scholarly journals Microbiological Quality and Resistance to an Artificial Gut Environment of Two Probiotic Formulations

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2781
Author(s):  
Diletta Mazzantini ◽  
Francesco Celandroni ◽  
Marco Calvigioni ◽  
Adelaide Panattoni ◽  
Roberto Labella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Acid And Bile Tolerance ◽  
Intestinal Fluids ◽  
Acidic Conditions

The quality control of probiotic products is the focus of numerous organizations worldwide. Several studies have highlighted the poor microbiological quality of many commercial probiotic formulations in terms of the identity of the contained microorganisms, viability, and purity, thus precluding the expected health benefits and representing a potential health risk for consumers. In this paper, we analyzed the contents of two probiotic formulations, one composed of an encapsulated mixture of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and one by a lyophilized yeast. The microorganisms contained in the products were quantified and identified using up-to-date methodologies, such as MALDI-TOF MS and metagenomic analysis. Moreover, as acid and bile tolerance is included among the criteria used to select probiotic microorganisms, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of the formulations in conditions mimicking the harsh gastric environment and the intestinal fluids. Our results indicate the high quality of the formulations in terms of the enumeration and identification of the contained organisms, as well as the absence of contaminants. Moreover, both products tolerated the acidic conditions well, with encapsulation providing further protection for the microorganisms. A good tolerance to the simulated artificial intestinal conditions was also evidenced for both preparations.

scholarly journals Perspectives approach to the assessment of the quality of the vaccine plague live in terms of immunogenicity. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
S. E. Gostischeva ◽  
N. V. Abzaeva ◽  
E. L. Rakitina ◽  
D. G. Ponomarenko ◽  
M. V. Kostuchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Early Activation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Stimulation Of

Research objective–studying of a possibility of application antigen – stimulated cellular in vitro tests and technology of the cytometric analysis for control of immunogene activity of batches of vaccine plague live.Materials and methods.As biomodels used white laboratory mice, immunized commercial medicine of vaccine of the plague NIIEG line, live from a strain of Yersinia pestis EV, in doses – 8 х 102, 4 х 103, 2 х 104 and 1 х 105 of living microbic cells. Blood for a research was taken from intact mice and on 7, 14 and 21 days after immunization. The intensity of an antigenreaktivnost of lymphocytes was defined in cellular in vitro tests, analyzing a marker of early activation (CD45+CD3+CD25+) of lymphocytes with use of the monoclonal antibodies conjugated from fluorokhroma. As specific antigen used a complex of water-soluble antigens of a plague microbe.Results.As a result of a research it is shown that at the animals vaccinated by doses 4 х 103 – 1 х 105 living microbic cells, the highest level of an expression activation marker lymphocytes at anti-gene stimulation of in vitro is registered on 14 days after immunization, at the same time the quantity of CD25 – positive lymphocytes are on average 6.8 times higher, than in control group. High degree of direct link (coefficient of correlation of r = 1,000) quantities of the survived animals with increase in level of lymphocytes, expressiruyushchy markers of early activation – CD25 is established.Conclusions.The offered technique can be used as the additional test when studying degree of immunogenicity of new (kandidatny) vaccines against plague.

scholarly journals Effect of Basil Leaves and Wheat Bran Water Extracts on Antioxidant Capacity, Sensory Properties and Microbiological Quality of Shredded Iceberg Lettuce during Storage

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Sikora ◽  
Urszula Złotek ◽  
Monika Kordowska-Wiater ◽  
Michał Świeca
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antiradical Properties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Trolox Equivalent

The effect of basil leaf (BLE) and wheat bran (WBE) extracts (potent anti-browning agents), on the phenolic content, antioxidant potential, microbiological quality, and consumer quality of shredded lettuce during storage were studied. Treatment of lettuce with increasing concentrations of BLE proportionally increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant properties. Compared to the control, the treatment enhanced the antiradical properties. This was especially visible during the analysis of the chemical extracts, while this effect was not retained in the potentially bioaccessible fraction. In the lettuce stored for 8 days, the highest reducing potential and ability to quench radicals were observed in samples treated with 1% BLE—33 mg Trolox equivalent/g d.m. and 2.8 mg Trolox equivalent/g d.m., respectively. Compounds exhibiting antiradical properties were easily bioaccessible in vitro. There was no negative effect of the treatments on the consumer quality. Most importantly, after 8 days of storage, lettuce treated with the studied extract, except 10% WBE, had higher microbiological quality. After 8-day storage, the coliforms count was reduced by 84% and 88% in samples treated with 0.5% BLE and 10% WBE, respectively. In conclusion, treatments of shredded lettuce with BLE and WBE maintain or even improve its quality during storage.

scholarly journals Point-of-Use Water Treatment Methods and the Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in a Peri-Urban Community of Bonendale, Douala IV, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngouakam H ◽  
◽  
Fru Cho J ◽  
Tientche B ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Dug Wells

Background: The study aimed at assessing the knowledge of Bonendale populations related to safe drinking water; determine the microbiological quality and the household treatment practices of drinking water at the point of use (PoU). Methods: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional, conducted between November 2017 and November 2018 in Bonendale, Douala IV. A systematic random sampling method was used to select 237 households. Results: The main source of drinking water in the study population was dug wells (64.9%). The major activity around the boreholes was agriculture 50% (6/12) while agriculture and livestock rearing were practiced around 34.3% (12/35) and 42.8% (15/35) of dug wells respectively. Nearly half 110 (46.4%) of respondents had a good knowledge of physical properties of drinking water. Fifty-nine water samples out of a total of 60 tested (98.3%) were contaminated by coliform bacteria. Analysis of water samples indicated that 47.6% (10/21) of dug wells, 37.0% (10/27) of Camwater, and 41.2% (5/12) of boreholes had a total coliform count varying between 101-1000 CFU/100mL. And only a single Camwater water sample 1 (137%) had a coliform count of 0 CFU/100mL. Conclusion: These findings indicated the poor microbiological quality of point water used by Bonendale populations representing an important potential health risk of water-borne diseases. The results also reveal that a very high proportion of households treat their PoU before drinking.

A PRELIMINARY IN VITRO BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF PROPHYLACTIC CEMENT AUGMENTATION OF THE THORACOLUMBAR VERTEBRAE

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 1650074 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCA CRISTOFOLINI ◽  
NICOLA BRANDOLINI ◽  
VALENTINA DANESI ◽  
PAOLO ERANI ◽  
MARCO VICECONTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compression ◽  
Cement Augmentation ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Limited Sample Size ◽  
Ultimate Failure ◽  
Biomechanical Evaluation ◽  
Biomechanical Tests

In this paper, the biomechanical effectiveness of prophylactic augmentation in preventing fracture was investigated. In vitro biomechanical tests were performed to assess which factors make prophylactic augmentation effective/ineffective in reducing fracture risk. Nondestructive and destructive in vitro tests were performed on isolated osteoporotic vertebrae. Five sets of three-adjacent-vertebrae were tested. The central vertebra of each triplet was tested in the natural condition (control) non-destructively (axial-compression, torsion) and destructively (axial-compression). The two adjacent vertebrae were first tested nondestructively (axial-compression, torsion) pre-augmentation; prophylactic augmentation (uni- or bi-pedicular access) was then performed delivering 5.04[Formula: see text]mL to 8.44[Formula: see text]mL of acrylic cement by means of a customized device; quality of augmentation was CT-assessed; the augmented vertebrae were re-tested nondestructively (axial-compression, torsion), and eventually loaded to failure (axial-compression). Vertebral stiffness was correlated with the first-failure, but not with ultimate failure. The force and work to ultimate failure in prophylactic-augmented vertebrae was consistently larger than in the controls. However, in some cases the first-failure force and work in the augmented vertebrae were lower than for the controls. To investigate the reasons for such unpredictable results, the correlation with augmentation quality was analyzed. Some augmentation parameters seemed more correlated with mechanical outcome (statistically not-significant due to the limited sample size): uni-pedicular access resulted in a single cement mass, which tended to increase the force and work to first- and ultimate failure. The specimens with the highest strength and toughness also had: at least 25% cement filling, cement mass shifted anteriorly, and cement-endplate contact. These findings seem to confirm that prophylactic augmentation may aid reducing the risk of fracture. However, inadequate augmentation may have detrimental consequences. This study suggests that, to improve the strength of the augmented vertebrae, more attention should be dedicated to the quality of augmentation in terms of amount and position of the injected cement.

scholarly journals VALIDA project: Validation of allergy in vitro diagnostics assays (Tools and recommendations for the assessment of in vitro tests in the diagnosis of allergy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María L. Casas ◽  
Ángel Esteban ◽  
Miguel González-Muñoz ◽  
Moisés Labrador-Horrillo ◽  
Mariona Pascal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Patient ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin E ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn vitro allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) detection and quantification tests are routinely performed in clinical laboratories to diagnose patients with a suspected allergy. Numerous commercial assays are available to test for allergies, but the results can vary widely, thereby influencing both diagnosis and treatment. Given the challenges posed by differences in the various assays for in vitro determination of specific IgE, a group of experts has compiled in a document a series of recommendations on the implications that the use of a certain in vitro technique may have and the impact on the management of the allergic patient that the differences between the various techniques represent. The reading and analysis of this consensus document will help to understand the implications of the change of in vitro diagnostic method in the management of the patient with allergy, in the quality of life and in the socioeconomic costs associated with the disease.

scholarly journals Use of phenolic compounds from cocoa pod-husks (Theobroma cacao L.) as inhibitors of Salmonella spp. in fresh cheese produced in Manabí, Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 9715-9722
Author(s):  
Stalin Santacruz ◽  
Pablo Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa pod-husk is a by-product of cocoa processing, underutilized despite its phenolic compounds that can be an alternative to preserve the microbiological quality of food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds from the cocoa pod-husk against Salmonella  spp, which is commonly found in fresh cheese produced in Manabí, Ecuador; as well as the effect on the sensory characteristics of cheese after immersion in a solution of phenolic compounds. In vitro microbiological analyzes of the inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds, showed that the concentrations 1 and 1.5% had the highest zone of inhibition against Salmonella spp., with mean diameters of 10.67 and 11.8 mm, respectively. On the other hand, the growth curve of Salmonella spp. indicated that 2 h were required for complete inhibition of bacteria by phenolic compounds at concentrations of 1 and 1.5%. For the sensory analyzes of cheese treated with phenolic compounds, 56.3% of the panelists accredited the firmness and odor with “I like it”, while 37.5% of the panelists qualified the color of the cheese with “I neither like nor dislike”. Firmness and odor had higher values of acceptance than color. For 25 and 12.5% of the panelists, firmness and odor were rated as “I like it a lot”, respectively, and 56.3% of the panelists conferred the label of “I like it” to both attributes. Cheese color was the lowest rated attribute, given that 12.5% of the panelists chose “I like it a lot” and 25% for “I like it”.

scholarly journals QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF PARACETAMOL TABLETS IN YEMENI MARKET

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmajed Alsaifi ◽  
Ali Alyahawi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Dissolution Test ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Health Practitioners

Paracetamol or acetaminophen is active metabolites of phenacitin. It is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic. Chemically, it is 4-hydroxy acetanilide (acetaminophen). Paracetamol is approved for reducing fever in people of all ages. It is commonly used for the relief of headaches, other minor aches and pains, and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies. Many different brands and dosage forms of paracetamol are available in Yemeni market that places health practitioners in a dilemma of drug substitution in case of non-availability of a particular brand. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality control of four brands of paracetamol tablets (500 mg) marketed and commonly prescribed in Yemeni market. The results and findings of the present study will be interpreted and discussed. Four brands of paracetamol tablets (500 mg) were purchased from the retail pharmacy outlets and their pharmaceutical quality were assessed by using in-vitro tests according to USP and BP standards and unofficial standards as recommended by the manufacturers. The assessment of tablets included the evaluation of uniformity of weight, hardens, friability, disintegration time, dissolution test as well as assay content by UV spectrophotometric method. All brands passed USP and BP standards in- vitro quality control tests prescribed for the tablets except hardens test but all  products were satisfactory for hardness. The results indicated that the overall quality of all tested paracetamol tablets brands was satisfactory as they met the requirements of the official and unofficial quality control tests.  

Hyperconcentrated (Dry) Versus Standard Platelet Apheresis: An In Vitro Quality Study.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4175-4175
Author(s):  
Cesare Perotti ◽  
Paola Bergamaschi ◽  
Gianluca Viarengo ◽  
Claudia Del Fante ◽  
Laura Bellotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Component ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Storage Lesion ◽  
Gentle Agitation ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Abstract Introduction: Platelet concentrates (PC) collected by apheresis are effective in supporting deeply thrombocytopenic patients. The reduced risk of multiple allogeneic exposure and transmissible infectious diseases together with the high WBC depletion and diminished transfusion reactions are the main advantages offered by PC transfusion. At moment, the availability of several synthetic solutions for platelets storage permits to prepare hyperconcentrate(dry) apheresis platelets with the advantage of reducing febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions and, in low body weight patients the citrate toxicity, without the necessity of further manipulations. The aim of this study was to test the quality of 20 dry platelets (DP) in comparison to 20 standard plateletpheresis (SP) concentrates. Materials and methods: A total of 40 apheresis procedures were performed by the single-needle Cobe Trima separation device (Gambro BCT, Lakewood, CO, USA) collecting either DP or SP concentrates. Within 1h after collection, the bag containing DP was added with the appropriate amount (70% of DP final volume) of synthetic solution for platelets storage (SSP, MacoPharma). Both DP and SP concentrates were stored at room temperature with gentle agitation for 4 days. For both concentrates, platelet yield was calculated and in vitro studies of membrane glycoproteins expression and aggregation at day +1 and day +4 were carried out. Results: The comparison between 20 DP and 20 SP concentrates in terms of ability to aggregate in vitro and membrane glycoproteins expression at day +1 and day +4 of storage is reported in table A and B respectively. Conclusions: The in vitro tests documented a major activation of dry platelets. In particular, the ability to aggregate was reduced in the 20 DP concentrates analised and this phenomenon was more evident at day +4 of storage. The alteration of membrane glycoproteins expression (markers of storage lesion) confirms the lower in vitro quality of DP concentrates. The effectiveness of this new blood component in vivo should be evaluated in a controlled clinical trial. Table A. At collection Day +1 Day +4 SP DP SP DP SP DP Collagen μg/ml 4 93 88 97 82 80 53 ADP 10 μM 32 11 24 16 16 5 Ristocetin 1.5 mg/ml 91 97 77 81 71 52 Collagen 10 μg/ml + Adrenaline 10 μM 98 95 93 94 93 80 ADP 10 μM + Adrenaline 10 μM 87 72 76 61 57 30 Table B. At collection Day +1 Day +4 SP DP SP DP SP DP GPIb alfa (MFI) 5.06 5.75 6.31 6.13 5.26 4.54 GPIIb-IIIa (MFI) 35.47 36.71 34.61 37.7 31.76 40.9 GP IV (MFI) 11.49 11.4 11.67 10.28 11.65 11.38 GP 53 24.23 27.11 21.74 25.91 21.46 31.84 GMP 140 21.79 29.29 22.65 30.38 20.58 34.89

scholarly journals Hygienic-sanitary quality of Minas fresh cheese sold in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo Mariz Queiroz ◽  
Bruna Fernanda Rossi ◽  
Ivana Giovannetti Castilho ◽  
Vera Lucia Mores Rall
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Expiration Date ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

ABSTRACT: The Minas fresh cheese is a fresh and moist cheese and, therefore, has a short shelf-life. The use of raw milk as the main feedstock, the absence of ripening and the facility of contamination are factors that can compromise the product’s microbiological quality. The aim of this study was to describe the hygienic-sanitary quality of 50 Minas fresh cheeses marketed in Botucatu city, São Paulo, Brazil, close to their production date, and another 50 units from the same lot exactly on the expiration date, according to the Brazilian Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). We also searched for enterotoxins genes in Staphylococcus aureus and its in vitro expression. In 36% of the first analyzed samples, the count of coliforms at 45ºC was above the limit and, as for the second analysis, 44%. Regarding coagulase positive staphylococci, 10 (20%) samples showed concentration above the permitted by law next to the production date and 14% on the expiration date. Salmonella was only observed in one sample analyzed near the date of production, while L. monocytogenes only in one sample analyzed on the expiration day. We isolated three enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus that produced Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C (SEC) in vitro, highlighting the importance of proper storage of this product due to its potential to cause intoxication. Overall, the quality of Minas fresh cheese is still unsatisfactory, leading to risks to consumers’ health.

scholarly journals Effect of thermal and in vitro fungicide treatments on pathogens of the genus Fusarium associated with maize seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
Natalia Piñeros-Guerrero ◽  
Germán Maldonado-Archila ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Seedling Length

Stalk rot in maize plants is commonly associated with manyspecies of the genus Fusarium. This disease affects the seedbedand the establishment of maize crops because of seedscontaminated with different pathogens of this genus. Maizecrops in the Ubate Valley, in the province of Cundinamarca,are currently infected by this disease, which reduces the yieldand final quality of the maize seeds. This research evaluatedthe effects of thermal and fungicide treatments on pathogensof the genus Fusarium associated with maize seeds. Seeds weretreated at 50°C, 55°C and 60°C with dry heat and hot water. Mycelial colonization of seeds, germination percentage, seedling length, and fresh weight were evaluated as variables. In in vitro tests, the fungicides fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M, tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin, prochloraz + difenoconazole and carboxin + captan were evaluated at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 the commercial dose on the radial growth and conidial germination of Fusarium subglutinans and Fusarium graminearum isolates. The most effective heat treatments on Fusarium colonization of maize seeds were obtained with the two heat sources at 55°C without a significant reduction in the percentage of germination and seedling length and fresh weight. Commercial doses of theevaluated fungicides completely inhibited the radial growthof F. graminearum and only commercial doses of carboxin +captan and prochloraz + difenoconazole completely inhibited F. subglutinans growth. Germination inhibition of F. subglutinansand F. graminearum conidia was found with fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M at the three evaluated doses.

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