Valorization of Tomato Surplus and Waste Fractions: A Case Study Using Norway, Belgium, Poland, and Turkey as Examples

There is a large potential in Europe for valorization in the vegetable food supply chain. For example, there is occasionally overproduction of tomatoes for fresh consumption, and a fraction of the production is unsuited for fresh consumption sale (unacceptable color, shape, maturity, lesions, etc.). In countries where the facilities and infrastructure for tomato processing is lacking, these tomatoes are normally destroyed, used as landfilling or animal feed, and represent an economic loss for producers and negative environmental impact. Likewise, there is also a potential in the tomato processing industry to valorize side streams and reduce waste. The present paper provides an overview of tomato production in Europe and the strategies employed for processing and valorization of tomato side streams and waste fractions. Special emphasis is put on the four tomato-producing countries Norway, Belgium, Poland, and Turkey. These countries are very different regards for example their climatic preconditions for tomato production and volumes produced, and represent the extremes among European tomato producing countries. Postharvest treatments and applications for optimized harvest time and improved storage for premium raw material quality are discussed, as well as novel, sustainable processing technologies for minimum waste and side stream valorization. Preservation and enrichment of lycopene, the primary health promoting agent and sales argument, is reviewed in detail. The European volume of tomato postharvest wastage is estimated at >3 million metric tons per year. Together, the optimization of harvesting time and preprocessing storage conditions and sustainable food processing technologies, coupled with stabilization and valorization of processing by-products and side streams, can significantly contribute to the valorization of this underutilized biomass.

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Spruce Galactoglucomannan-Stabilized Emulsions Enhance Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9050672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 672

Author(s):

Hongbo Zhao ◽

Kirsi S. Mikkonen ◽

Petri O. Kilpeläinen ◽

Mari I. Lehtonen

Keyword(s):

Functional Foods ◽

Public Awareness ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Future Health ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Processing Technologies ◽

Future Health Care ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Bioactive Ingredients

The increasing public awareness of health and sustainability has prompted the development of functional foods rich in health-promoting ingredients. Processing technologies and sustainable multifunctional ingredients are needed for structuring these formulations. Spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM), the main hemicelluloses in softwood cell walls, are an abundantly available, emerging sustainable food hydrocolloid that have the ability to efficiently emulsify and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. In this study, we illustrate how this lignocellulosic stabilizer affects the digestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vitro. A 100% decrease in the initial TAG content was observed during the in vitro digestion, suggesting that complete hydrolysis of the TAGs was achieved by the digestive enzymes. Besides, no release of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides or phenolic compounds from GGM was detected. Our results demonstrate that the GGM-stabilized emulsion could potentially deliver lipophilic bioactive ingredients and enhance their bioaccessibility. In addition, this bio-stabilizer itself would remain stable in the upper gastrointestinal track and serve as a prebiotic for gut microbiota. We anticipate GGM to complement or even replace many of the conventional carriers of bioactive components in future health care products and functional foods.

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The Influence of Temperature, Storage Conditions, pH, and Ionic Strength on the Antioxidant Activity and Color Parameters of Rowan Berry Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26133786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 3786

Author(s):

Elena Cristea ◽

Aliona Ghendov-Mosanu ◽

Antoanela Patras ◽

Carmen Socaciu ◽

Adela Pintea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ionic Strength ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Raw Material ◽

Thermal Treatments ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Berry Extracts

Recent trends in the food industry combined with novel methods in agriculture could transform rowan into a valuable raw material with potential technological applications. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the content of bioactive compounds in its fruits and to assess the color and antioxidant stability of the extracts prepared from such fruits during various thermal treatments and at different pH and ionic strength values. Various spectrophotometric methods, HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis were used to quantify the concentrations of bioactive compounds—polyphenols, carotenoids, organic acids, and to assess antioxidant activity and color. The results show that rowan berries contain circa 1.34–1.47 g/100 g of polyphenols among which include catechin, epicatechin, ferulic acid methyl ester, procyanidin B1, etc.; ca 21.65 mg/100 g of carotenoids including zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, all-trans-β-carotene, and various organic acids such as malic, citric, and succinic, which result in a high antioxidant activity of 5.8 mmol TE/100 g. Results also showed that antioxidant activity exhibited high stability when the extract was subjected to various thermal treatments, pHs, and ionic strengths, while color was mainly impacted negatively when a temperature of 100 °C was employed. This data confirms the technological potential of this traditional, yet often overlooked species.

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Plant-based fructans for increased animal welfare: provision processes and remaining challenges

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-021-01473-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Zimmermann ◽

C. Visscher ◽

M. Kaltschmitt

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Animal Feed ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Well Being ◽

Glycosidic Bonds ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Branched Structure ◽

Stimulation Of

AbstractFructans are carbohydrates consisting of fructose monomers linked by β-2,1- and/or β-2,6-glycosidic bonds with linear or branched structure. These carbohydrates belong to the group of prebiotic dietary fibre with health-promoting potential for humans and mammals due to their indigestibility and selective stimulation of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. This makes fructans interesting mainly for healthy food as well as animal feed applications. As a consequence of a growing public awareness for animal welfare, dietary fibre and thus fructans move into the focus as a fibre-rich feeding improving not only animals’ health but also their well-being. Against this background, this paper summarises the known effects of fructans focusing on pigs and highlights the state of the art in fructan production processes from plant material as well as selected current research lines. Additionally, an attempt is made to assess the potential of European fructan production for an application as animal feed. Based on this, challenges in the field of fructan production are addressed and alternative substrates for fructans are discussed and pointed out.

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Evaluation of Innovative Dried Purée from Jerusalem Artichoke—In Vitro Studies of Its Physicochemical and Health-Promoting Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2644

Author(s):

Jan Oszmiański ◽

Sabina Lachowicz ◽

Paulina Nowicka ◽

Paweł Rubiński ◽

Tomasz Cebulak

Keyword(s):

Freeze Drying ◽

Jerusalem Artichoke ◽

Polyphenolic Compounds ◽

Raw Material ◽

Vacuum Drying ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Drying Method ◽

Activity Inhibition ◽

Health Promoting

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Jerusalem artichoke processing methods and drying methods (freeze drying, sublimation drying, vacuum drying) on the basic physicochemical parameters, profiles and contents of sugars and polyphenolic compounds, and health-promoting properties (antioxidant activity, inhibition of the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase) of the produced purée. A total of 25 polyphenolic compounds belonging to hydroxycinnamic phenolic acids (LC-PDA-MS-QTof) were detected in Jerusalem artichoke purée. Their average content in the raw material was at 820 mg/100 g dm (UPLC-PDA-FL) and was 2.7 times higher than in the cooked material. The chemical composition and the health-promoting value of the purées were affected by the drying method, with the most beneficial values of the evaluated parameters obtained upon freeze drying. Vacuum drying could offer an alternative to freeze drying, as both methods ensured relatively comparable values of the assessed parameters.

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Determination of optimum animal feed raw material order allocation

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/713/1/012001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 713 (1) ◽

pp. 012001

Author(s):

D Wahyuni ◽

M T Sembiring ◽

I Budiman ◽

T Utari ◽

C D N Silaen

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Material ◽

Order Allocation

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Polyphenols: Natural Antioxidants to Be Used as a Quality Tool in Wine Authenticity

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10175908 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 5908 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandros Tzachristas ◽

Konstantina Pasvanka ◽

Antony Calokerinos ◽

Charalampos Proestos

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Diverse Group ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Wine Authentication ◽

Subsequent Storage ◽

Quality Tool

Polyphenols are a diverse group of compounds possessing various health-promoting properties that are of utmost importance for many wine sensory attributes. Apart from genetic and environmental parameters, the implementation of specific oenological practices as well as the subsequent storage conditions deeply affect the content and nature of the polyphenols present in wine. However, polyphenols are effectively employed in authenticity studies. Provision of authentic wines to the market has always been a prerequisite meaning that the declarations on the wine label should mirror the composition and provenance of this intriguing product. Nonetheless, multiple cases of intentional or unintentional wine mislabeling have been recorded alarming wine consumers who demand for strict controls safeguarding wine authenticity. The emergence of novel platforms employing instrumentation of exceptional selectivity and sensitivity along with the use of advanced chemometrics such as NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance)- and MS (mass spectrometry)-based metabolomics is considered as a powerful asset towards wine authentication.

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Processing Technologies and Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes To Improve Nutritional Value of Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles for Animal Feed: an in Vitro Digestion Study

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf4019855 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (37) ◽

pp. 8821-8828 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sonja de Vries ◽

Annemieke M. Pustjens ◽

Mirjam A. Kabel ◽

Sergio Salazar-Villanea ◽

Wouter H. Hendriks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Animal Feed ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽

Processing Technologies ◽

Degrading Enzymes ◽

Distillers Grain ◽

Dried Distillers Grain

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Feasibility of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0889189300008407 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 2-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N.C. Wagner ◽

S. Ramaswamy ◽

U. Tschirner

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cereal Straw ◽

Industrial Utilization ◽

Industrial Use ◽

On Farm ◽

And Storage

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.

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