scholarly journals Fipronil and Fipronil Sulfone Distribution in Chicken Feathers and Eggs after Oral and Dermal Exposure

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3077
Author(s):  
Francesco Corrias ◽  
Alessandro Atzei ◽  
Riccardo Taddeo ◽  
Nicola Arru ◽  
Mattia Casula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Modified Quechers ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Natural Farming ◽  
Dermal Administration

This work aimed to investigate the bio-distribution and the persistence of fipronil and its primary metabolite fipronil sulfone after oral and dermal administration by simulating natural farming conditions. Fipronil and fipronil sulfone detection and quantification were performed in different poultry matrices using an LC-MS/MS method coupled with modified QuEChERS extraction. After oral administration, fipronil was detected in feathers at each sampling time, in eggs for 28 days, and in the internal organs at the end of the experiment. After dermal administration, high levels of fipronil were detected in feathers, accounting for 195.85 ± 8.54 mg/kg, which were reduced by a third after 60 days. No traces of fipronil were detected in the eggs or internal organs. In addition, fipronil sulfone showed remarkable residues in all samples in trial 2. The data obtained confirmed that inappropriate use of unauthorized pesticides can lead to severe contamination of entire poultry farms. The contemporary presence of fipronil sulfone in feathers and eggs associated with the lack of fipronil in eggs suggests recent dermal contamination or past oral contamination. Moreover, simultaneous analysis of hens’ feathers and eggs could represent a new method to improve large-scale monitoring programs and animal welfare, limiting their slaughter.

Effects of Untreated Pig Manure and Slurry on the Accumulation of Soil NH4+-N and NO3--N in Large-Scale Pig Farm

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1061-1065
Author(s):  
Cai Yan Lu ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Shao Jun Wang ◽  
Ming Fen Niu ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Soil Inorganic

The amount of soil inorganic N declined significantly with increasing of sampling depth and sampling time (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N by 76.0% and 156.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure increased significantly the amount of soil NH4+-N by 33.7%, however, application of untreated pig slurry decreased remarkably that of soil NH4+-N by 7.4% (P < 0.001). Application of untreated pig manure and pig slurry increased significantly the amount of soil NO3--N by 86.9% and 198.0%, respectively compared with CK, (P < 0.001). Soil NO3--N accounted for the majority of soil inorganic N irrespective of fertilization treatment or sampling time, its percent were 80.13%, 84.27% and 92.63% in the CK, pig manure and pig slurry treatments, respectively. This result indicated that application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N, especially soil NO3--N, which occurred the potential risk of nitrate pollution.

LINGUISTIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TERM "ROAD MAP"

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
NATAL’YA M. KOLOKOLOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Road Map

The paper refers to the lexical meaning of the term "road map", which initially had a geographical and cartographic meaning, as a result of the calculated translation of the economic term roadmap into Russian, gained popularity in the administrative activities of institutions. The comparative research conducted in Russian and English is supported by large-scale sociological probing, the results of which prove the inappropriate use of this term in the professional and everyday life of the Russian-speaking population.

scholarly journals Effects of large-scale poultry farms on aquatic microbial communities: A molecular investigation

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Ringbauer ◽  
Joseph B. James ◽  
Fred J. Genthner
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Farms

The effects of large-scale poultry production operations on water quality and human health are largely unknown. Poultry litter is frequently applied as fertilizer to agricultural lands adjacent to large poultry farms. Run-off from the land introduces a variety of stressors into the surface waters including nutrients, antimicrobials and pathogenic bacteria. The Delaware, Maryland and Virginia (Delmarva) Peninsula has the highest concentration of broiler chickens per farm acre in the United States and provides an ideal location for studying the effects of stressors from poultry farms. We investigated potential effects by characterizing shifts in the structure of aquatic bacterial communities. DNA was isolated from microorganisms in water samples from streams and rivers at varying distances from, or having different frequencies of, litter applications. Fingerprints of 16S rDNA amplicons from bacteria in water samples collected during late summer 2001 to late spring 2002 were produced by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A statistical analysis of multiple fingerprints from each sampling location demonstrated that each site harboured a bacterial community significantly different from the communities at other sites. Similarly, the bacterial communities from each sampling time differed significantly from communities at other sampling times. Most importantly, a competitive, library-based analysis showed time of sampling (month) had a greater effect on community structure than did location.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Resistance in Enterococcus Isolates From Poultry Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Krystyna Cybulska ◽  
Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the drug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from different types of poultry waste. The study material consisted of feather samples (duck, turkey, chicken), sludge and centrifuge sediment, originating from three poultry farms. The study was conducted in two stages; isolation and identification of Enterococcus bacteria from the waste and evaluation of their drug resistance using Kirby-Bauer method. Contamination of the poultry waste with Enterococcus isolates included E. faecium species (79 %) and E. faecalis (21 %). The most contaminated were sludge and sediment from the centrifuge as well as chicken feathers, irrespective of the place and time of sampling. Tested isolates showed multiple resistance and similar reaction to all antibiotics used in the study and E. faecalis strain was more resistant. Enterococcus isolates showed the highest resistance to streptogramins, carbapenems, fluoroquinones, aminoglycosides and penicillins, and the lowest for nitrofurantions and phenicols.

Lower prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella on large-scale U.S. conventional poultry farms that transitioned to organic practices

2014 ◽  
Vol 476-477 ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Sapkota ◽  
Erinna L. Kinney ◽  
Ashish George ◽  
R. Michael Hulet ◽  
Raul Cruz-Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Poultry Farms

scholarly journals Influence of New Compound Disinfectant From N-Dodecyl-2-(Piridin-1-Ium)Acetamide Chloride on Pathogenic Microorganisms in Poultry Houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannan Chen ◽  
Pingwei Qin ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Hairuo Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Pathological Effect ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Antiviral Activities

With the development of large-scale and intensive poultry farming, environmental disinfection has become particularly important, and the effectiveness of disinfection depends upon the performance of the disinfectants. Quaternate ammonium salt is a group of positively charged polyatomic ions with both antibacterial and antiviral activities. In order to prepare an ideal disinfectant for poultry farms, we combined a quaternate ammonium salt N-dodecyl-2-(piridin-1-ium)acetamide chloride with two other disinfectants (chlorhexidine acetate and glutaraldehyde), respectively. The antimicrobial activity, mutagenicity, and safety of the compound disinfectants were assessed by the European Standard methods using ATCC strains and clinical isolates. The results showed that both compound disinfectants meet the requirements of microbial reduction, and their effectiveness was not affected by organic matter. Quaternary ammonium disinfectant resistance genes were not detected in the strains tested indicating that bacteria are less likely to develop resistance to these compound disinfectants. Ames test showed that there was no detectable mutagenicity in the strains treated with the compound disinfectants. In vivo experiment showed that both compound disinfectants did not have significant pathological effect in mice. The bactericidal effect of the compound disinfectants was not significantly different among strains of different sources (p&gt;0.05). Clinical tests showed that compound disinfectant had a good bactericidal effect on the air and ground of poultry farms. These results show that quaternary ammonium salts in combination with other compounds can enhance the bactericidal effect and can be used safely in poultry feedlots. This study provides a technical reference for the development of a new quaternate ammonium compound disinfectant with strong disinfection effect and low irritation.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a miniaturized host range screening assay for bacteriophages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Nicole Ng ◽  
Lucinda Jean Grey ◽  
Andrew Vaitekenas ◽  
Samantha Abagail McLean ◽  
Daniel Rodolfo Laucirica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Development And Validation

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis, partly contributed by inappropriate use of antibiotics. The increasing emergence of multidrug resistant infections has led to the resurgent interest in bacteriophages as an alternative treatment. Current procedures assessing susceptibility and breadth of host range to bacteriophage are conducted using large-scale manual processes that are labor-intensive. The aim here was to establish and validate a scaled down methodology for high-throughput screening in order to reduce procedural footprint. Bacteriophages were isolated from wastewater samples and screened for specificity against 29 clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and PA01 using a spot test (2 μL/ drop). Host range assessment was performed on four representative P. aeruginosa isolates using both double agar overlay assay on petri dishes and 24-well culture plates. The breadth of host range of bacteriophages that exhibited lytic activity on P. aeruginosa isolates were corroborated between the current standard practice of whole plate phage assay and 24-well phage assay. The high correlation achieved in this study confirms miniaturization as the first step in future automation that could test phage diversity and efficacy as antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Impact of Composting Methods on Nitrogen Retention and Losses during Dairy Manure Composting

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Liu ◽  
Zhu ◽  
Wang ◽  
Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Fecal Waste

Currently, composting is one of the most effective methods for treating fecal waste on large-scale livestock and poultry farms, but the quality effects of different composting methods are different. In this study, we implemented four composting methods, including farmer compost (FC), anaerobic compost (AnC), mixed compost (MC), and aerobic compost (AC), to study the effects of different composting methods on nitrogen (N) losses while composting dairy manure. Our results showed that the germination indexes (GIs) of three of the composting treatments (AnC, MC, and AC) exceeded 80%, which met the maturity requirements for composted products. Ammonia (NH3) emissions were the main contributor to nitrogen losses, while accumulated nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions accounted for the lowest proportion of nitrogen losses. The cumulative N losses via the leachate of the AC treatment were the lowest and accounted for 0.38% of the initial total nitrogen (TN). The accumulated N losses of the AC, FC, AnC, and MC treatments accounted for 13.13% 15.98%, 15.08%, and 19.75%, respectively, of the initial TN. Overall, the AC method significantly reduced N losses via leachates, further reducing TN losses. This observation suggests that AC might be an appropriate method for highly efficient nitrogen management during dairy manure composting.

Assessment of Economic Impact Caused by Poultry Coccidiosis in Small and Large Scale Poultry Farms in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safari M. Kinung`hi . ◽  
Getachew Tilahun . ◽  
Hafez M. Hafez . ◽  
Moges Woldemeskel . ◽  
Moses Kyule . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Poultry Coccidiosis

scholarly journals Disposal and disinfection of organic waste of poultry farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Yury I. Sukharev ◽  
◽  
Inna Yu. Apalikova ◽  
Vitaly O. Apalikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Industrial Installation ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Almost All

Huge amounts of litter for a number of reasons, accumulated near poultry farms, have become the object of close attention of environmental and Supervisory authorities. Almost all poultry farms of the Russian Federation were in a difficult environmental situation, as the accumulated bird droppings has become a serious source of environmental pollution, because for the disposal of such volumes of bird droppings poultry farms today do not have even the simplest sets of equipment. The emerging negative trend can lead in the very near future to an ecological disaster of farms with unpredictable negative consequences for the inhabitants of settlements, to the death of flora and fauna not only of poultry, but also of neighboring territories, it is quite possible the emergence of infectious and invasive diseases in humans, animals and birds. Chelyabinsk region is famous all over Russia for its livestock enterprises, one of the main directions of which is poultry farming. The region is one of the main suppliers of poultry products to the nearby regions of the country. With large-scale breeding of chickens, a large amount of food waste is formed, the leading of which is chicken manure. The paper presents nanotechnology reception processing of a chicken dung, based on experimental data, the destruction of the eggs of Giardia, opistorhoz, ascarids in the Indus-Tserovani stochastic resonance nanocluster current splashes, with the passage of the organic colloidal system between carbon and graphite electrodes. The paper presents a project of a semi-industrial installation for the disinfection of chicken manure, followed by its use as an effective collodic agricultural fertilizer without the use of heat treatment.

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