scholarly journals A Physiological-Based Model for Simulating the Bioavailability and Kinetics of Sulforaphane from Broccoli Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2761
Author(s):  
Quchat Shekarri ◽  
Matthijs Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Personalized Nutrition ◽  
Preliminary Step ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Urine Metabolite

There are no known physiological-based digestion models that depict glucoraphanin (GR) to sulforaphane (SR) conversion and subsequent absorption. The aim of this research was to make a physiological-based digestion model that includes SR formation, both by endogenous myrosinase and gut bacterial enzymes, and to simulate the SR bioavailability. An 18-compartment model (mouth, two stomach, seven small intestine, seven large intestine, and blood compartments) describing transit, reactions and absorption was made. The model, consisting of differential equations, was fit to data from a human intervention study using Mathwork’s Simulink and Matlab software. SR urine metabolite data from participants who consumed different broccoli products were used to estimate several model parameters and validate the model. The products had high, medium, low, and zero myrosinase content. The model’s predicted values fit the experimental values very well. Parity plots showed that the predicted values closely matched experimental values for the high (r2 = 0.95), and low (r2 = 0.93) products, but less so for the medium (r2 = 0.85) and zero (r2 = 0.78) myrosinase products. This is the first physiological-based model to depict the unique bioconversion processes of bioactive SR from broccoli. This model represents a preliminary step in creating a predictive model for the biological effect of SR, which can be used in the growing field of personalized nutrition.

Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for the System Containing Acetic Acid at 101.3kPa

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Xin ◽  
Xu Feng Wang ◽  
Joshua Qing Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Nrtl Model ◽  
Vle Data ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Vapor Liquid Equilibria ◽  
Vapor Liquid

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) data for water + acetic acid, acetic acid + n-pentyl acetate, water + acetic acid + n-pentyl acetate systems have been measured at 101.33 k Pa using a recirculating still. The nonideality of the vapor phase caused by the association of the acetic acid has been corrected by the Hayden-O’Connellmethod. The three experimental binary data have been correlated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. The obtained NRTL model parameters from binary data have been used to predict ternary VLE data. The ternary predicted values obtained in this way agree well with the experimental values.

scholarly journals Modeling of Hydrodynamics in a 25 mm ϕ Pulsed Disk and Doughnut Column

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnish Kumar ◽  
D. Sivakumar ◽  
Shekhar Kumar ◽  
U. Kamachi Mudali
Keyword(s):  
Slip Velocity ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Hydrodynamic Parameters ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

The hydrodynamic parameters, namely, dispersed phase holdup and flooding throughput, have been investigated in 25 mm diameter pulsed disk and doughnut column (PDDC), in no mass transfer conditions. In this work, using existing correlations on plate pulsed columns, the dispersed phase holdup and the flooding throughput are empirically modelled well using the slip velocity concept. A good agreement is observed between experimental values and predicted values obtained from empirical correlation. The experimental data for dispersed phase holdup and flooding throughput has been modelled using the Van Delden model to describe the hydrodynamics characteristics of a PDDC and necessary adjustable parameters for drop size distribution and dispersed phase holdup are updated for 30% TBP-nitric acid system. The model parameters were estimated by minimizing the absolute error between experimental and theoretical values of flooding throughput and holdup data. It was found that the measured values and observed trends could be described accurately using this model after fitting holdup and flooding data. The error between the experimental and theoretical values of flooding throughput and holdup was found to be less than 10%.

Influence of stable iodine on the uptake of the thyroid – model vs. experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wellner ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
K. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stable Iodine

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.

Application of Pregelatinized Meal of Rice and Sorghum in the Preparation of Instant Soups: Centesimal Characterization, Technological, Microbiological and Sensory Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gomes Acg ◽  
Lima Mcpm ◽  
Caliari M ◽  
Alves Dg ◽  
Machado Alb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Due to the technological importance that the extrusion process represents in the application of fast food, the objective of this work was to apply pregelatinized rice and sorghum flours in the development of an instant preparation soup and to evaluate its centesimal, technological, and their sensorial analysis. Ten formulations of the instant soup were prepared from the mixtures experimental design. According to the experimental results, it can be stated that the predicted values corroborated with the experimental values, that is, a mixture was obtained for the instant soup with the characteristics of water absorption, water solubility, color, luminosity and viscosity close to the predicted by the models. After the physical and chemical analysis, the microbiological characterization of the best formulation defined by the desirability test was used, which demonstrated that the product is suitable to microbiological standards. The results obtained showed that the 80:10:10 instant soup formulation of pregelatinized rice flour, pregelatinized sorghum flour and potato starch allowed the experimental development of a new product with good nutritional characteristics benefits. It was obtained a food with good technological characteristics solubility and absorption in water, good viscosity, light color and with good sensory acceptance by the tasters.

Effects of additives on the cure kinetics of vinyl ester pultrusion resins

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110015
Author(s):  
Alexander Vedernikov ◽  
Yaroslav Nasonov ◽  
Roman Korotkov ◽  
Sergey Gusev ◽  
Iskander Akhatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Cure Kinetics ◽  
Zinc Stearate ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Final Degree

Pultrusion is a highly efficient composite manufacturing process. To accurately describe pultrusion, an appropriate model of resin cure kinetics is required. In this study, we investigated cure kinetics modeling of a vinyl ester pultrusion resin (Atlac 430) in the presence of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and zinc stearate (Zn(C18H35O2)2) as processing additives. Herein, four different resin compositions were studied: neat resin composition, composition with Al(OH)3, composition comprising Zn(C18H35O2)2, and composition containing both Al(OH)3 and Zn(C18H35O2)2. To analyze each composition, we performed differential scanning calorimetry at the heating rates of 5, 7.5, and 10 K/min. To characterize the cure kinetics of Atlac 430, 16 kinetic models were tested, and their performances were compared. The model based on the [Formula: see text]th-order autocatalytic reaction demonstrated the best results, with a 4.5% mean squared error (MSE) between the experimental and predicted data. This study proposes a method to reduce the MSE resulting from the simultaneous melting of Zn(C18H35O2)2. We were able to reduce the MSE by approximately 34%. Numerical simulations conducted at different temperatures and pulling speeds demonstrated a significant influence of resin composition on the pultrusion of a flat laminate profile. Simulation results obtained for the 600 mm long die block at different die temperatures (115, 120, 125, and 130 °C) showed that for a resin with a final degree of cure exceeding 95% at the die exit, the maximum difference between the predicted values of pulling speed for a specified set of compositions may exceed 1.7 times.

Thermoelectric Power of the Liquid Sn—Te Alloy

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Kurlat ◽  
M. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Power ◽  
Hard Sphere ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Band Model ◽  
Liquid Alloys ◽  
Sphere Approximation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Two Band Model

The Seebeck coefficient (S) of Sni1-x- Tex liquid alloys was measured as a function of concentration and temperature. For 0 ≦ x <0.45 the behaviour is metallic; S values are small and negative, rising linearly with temperature. The predicted values of Ziman's theory when using the hard sphere approximation disagree with the experimental ones. The change in sign occurs for 0.45. For x = 0.5 (stoichiometric composition) the thermoelectric power decreases linearly with temperature. This fact is explained assuming a two-band model. For x ≧ 0.6 the liquid alloy becomes more semiconducting and presents a maximum in the isotherms of S for x = 0.65. For the excess tellurium concentration range we have calculated the difference EF - EV and γ/kB, assuming a S(1/T) law. The experimental values are compared with those of Dancy and Glazov.

scholarly journals A comparison of the short-term kinetics of zinc metabolism in women during fasting and following a breakfast meal

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola M. Lowe ◽  
Leslie R. Woodhouse ◽  
Janet C. King
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Two Compartment Model ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of

The physiological importance and mechanism of the postprandial fall in plasma Zn concentration is not well understood. In order to gain further information on this apparent redistribution of plasma Zn, a stable isotope, 70Zn, was used to study the effect of a breakfast meal on plasma Zn kinetics. Nine women participated in two trials, a fasting trial and a breakfast-meal trial; five of the women participated in a third trial in which the energy content of the breakfast meal was doubled. At each trial, 0.1mg of 70Zn was infused intravenously, and the plasma disappearance of the isotope was analysed using a two-compartment model of Zn kinetics. Plasma Zn concentration fell significantly following the two trials in which the subjects were given meals, reaching low points that were 13 and 19 %, respectively, below concentrations at comparable times during the fasting trial. Kinetic analysis revealed that after the doubled breakfast meal there was a significant fall (P < 0.007) in the size of the most rapidly turning over Zn pool (pool (a)) from 2.90 (se 0.13)mg in the fasting state to 2.47 (se 0.14) mg postprandially. The fractional turnover rate of pool (a) to other extravascular Zn pools, i.e. outside the two-compartment system, was also significantly elevated after the doubled breakfast meal (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the decline in plasma Zn concentration following a meal is due to a redistribution of Zn from the plasma to other more slowly turning over extravascular pools that may be involved in the assimilation and metabolism of fuels following food intake.

Disposition Kinetics of Disopyramide in Human Healthy Volunteers Described by an Open Three Compartment Model

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bonde ◽  
Niels Melchior Jensen ◽  
Lars E. Pedersen ◽  
Helle R. Angelo ◽  
Seren N. Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Disposition Kinetics ◽  
Three Compartment Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

Determination of Recrystallization Kinetics Model of 30Cr2Ni4MoV Steel Based on Dislocation Density

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Qing Xian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Kinetics Model ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Recrystallization Kinetics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values

A new model to predict the structure evolution of 30Cr2Ni4MoV steel is proposed based on the dislocation density in this research. Hot compression of 30Cr2Ni4MoV steel is carried out on Gleeble 1500 at different temperatures from 1233 K to 1473 K with a strain rate of 0.01 s-1 and the deformed samples are immediately quenched by water to frozen the austenite structure. The recrystallization kinetics model of 30Cr2Ni4MoV steel is successfully established by inverse analysis of the flow curve based on the relation between flow stress and dislocation density. In order to validate the proposed model, comparison between the predicted values and experimental values obtained by metallographic analysis is implemented. It is shown that the predicted results agree with the experimental results well.

scholarly journals Modeling of the adsorption kinetics of zinc onto granular activated carbon and natural zeolite

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 957-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Markovska ◽  
Vera Meshko ◽  
Mirko Marinkovski
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Mass Transfer Resistance ◽  
External Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Kinetics Of

The isotherms and kinetics of zinc adsorption from aqueous solution onto granular activated carbon (GAC) and natural zeolite were studied using an agitated batch adsorber. The maximum adsorption capacities of GAC and natural zeolite towards zinc(II) from Langmuir adsorption isotherms were determined using experimental adsorption equilibrium data. The homogeneous solid diffusion model (HSD-model) combined with external mass transfer resistance was applied to fit the experimental kinetic data. The kinetics simulation study was performed using a computer program based on the proposed mathematical model and developed using gPROMS. As the two-mass transfer resistance approach was applied, two model parameters were fitted during the simulation study. External mass transfer and solid phase diffusion coefficients were obtained to predict the kinetic curves for varying initial Zn(II) concentration at constant agitation speed and constant adsorbent mass. For any particular Zn(II) - adsorbent system, k f was constant, except for the lowest initial concentration, while D s was found to increase with increasing initial Zn(II) concentration.

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