scholarly journals Complex Exercise Improves Anti-Inflammatory and Anabolic Effects in Osteoarthritis-Induced Sarcopenia in Elderly Women

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Jaeyong Park ◽  
Jongjin Bae ◽  
Jungchul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the effects of a 15-week complex exercise program on osteoarthritis and sarcopenia by analyzing anabolic effects and the impact on the activities of daily living (ADLs). Nineteen women aged ≥60 years with sarcopenia (SEG, n = 9) or diagnosed with osteoarthritis with sarcopenia (OSEG, n = 10) were enrolled and underwent an exercise program. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), irisin, myostatin, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) levels were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. Thigh cross-sectional area (TCSA) was measured pre- and post-intervention via computed tomography. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPBB) were assessed pre- and post-interventions to assess ADL. There was a significant interaction effect between SEG and OSEG at the IGF-1 level post-intervention. Irisin increased and myostatin decreased post-intervention in both groups. IL-10 increased and TNF-α decreased post-intervention with a significant interaction effect in the OSEG group. TCSAs increased post-intervention in both groups. There was a significant interaction between the two groups. OSEG showed a greater WOMAC decrease and SPPB increase post-intervention, and there was a significant interaction effect. Combined exercise may be effective in improving biochemical factors, anabolic effects, and ADL in elderly women with osteoarthritis and sarcopenia.

The Impact of Amyloid-β or Tau on Cognitive Change in the Presence of Severe Cerebrovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-585
Author(s):  
Hyemin Jang ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
Yeong Sim Choe ◽  
Soo-Jong Kim ◽  
Seongbeom Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
The Impact

Background: As Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) commonly coexist, the interaction between two has been of the considerable interest. Objective: We determined whether the association of Aβ and tau with cognitive decline differs by the presence of significant CSVD. Methods: We included 60 subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) from Samsung Medical Center and 82 Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive impairment (ADCI) from ADNI, who underwent Aβ (florbetaben or florbetapir) and tau (flortaucipir, FTP) PET imaging. They were retrospectively assessed for 5.0±3.9 and 5.6±1.9 years with Clinical Dementia Rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SB)/Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Mixed effects models were used to investigate the interaction between Aβ/tau and group on CDR-SB/MMSE changes. Results: The frequency of Aβ positivity (45% versus 54.9%, p = 0.556) and mean global FTP SUVR (1.17±0.21 versus 1.16±0.17, p = 0.702) were not different between the two groups. We found a significant interaction effect of Aβ positivity and SVCI group on CDR-SB increase/MMSE decrease (p = 0.013/p < 0.001), and a significant interaction effect of global FTP uptake and SVCI group on CDR-SB increase/MMSE decrease (p < 0.001 and p = 0.030). Finally, the interaction effects of regional tau and group were prominent in the Braak III/IV (p = 0.001) and V/VI (p = 0.003) not in Braak I/II region (p = 0.398). Conclusion: The association between Aβ/tau and cognitive decline is stronger in SVCI than in ADCI. Therefore, our findings suggested that Aβ positivity or tau burden (particularly in the Braak III/IV or V/VI regions) and CSVD might synergistically affect cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Is There Any Evidence of Premature, Accentuated and Accelerated Aging Effects on Neurocognition in People Living with HIV? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Htein Linn Aung ◽  
Maral Aghvinian ◽  
Hetta Gouse ◽  
Reuben N. Robbins ◽  
Bruce J. Brew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurocognitive Aging ◽  
Neurocognitive Test

Abstract Despite evidence of premature, accentuated and accelerated aging for some age-related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV (PLHIV), the evidence for these abnormal patterns of aging on neurocognition remains unclear. Further, no systematic review has been dedicated to this issue. Using PRISMA guidelines, we searched standard databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO). Articles were included if they analyzed and reported the effect of age on neurocognition among PLHIV as one of their major findings, if they were conducted in the combination anti-retroviral therapy era (after 1996) and published in a peer-reviewed journal in English. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tools. To systematically target the abnormal patterns of neurocognitive aging, we define premature cognitive aging as significant interaction effect of HIV status and age on cross-sectional neurocognitive test performance covering both the normal and abnormal performance range; accentuated cognitive aging as significant interaction effect of HIV status and age on cross-sectional neurocognitive impairment (NCI) rate, thus covering the abnormal performance range only; accelerated cognitive aging as significant interaction effect of HIV status and age on longitudinal neurocognitive test performance or incidence of NCI. Because these definitions require an age-comparable HIV-negative (HIV−) control group, when no controls were included, we determined the range of the age effect on neurocognitive test performance or NCI among PLHIV. A total of 37 studies originating from the US (26), UK (2), Italy (2), Poland (2), China (2), Japan (1), Australia (1), and Brazil (1) were included. Six studies were longitudinal and 14 included HIV- controls. The quality appraisal showed that 12/37 studies neither used an age-matched HIV- controls nor used demographically corrected cognitive scores. A meta-analysis was not possible because study methods and choice of neurocognitive measurement methods and outcomes were heterogeneous imposing a narrative synthesis. In studies with an HIV- control sample, premature neurocognitive aging was found in 45% of the cross-sectional analyses (9/20), while accelerated neurocognitive aging was found in 75% of the longitudinal analyses (3/4). There was no evidence for accentuated aging, but this was tested only in two studies. In studies without an HIV- control sample, the age effect was always present but wide (NCI OR = 1.18–4.8). While large sample size (> 500) was associated with abnormal patterns of cognitive aging, most of the studies were under powered. Other study characteristics such as longitudinal study design and higher proportion of older participants were also associated with the findings of abnormal cognitive aging. There is some support for premature and accelerated cognitive aging among PLHIV in the existing literature especially among large and longitudinal studies and those with higher proportion of older samples. Future HIV and cognitive aging studies need to harmonize neuropsychological measurement methods and outcomes and use a large sample from collaborative multi-sites to generate more robust evidences.

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON GRAIN YIELD OF CRAB GRASS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
S. O. Bakare ◽  
M. G. M. Kolo ◽  
J. A. Oladiran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates

There was a significant interaction effect between the variety and the sowing date for the number of productive tillers, indicating that the response to sowing date varied with the variety. A significant reduction in the number of productive tillers became evident when sowing was delayed till 26 June in the straggling variety as compared to sowing dates in May. Lower numbers of productive tillers were also recorded when the sowing of the erect variety was further delayed till 10 July. The grain yield data showed that it is not advisable to sow the straggling variety later than 12 June, while sowing may continue till about 26 June for the erect variety in the study area.

scholarly journals Effects and Responsiveness of a Multicomponent Intervention on Body Composition, Physical Fitness and Leptin in Overweight/Obese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7267
Author(s):  
Leticia Borfe ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Letícia Schneiders ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
Claudia Cavaglieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Multicomponent Program

Physical exercise reduces the biochemical markers of obesity, but the effects of multicomponent interventions on these markers should be explored. The present study aimed to elucidate how overweight/obese adolescents respond to a multicomponent program approach on body composition, physical fitness, and inflammatory markers, using a quasi-experimental study with 33 overweight/obesity adolescents (control group (CG) = 16; intervention group (IG) = 17). The intervention consisted of 24 weeks with physical exercises and nutritional and psychological guidance. Both groups were evaluated at the pre/post-intervention moments on body mass index (BMI); body fat (%Fat); waist circumference (WC); waist/hip ratio (WHR); waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); abdominal strength, flexibility; leptin; interleukin 6; interleukin 10; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mixed-analysis of variance and generalized estimation equations were used for statistical analysis. There was an interaction effect between groups and time on %Fat (p = 0.002), WC (p = 0.023), WHR (p < 0.001), WHtR (p = 0.035), CRF (p = 0.050), and leptin (p = 0.026). Adolescents were classified as 82.4% responders for %Fat, 70.6% for WC, 88.2% for WHR, and 70.6% for CRF. Further, there was an association between changes in %Fat (p = 0.033), WC (p = 0.032), and WHR (p = 0.033) between responders and non-responders with CRF in the IG. There was a positive effect on body composition, physical fitness, and leptin. In addition, reductions in body composition parameters were explained by CRF improvements.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Physiotherapeutic Program on Selected Static and Dynamic Foot Indicators and the Balance of Elderly Women Depending on the Ground Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4660
Author(s):  
Joanna Matla ◽  
Katarzyna Filar-Mierzwa ◽  
Anna Ścisłowska-Czarnecka ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska ◽  
Aneta Bac
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balance Assessment ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Seniors are a constantly growing group of people in many societies. It is necessary to develop physiotherapeutic programs to improve their mobility. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the physiotherapeutic program conducted unstable ground on selected indicators of motor functions of elderly women. Sixty women (60–80 years) participated in the research. Group A (N = 20) underwent a 12-week physiotherapeutic program on stable ground, group B (N = 20) followed an exercise program on unstable ground, and group C (N = 20) (control group) had no therapeutic intervention. The effects of the therapy were assessed by using a FreeMed platform (foot load analysis) and a Biosway balance system. The results were compared using ANOVA (the one-way analysis), the Kruskal–Wallis test and also the post hoc tests (Tukey’s test and the multiple comparison test). In group A, a statistically significant change was observed in the static test and balance assessment, in group B this was observed in the static and dynamic foot tests and balance assessment, in group C, no statistical significance was achieved. The authors’ physiotherapeutic program had a statistically significant effect on changes in the balance and selected indicators of the motor functions of the examined people. Comparing the results before and after the therapy more improvement changes were noted in women training on an unstable ground compared to women training on a stable ground.

Family environment of eating disordered patients with and without self-injurious behaviors

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Walter Vandereycken ◽  
Hans Vertommen
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family

AbstractObjective.– The family environment is known to be an important contributor to the course of psychiatric disorders. In this study, we examined the family context of eating disordered (ED) patients with and without self-injurious behaviors (SIB).Method.– A Dutch adaptation of the Family Environment Scale ‘Sci Eng 57(9-B):1997;5927’ was completed by 131 ED patients of whom 47% showed at least one form of SIB (e.g., cutting, burning, hair pulling, etc.).Results– Results showed a significant difference in family environment between patients with and without SIB. The family environment of self-injuring ED patients was less cohesive, expressive and socially oriented, and more conflictual and disorganized than the family environment of those without SIB. No significant differences in perceived family environment were found with respect to the number or form of SIB and the subtype of ED. Neither did we find a significant interaction effect between ED subtype and presence/absence of SIB.

scholarly journals PERFECCIONISMO INFANTIL: DIFERENCIAS EN FUNCIÓN DEL SEXO Y LA EDAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Vicent ◽  
M. P. Aparicio Flores ◽  
Cándido J. Inglés ◽  
Mª Isabel Gómez-Núñez ◽  
Aitana Fernández-Sogorb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

Abstract. CHILD PERFECTIONISM: DIFFERENCES ACROSS SEX AND AGE The aim of this study was to analyze the sex and age differences in the levels of child perfectionism, considering the dimensions: Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP), Self-Oriented Perfectionism Criticism (SOP-C) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism Strivings (SOP-S). The sample was composed by 804 Primary Education students from Spain, aged between 8 and 11 years old (Mage = 9.57; SD = 1.12). The Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale was used to assess the perfectionist dimensions. The results of the variance analysis revealed statistically significant differences in favor of males for SOP-C and SOP-S dimensions. However, these differences had no practical relevance because their associated magnitude (d index) were below .20. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed across age for perfectionist dimensions. Moreover, a significant interaction effect (sex x age) was not found.Keywords: child perfectionism, sex, age, Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, Primary Education.Resumen.El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar las diferencias en función del sexo y la edad en los niveles de perfeccionismo infantil, atendiendo a las dimensiones: Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito (PSP), Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado Críticas (PAO-C) y Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado Esfuerzos (PAO-E). La muestra se compuso de 804 alumnos españoles de Educación Primaria con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 11 años (Medad = 9.57; SD = 1.12). Las dimensiones perfeccionistas fueron evaluadas a través de la versión española de la Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale. Los resultados del análisis de varianza revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en favor de los varones para las dimensiones PAO-C y PAO-E. Sin embargo, dichas diferencias carecieron de relevancia práctica puesto que la magnitud asociada (índice d) fue inferior a .20. Similarmente, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función de la edad para ninguna de las dimensiones perfeccionistas ni se encontró un efecto de interacción (sexo x edad) significativo.Palabras clave: perfeccionismo infantil, sexo, edad, Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, Educación Primaria

Personality and Students’ Knowledge about Ecosystem Related to Environmental Behavior of Grade XI Senior High School Students at SMA N 112, West Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Agus Ramdani
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Senior High School Students

The objective of this research is to find out the effect of Personality (P) and knowledge students about ecosystem (KS) on environmental behaviour (EB). An expost facto method has been used by selecting 8 sample for each cell. Reliability of P was  .964, KS was .937 and EB was .95. Data analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Research results revealed that there was environmental behaviour significant difference between those students who have most extraversion personality compared to introversion personality. Moreover, there was significant interaction effect between personality and knowledge students about ecosystem on environmental behaviour. 

scholarly journals The Effect of Competition on Risk Taking in Contests

Games ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Spadoni ◽  
Jan Potters
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
All Pay Auction ◽  
Level Of Risk

We investigate, theoretically and experimentally, the effect of competition on risk taking in a contest in which players only decide on the level of risk they wish to take. Taking more risk implies a chance of a higher performance, but also implies a higher chance of failure. We vary the level of competition in two ways: by varying the number of players (2 players versus 8 players), and by varying the sensitivity of the contest to differences in performance (lottery contest versus all-pay auction). Our results show that there is a significant interaction effect between the two treatments, suggesting that players are particularly prone to take more risks if both the number of players and the sensitivity to performance are higher.

scholarly journals High Coping Self-Efficacy Associated With Lower Sweat Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Hladek ◽  
Jessica Gill ◽  
Chen Lai ◽  
Kate Lorig ◽  
Sarah Szanton
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tnf Α

Introduction/Background: Chronic diseases, like diabetes and heart disease, are considered inflammatory conditions with elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Disease progression is not consistent from person to person. Psychosocial factors are hypothesized to play a modifying role. Self-efficacy, the confidence in one’s ability to perform well in a specific life domain or at a specific task, is associated with better health outcomes. Coping self-efficacy is confidence in one’s ability to handle life’s problems through emotional regulation, problem-solving, and social support. Little is known about associations between coping self-efficacy and inflammation. Aim: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine associations between coping self-efficacy and IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over two visits. Sociodemographic variables, chronic disease count, body mass index (BMI), and coping self-efficacy were collected. Inflammatory markers were collected via sweat using the sweat patch, a noninvasive collection device. Results: Higher TNF-α and IL-10 levels were significantly associated with low coping self-efficacy (β = −.03, p = .028; β = −.017, p = .007, respectively) after adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, and chronic disease count. IL-6 trended toward significance after adjustment as well (β = −.22, p = .054). Conclusions: This pilot study showed that high coping self-efficacy was associated with lower IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels, indicating a potential buffering effect of high coping self-efficacy. Further longitudinal research with larger sample sizes is needed.

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