scholarly journals A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Volvariella volvacea Identified the Candidate Genes Involved in Fast Growth at the Mycelial Growth Stage

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Ting Yu ◽  
Puneet Kumar Singh ◽  
Qinjian Liu ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Straw Mushroom

The edible straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea, is one of the most important cultivated mushrooms in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Strain improvement for V. volvacea is difficult because of the unknown mechanisms involved in its growth regulation and substrate utilization. A comparative physiological and transcriptomic study was conducted between two commercially available straw mushroom strains (v9 and v26) to explore their fast-growth regulation mechanism(s). The physiological study showed that V. volvacea v9 had a shorter growth cycle and higher biological efficiency (4% higher) than that in v26. At least 14,556 unigenes were obtained from the four cDNA libraries (two replicates per strain). Among them, the expression of 1597 unigenes was up-regulated while 1352 were down-regulated. Four heat-shock proteins were highly expressed in v9, showing that v9 has the better ability to handle stresses and/or environmental changes. Moreover, up to 14 putative transporter genes were expressed at a higher level in v9 than those in v26, implying that v9 has a better ability to transport nutrients or export xenobiotics efficiently. Our report allows to identify the candidate genes involved in the fast growth requirement of V. volvacea, which represents a valuable resource for strain improvement in this commercially important edible mushroom.

scholarly journals Culturable bacterial abundance in Volvariella volvacea cultivation medium and characterization of its bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Masrukhin Masrukhin ◽  
Iwan Saskiawan
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Straw Mushroom

Straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) is one of the popular edible fungi in Indonesia. Previous researches showed the correlation among the type of substrate, substrate quality, and its composting process to the microbial community, yield, and biological efficiency. The aim of the research is to analyze the culturable bacteria abundance in straw mushroom cultivation medium, characterize the bacteria in several stages of mushroom cultivation and investigate the interaction between V. volvacea with its resident bacteria. Samples were taken from mushroom farmers in Subang and Karawang regencies, Indonesia. The materials for cultivation medium are the mixture of cotton and paddy straw and the pasteurization was performed at 65-70°C for 7 hours. The result shows the abundance of the bacteria in most of the cultivation stages is relatively similar i.e. 108 CFU/g, except in 15 days after inoculation (DAI), the bacterial abundance is lower i.e.6.24 x 107 CFU/g. Twenty-five isolates were obtained and Gram-positive bacteria is the dominant bacteria found in the cultivation medium, especially rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria. According to co-culture assay there are nine isolates that decrease the growth rate and clearly inhibit mycelial growth. The other 10 isolates have lower inhibitory activity, and 6 isolates have no inhibitory activity to the mycelial growth. C38 isolates have the highest mycelial growth inhibition. It belongs to rod-shaped Gram positive group of bacteria which isolated from the early stage of V. volvacea cultivation medium (5 DAI).

scholarly journals The role of endogenous enzyme from straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) in improving taste and volatile flavor characteristics of Cantonese sausage

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 112627
Author(s):  
Xuping Wang ◽  
Pengfei Zhou ◽  
Jingrong Cheng ◽  
Huaigu Yang ◽  
Jinhao Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Volatile Flavor ◽  
Straw Mushroom

Cardiovascular active substances from the straw mushroom,Volvariella volvacea

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Chiu ◽  
A. H. W. Lam ◽  
P. K. T. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Straw Mushroom ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals Combined Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome Identified Candidate Genes Involved in Phenolic Acid Biosynthesis in the Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weida Lin ◽  
Yueling Li ◽  
Qiuwei Lu ◽  
Hongfei Lu ◽  
Junmin Li
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cyclocarya Paliurus ◽  
Helix Loop Helix

To assess changes of metabolite content and regulation mechanism of the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway at different developmental stages of leaves, this study performed a combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis of Cyclocarya paliurus leaves at different developmental stages. Metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer and high-throughput RNA sequencing, respectively. Transcriptome identification showed that 58 genes were involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acid. Among them, 10 differentially expressed genes were detected between every two developmental stages. Identification and quantification of metabolites indicated that 14 metabolites were located in the phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Among them, eight differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between every two developmental stages. Association analysis between metabolome and transcriptome showed that six differentially expressed structural genes were significantly positively correlated with metabolite accumulation and showed similar expression trends. A total of 128 transcription factors were identified that may be involved in the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis; these include 12 MYBs and 10 basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors. A regulatory network of the phenolic acid biosynthesis was established to visualize differentially expressed candidate genes that are involved in the accumulation of metabolites with significant differences. The results of this study contribute to the further understanding of phenolic acid biosynthesis during the development of leaves of C. paliurus.

scholarly journals Analysis of Light- and Carbon-Specific Transcriptomes Implicates a Class of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Cellulose Sensing

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Stappler ◽  
Christoph Dattenböck ◽  
Doris Tisch ◽  
Monika Schmoll
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Surface Sensing ◽  
Single Carbon Source ◽  
Specific Regulation

ABSTRACT In fungi, most metabolic processes are subject to regulation by light. For Trichoderma reesei, light-dependent regulation of cellulase gene expression is specifically shown. Therefore, we intended to unravel the relationship between regulation of enzymes by the carbon source and regulation of enzymes by light. Our two-dimensional analysis included inducing and repressing carbon sources which we used to compare light-specific regulation to dark-specific regulation and to rule out effects specific for a single carbon source. We found close connections with respect to gene regulation as well as significant differences in dealing with carbon in the environment in light and darkness. Moreover, our analyses showed an intricate regulation mechanism for substrate degradation potentially involving surface sensing and provide a basis for knowledge-based screening for strain improvement. In fungi, most metabolic processes are subject to regulation by light. Trichoderma reesei is adapted to degradation of plant cell walls and regulates production of the required enzymes in a manner dependent on the nutrient source and the light status. Here we investigated the interrelated relevance of two regulation levels of the transcriptome of T. reesei: light regulation and carbon source-dependent control. We show that the carbon source (cellulose, lactose, sophorose, glucose, or glycerol) is the major source of variation, with light having a modulating effect on transcript regulation. A total of 907 genes were regulated under cellulase-inducing conditions in light, and 947 genes were regulated in darkness, with 530 genes overlapping (1,324 in total). Only 218 of the 1,324 induction-specific genes were independent of light and not regulated by the BLR1, BLR2, and ENV1 photoreceptors. Analysis of the genomic distribution of genes regulated by light upon growth on cellulose revealed considerable overlap of light-regulated clusters with induction-specific clusters and carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) clusters. Further, we found evidence for the operation of a sensing mechanism for solid cellulosic substrates, with regulation of genes such as swo1, cip1, and cip2 or of genes encoding hydrophobins which is related to the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent regulatory output of ENV1. We identified class XIII G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) CSG1 and CSG2 in T. reesei as putative cellulose/glucose-sensing GPCRs. Our data indicate that the cellulase regulation pathway is bipartite, comprising a section corresponding to transcriptional regulation and one corresponding to posttranscriptional regulation, with the two connected by the function of CSG1. IMPORTANCE In fungi, most metabolic processes are subject to regulation by light. For Trichoderma reesei, light-dependent regulation of cellulase gene expression is specifically shown. Therefore, we intended to unravel the relationship between regulation of enzymes by the carbon source and regulation of enzymes by light. Our two-dimensional analysis included inducing and repressing carbon sources which we used to compare light-specific regulation to dark-specific regulation and to rule out effects specific for a single carbon source. We found close connections with respect to gene regulation as well as significant differences in dealing with carbon in the environment in light and darkness. Moreover, our analyses showed an intricate regulation mechanism for substrate degradation potentially involving surface sensing and provide a basis for knowledge-based screening for strain improvement.

scholarly journals Small GTPases and Stress Responses of vvran1 in the Straw Mushroom Volvariella volvacea

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Yan ◽  
Bin Xie ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Shao-Jie Li ◽  
Arend van Peer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Straw Mushroom

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis and differential gene expression profiling of two contrasting quinoa genotypes in response to salt stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pibiao Shi ◽  
Minfeng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Regulation Mechanism

Abstract Background Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that affect crop growth and yield, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. Quinoa is considered as one of the most promising crops in the future for its high nutrition value and strong adaptability to extreme weather and soil conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive response to salinity stress of quinoa remain poorly understood. To identify candidate genes related to salt tolerance, we performed reference-guided assembly and compared the gene expression in roots treated with 300 mM NaCl for 0, 0.5, 2, and 24 h of two contrasting quinoa genotypes differing in salt tolerance. Results The salt-tolerant (ST) genotype displayed higher seed germination rate and plant survival rate, and stronger seedling growth potential as well than the salt-sensitive (SS) genotype under salt stress. An average of 38,510,203 high-quality clean reads were generated. Significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were identified to deeper understand the differential response. Transcriptome analysis indicated that salt-responsive genes in quinoa were mainly related to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and metabolic pathways. Moreover, several pathways were significantly enriched amongst the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ST genotypes, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. One hundred seventeen DEGs were common to various stages of both genotypes, identified as core salt-responsive genes, including some transcription factor members, like MYB, WRKY and NAC, and some plant hormone signal transduction related genes, like PYL, PP2C and TIFY10A, which play an important role in the adaptation to salt conditions of this species. The expression patterns of 21 DEGs were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and confirmed the reliability of the RNA-Seq results. Conclusions We identified candidate genes involved in salt tolerance in quinoa, as well as some DEGs exclusively expressed in ST genotype. The DEGs common to both genotypes under salt stress may be the key genes for quinoa to adapt to salinity environment. These candidate genes regulate salt tolerance primarily by participating in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, protein kinases biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and other important biological processes. These findings provide theoretical basis for further understanding the regulation mechanism underlying salt tolerance network of quinoa, as well establish foundation for improving its tolerance to salinity in future breeding programs.

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