scholarly journals Effects of Roselle Extract, Potato Peel Flour, and Beef Fat on the Formation of HCA of Beef Patties Studied by Response Surface Methodology

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Anna Judith Pérez-Báez ◽  
Martin Valenzuela-Melendres ◽  
Juan Pedro Camou ◽  
Gustavo González-Aguilar ◽  
Manuel Viuda-Martos
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Heterocyclic Amines ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Beef Patties ◽  
Optimal Formula

Heterocyclic amines (HCA) are compounds formed by heating meat at a high temperature. Formation of HCA in meat products should be minimized by applying different approaches. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of roselle extract (RE, 0%–1%), potato peel flour (PP, 0%–2%), and beef fat (BF, 0%–15%) on the formation of HCA in beef patties using response surface methodology. IQx, IQ, MeIQx, MeIQ, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and PhIP were identified and quantified by HPLC. Values from 0 to 18.09 ng IQx, 0.20 to 11.66 ng IQ, 0.29 to 3.93 ng MeIQx, 0.19 to 11.51 ng MeIQ, 0.65 to 1.72 ng 4,8-DiMeIQx, and 1.87 to 14.7 ng PhIP per gram of sample were obtained. All models were significant (p < 0.05), with no lack of fit (p > 0.05) and showed a determination coefficient >0.70. Roselle extract had a negative linear effect on the formation of the total HCA, while PP and BF had a positive quadratic effect. The optimal formula that minimizes the formation of HCA included 0.80% RE, 0.85% PP, and 7.54% BF. Roselle extract and potato peel are foods that can be used as ingredients to minimize the formation of HCA in beef patties.

scholarly journals Modelling the Effects of Roselle Extract, Potato Peel Flour, and Beef Fat on the Sensory Properties and Heterocyclic Amines Formation of Beef Patties Studied by Using Response Surface Methodology

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Anna Judith Pérez-Báez ◽  
Martin Valenzuela-Melendres ◽  
Juan Pedro Camou ◽  
Gustavo González-Aguilar ◽  
Orlando Tortoledo-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Heterocyclic Amines ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Beef Patties ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are compounds with carcinogenic potential formed during high-temperature processing of meat and meat products. Vegetables or their extracts with high antioxidant capacity can be incorporated into the meat matrix to reduce their formation, but it is necessary to find the optimal levels to achieve maximum inhibition without affecting the sensory properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of roselle extract (RE, 0–1%), potato peel flour (PP, 0–2%), and beef fat (BF, 0–15%) on the sensory properties and formation of HCAs in beef patties using response surface methodology. IQx, IQ, MeIQx, MeIQ, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and PhIP were identified and quantified by HPLC. Regression models were developed to predict sensory properties and HCAs’ formation. All models were significant (p < 0.05) and showed a R2 > 0.70. Roselle extract and beef fat had a negative linear effect on the formation of the total HCAs, while PP had a positive linear effect. The optimal formula that minimizes the formation of HCAs included 0.63% RE, 0.99% PP, and 11.96% BF. RE and PP are foods that can be used as ingredients in low-fat beef patties to minimize the formation of HCAs without affecting their sensory properties.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Acidogenic Fermentation of Cellobiose by Immobilized Cells: Prediction of Organic Acids Production by Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Panagiota Tsafrakidou ◽  
Konstantina Tsigkou ◽  
Argyro Bekatorou ◽  
Maria Kanellaki ◽  
Athanasios A. Koutinas
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Acidogenic Fermentation ◽  
Initial Ph

Response surface methodology was used to derive a prediction model for organic acids production by anaerobic acidogenic fermentation of cellobiose, using a mixed culture immobilized on γ-alumina. Three parameters (substrate concentration, temperature, and initial pH) were evaluated. In order to determine the limits of the parameters, preliminary experiments at 37 °C were conducted using substrates of various cellobiose concentrations and pH values. Cellobiose was used as a model sugar for subsequent experiments with lignocellulosic biomass. The culture was well adapted to cellobiose by successive subculturing at 37 °C in synthetic media (with 100:5:1 COD:N:P ratio). The experimental data of successive batch fermentations were fitted into a polynomial model for the total organic acids concentration in order to derive a predictive model that could be utilized as a tool to predict fermentation results when lignocellulosic biomass is used as a substrate. The quadratic effect of temperature was the most significant, followed by the quadratic effect of initial pH and the linear effect of cellobiose concentration. The results corroborated the validity and effectiveness of the model.

Effects and interactions of roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), potato peel flour, and beef fat on quality characteristics of beef patties studied by response surface methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Judith Pérez‐Báez ◽  
Juan Pedro Camou ◽  
Martín Valenzuela‐Melendres ◽  
Gustavo González‐Aguilar ◽  
Manuel Viuda‐Martos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Beef Patties

scholarly journals OPTIMASI RESPON PADA PERCOBAAN FAKTORIAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PERMUKAAN RESPON

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Falin Tristanti Ayu ◽  
Izzati Rahmi HG ◽  
Yudiantri Asdi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Central Composite

Metode Permukaan Respon atau Response Surface Methodology adalah gabungan dari teknik matematika dan statistika yang digunakan dalam pemodelan dan analisis dimana respon yang diamati dipengaruhi oleh sejumlah variabel. Metode permukaan respon digunakan untuk mencari taraf-taraf peubah bebas yang dapat mengoptimalkan respon. Dengan metode ini dapat diketahui model empirik yang menyatakan hubungan antara variabel-variabel independen dengan variabel respon, serta dapat diketahui nilai variabel-variabel independen yang menyebabkan nilai variabel respon menjadi optimal. Eksperimen dengan metode permukaan respon dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu eksperimen tahap I dan eksperimen tahap II. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan pada eksperimen tahap I adalah desain faktorial dua level sedangkan desain eksperimen yang digunakan pada eksperimen tahap II adalah Central Composite Design (CCD). Tahapan dalam metode permukaan respon pada intinya yaitu mencari fungsi aproksimasi yang menyatakan hubungan antara variabel independen dengan variabel respon, mengestimasi parameter-parameter dari fungsi aproksimasi yang diperoleh dengan metode kuadrat terkecil dan selanjutnya dilakukan analisis pengepasan permukaan. Karakteristik permukaan respon digunakan untuk menentukan apakah jenis titik stasionernya maksimum, minimum atau titik pelana. Prosedur pengujian yang dilakukan dalam metode permukaan respon diantaranya uji kesesuaian model regresi (lack of fit), uji parameter regresi secara serentak dan pengujian asumsi residual.Kata Kunci: Desain eksperimen, Metode Permukaan Respon (Response Surface Methodology), Two Level Factorial Design, Central Composite Design (CCD)

scholarly journals Utilization of agro-industrial by-products as substrates for dextransucrase production by leuconostoc mesenteroides T3: Process optimization using response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
Miona Miljkovic ◽  
Sladjana Davidovic ◽  
Aleksandra Djukic-Vukovic ◽  
Mila Ilic ◽  
Milica Simovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
By Products ◽  
Environmental Relevance

Dextransucrase (DS) is a glucosyltransferase (E. C. 2.4.1.5) that catalyzes the transfer of glucosyl residues from sucrose to dextran polymer and liberates fructose. This enzyme is associated with a wide application range of dextran and oligosaccharides. DS production by Leuconostoc mesenteroides T3 was optimized using a Central Composite Design under the Response Surface Methodology. Three variables were chosen for optimization: distillery stillage, sucrose and manganese concentration. The results showed that sucrose and manganese concentrations had a positive linear effect on DS production while all variable interactions (stillage-manganese, stillage-sucrose, and sucrose-manganese) had significant influences on the DS production. The maximal DS yield of 3.391?0.131 U cm-3, was obtained in the medium with 64.33 % distillery stillage concentration, 5.30 % sucrose concentration and 0.022 % manganese concentration. Our study revealed the potential of distillery stillage combined with sugar beet molasses, supplemented with sucrose and manganese to be employed as a valuable medium growth for lactic acid bacteria and production of DS. Also, taking into consideration the origin of the substrates, utilization of industrial by-products in this way has a great environmental relevance and is in accordance with circular economy.

scholarly journals Modeling the effect of dammar additions on the mass loss response of soy wax/beeswax/dammar blends via response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1192 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
S I S Shaharuddin ◽  
N B A Aziz ◽  
N Bacho ◽  
N K M Khairussaleh ◽  
A Tumian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Wax Removal

Abstract The wax used in the batik industry plays a significant role as its composition dictates the ease of wax rendering, dye layering, and wax removal process. This study aims to evaluate the effect of dammar additions on soy wax/beeswax blends based on the mass loss (%) of the wax-covered cotton fabric in 100°C water. Central composite design (CCD), a subset of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop a response model (Y: mass loss %) for three independent variables (X1:beeswax, X2:soy wax, X3:dammar). The final quadratic response model obtained (F value =5.43, lack of fit F value = 4.70, adequate precision = 7.65) was proposed in this study. ANOVA analysis showed that the standard error of design was relatively small, ranging between 0.43 to 1.18 for the design space. It was deduced from the response model, that increasing the dammar content in the soy wax/beeswax blends increases the mass loss (%), possibly due to the compositional inhomogeneity of the blends. The result of this study shows great potentials in formulating new soy wax-based compositions that produce varying degrees of ease of wax removal for the batik industry.

scholarly journals Optimasi Sintesis Asam Lemak Etanolamida Berbasis Minyak Ketapang Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Lilik Indriani ◽  
Erin Ryantin Gunawan ◽  
Dedy Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
P Value ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Lack Of Fit

Telah dilakukan optimasi sintesis asam lemak etanolamida berbasis minyak ketapang (Terminalia catappa L) menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Asam lemak etanolamida adalah surfaktan yang banyak dibutuhkan pada industri farmasi. Sintesis asam lemak etanolamida dilakukan dengan mereaksikan minyak ketapang dan etanolamina sebagai substrat menggunakan katalis Lipozyme TL.IM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati interaksi antar variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi optimum dan hasil reaksi. Beberapa variabel yang dimaksud yaitu waktu reaksi, suhu reaksi, molar rasio substrat dan jumlah enzim. Metode RSM yang digunakan terdapat dalam perangkat lunak Design Expert v.7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model untuk mendapatkan kondisi yang optimal adalah model quadratic (p-value 0.0048/signifikan), lack of fit (p-value 0.3827 /non signifikan) dan nilai R-squared sebesar 0,7953. Kondisi optimum yang dihasilkan yaitu waktu reaksi 1,50 jam, suhu reaksi 38,10 °C, molar ratio minyak : etanolamina (1 : 20,52) gram/mol dan jumlah enzim 0.16 gram dengan prediksi dan aktual persen hasil asam lemak etanolamida secara berturut-turut sebesar 60,02 dan 64,00 %.

scholarly journals Optimasi Ekstraksi Pati Jagung Madura-3 Berdasarkan Lama Perendaman dan Konsentrasi NaOH

Rekayasa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Mojiono Mojiono ◽  
Diana Nurus Sholehah
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Preliminary Research

Produksi jagung di Madura memberikan andil besar terhadap total produksi jagung di Jawa Timur. Di tingkat nasional, BPS menunjukkan bahwa produksi jagung di Jawa Timur mencapai 6 juta ton, berkontribusi sebesar 31.3%, atau hampir sepertiga dari total produksi jagung nasional. Produksi jagung yang besar seharusnya didukung dengan kesiapan teknologi produksi untuk mengolahnya menjadi aneka produk turunan, seperti pati. Pati jagung adalah bahan strategis karena digunakan di berbagai sektor, khususnya pangan. Studi ini dilakukan untuk optimasi proses ekstraksi pati jagung Madura-3. Teknik optimasi dilakukan menggunakan desain rancangan d-optimal pada Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Kondisi optimasi meliputi lama perendaman (X1) dan konsentrasi NaOH (X2), dengan rentang sebagai berikut: X1 (12 jam – 36 jam) dan X2 (0.05 – 0.5%). Hasil uji statistik memperlihatkan bahwa model yang berhasil dikonstruksi dinyatakan signifikan, ditunjukkan dengan F value sebesar 7.30, dan Prob lebih dari F sebesar 0.0075 (P kurang dari 0.05). Selain itu, lack of fit adalah 0.45, memperlihatkan bahwa parameter ini tidak signifikan. Lack of fit yang tidak signifikan memang diinginkan. Selain itu, nilai adequate precision dari model mencapai 7.469 (diinginkan lebih dari 4.0) Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum dapat dicapai pada kondisi X1 = 36 jam dan X2 = 0.05%. Kondisi optimum ini diprediksi mampu menghasilkan nilai rendemen 5.29%, dengan nilai desirability 0.719. Extraction of Madura-3 corn starch by optimizing soaking time and NaOH concentrationCorn production in Madura showed a tremendous contribution to total production in the Province of East Java. Noticeably, the province was recorded to yield 6 million tons of corn, responsible for approximately 31.3% of domestic production in 2018, as reported by BPS-Statistics. For this reason, there is a need for developing technology that enables to convert the corn into other valuable products, such as starch. Corn starch is essential material since it is applied in copious sectors mainly including food and pharmacy. This present work aimed at optimizing conditions for isolating starch of Madura-3 corn carried out using d-optimal design in Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The variables included soaking time (X1) and concentration of NaOH (X2), arranged as follows: X1 (12 – 36 h) and X2 (0.05 – 0.5%) according to preliminary research. The results demonstrated that the model constructed from data was significant, resulting in an F value of 7.30 and Prob more than F of 0.0075 (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, the statistical analysis showed a lack of fit at 0.45, which means that it was insignificance, which is favorable for this experiment.  In addition, adequate precision of the constructed model was achieved at 7.469 (more than 4.0). Based on the statistical evaluation, the optimum condition for starch isolation was found at X1 = 36 h and X2 = 0.05%, which was predicted to yield starch at 5.29% with the desirability value of 0.719.

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