the development and substantiation of the method of identification and assessment of risks of food protection from economically motivated fraud and bioterrorism, taking into account the requirements of international standards for the development and operation of food safety management systems. The purpose of the work is to scientifically substantiate and develop a method of identification and assessment of risks of food protection from economically motivated fraud and bioterrorism, which is based on the concepts of VACCP and TACCP taking into account the requirements of international standards GLOBALG.A.P. and ISO 22000: 2018. Research methods - theoretical and modeling (development of identification method and selection of risk assessment criteria), representative (presentation of the application of the developed method) and diagnostic. The latter tested the possibility of applying the developed method to assess the risks of protecting food products from economically motivated fraud and intentional harm, taking into account the requirements of international standards. Results. A method for identifying and assessing the risks of food protection from economically motivated fraud and intentional harm, taking into account the requirements of international standards, developed criteria and methodology for risk assessment.

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