scholarly journals The Chinese Government’s Response to the Pandemic: Measures, Dynamic Changes, and Main Patterns

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Yuxi He ◽  
Maorui Li ◽  
Qixi Zhong ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Ruishi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Text Processing ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
Pandemic Severity

(1) Background: The governance measures that governments deploy vary substantially across countries and even within countries; there is, however, limited knowledge of the responses of local governments or from different areas in the same country. (2) Methods: By using grounded theory and an automatic text processing method, this study analyses the pandemic governance measures, the pandemic governance pattern, and possible factors across 28 provinces in mainland China based on the text of 28 official provincial government Sina microblogs dating from 20 January to 1 July 2020. (3) Results and discussion: The provincial pandemic governance patterns in China are divided into a pathogen-control pattern, a diagnosis and treatment consolidation pattern, a balanced promotion pattern, a quick-adjustment response pattern, and a recovery-oriented pattern. The pandemic severity, economic development, public health service, and population structure may all have an impact on pandemic governance measures. (4) Conclusions: The conclusions of this study may help us to reconstruct governance systems related to global public health emergencies from the perspective of normalisation, as well as providing important clarification for management and a reference for countries seeking to curb the global spread of a pandemic.

scholarly journals PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH PADA PENANGANAN COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Diyar Ginanjar Andiraharja
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Law

This study aimed to assess the strategies that have been implemented by the central and regional governments in handling COVID-19. There are ten regulations related to the research objectives that have been reviewed. The method applied is normative legal research. Second level data is used in this study. The literature reviewed is used to solve researchers' questions. From this study it was revealed that the local government was obliged to decide on the policies that had to be taken in handling COVID-19 with normal basic health service conditions. In the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the appropriate regulations were enacted not the Law on Regional Government, but the Law on Health Quarantine. The conclusion of this study, in the condition of public health emergencies there is uncertainty at the local government level, because with the decentralization in the field of health causes basic health service standards vary according to the commitment and fiscal capacity of local governments. Strengthening the role of local government is a major factor in overcoming COVID-19. Health services in the regions must be ensured by the central government to conform to the COVID-19 handling standard. With the current state of public health emergencies, it is hoped that the division of roles of the center and the regions will be expected to ensure the safety of citizens.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on local government stakeholders' perspectives on local food production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Catherine Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Local Food Production ◽  
The Impact

Local food production (LFP) can play an impor­tant role in ensuring access to food during supply chain disruptions. Because the drafting, adoption, and implementation of policies regulating LFP is under the purview of local governments in many U.S. states, researchers at University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Exten­sion conducted a study to assess whether COVID-19 affected local government stakeholders’ (LGS) (N=92) perspectives on LFP and the role that LFP can play in responding to public health emergen­cies. LGS who oversee the drafting, adoption, and implementation of LFP policies include staff responsible for code enforcement, sustainability initiatives, and planning, as well as elected and ap­pointed leaders, such as mayors, city and county managers, and city and county commissioners. The survey assessed LGS’ attitudes and knowledge about LFP. The survey also asked LGS about their perceptions and awareness of LFP in their commu­nities, including their perceptions of the benefits of and barriers to LFP and the ways in which LFP producers were using the food they produced. Sur­vey questions also focused specifically on COVID-19 and the role of LFP in public health emergen­cies. In particular, survey questions asked whether LGS perceived a change in their own attitudes, knowledge, and perspectives; whether there had been a change in the LFP activi­ties in their communities following COVID-19; and what they thought the role of LFP was in responding to public health emergencies. Direct comparisons of LGS who responded to a 2019 survey (N=43) were assessed for statistically sig­nificant changes in overall attitudes, knowledge, or perceived benefits of LFP following COVID-19. This study found that LGS have generally positive attitudes and perceptions of benefits of LFP, including its role in public health emergencies, but have limited knowledge about LFP or awareness of barriers to its implementation. The results of this study indicate that LGS understand the potential benefits of LFP in public health emergencies but would benefit from information and training to support the development of policies and programs in their communities.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SURVEY FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI APARAT PEMERINTAH DAERAH DAN PENCEGAHANNYA DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Chrisna Suhendi ◽  
Zaenuddin Zaenuddin
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
State Capture ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This study aims to identify the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of good governance based on information technology (e-Governance) in the Central Java provincial government. It is intended that the corruption done by government officials could be prevented/avoided. To achieve this goal it is necessary to identify the existing conditions and constraints that arise both from internal and external factors that may impede the implementation of this system. The population in this study is all whole Unit of SKPD in Central Java Provincial Government with the unit of analysis the Head of SKPD. In this study, the samples are taken by using proportional random sampling. The results of discussion on the study of corruption and e-governance conclude that the types of state capture , influence and administrative corruption can happen anytime and anywhere. Yet, the biggest concern of the corruption by government officials is administrative corruption. To prevent the corruption of local governments, it should implement the use of e-governance or the application of information technology to support the implementation of good-governance systems. However, the most important thing is the commitment of all officials in local government.

scholarly journals Evaluation and improvement of the emergency capacity of medical staff for COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Xiao Hu ◽  
Chang-Fu Chen ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Gao-Fei Zhang ◽  
Hua-Lin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Emergencies

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to 216 countries and territories around the world. Most studies on response to public health emergencies, focus on health systems, local governments or medical organizations, but fewer studies focus on individuals. However, medical staff are the core strength for responding to public health emergencies. The aims of this study are to investigate the status of medical staff’s emergency capacity during the pandemic and to provide intellectual support to further enhance medical staff's ability to ensure the smooth operation of medical rescue. Methods: This study conducted a cross-sectional survey of four hospitals designated to treat patients with COVID-19 in China. Based on the emergency capacity system of medical staff for infectious diseases, an improved Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire was used to evaluate the emergency capacity of medical staff. Linear regression and one-way analysis of variance were used to test the differences in the emergency capacity of medical staff. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between the self-efficacy and emergency capacity of medical staff. Results: The overall emergency capacity of the surveyed medical staff was at a medium level. There was a correlation between emergency capacity and age, working years, position, educational background and the area where medical staff worked. Emergency capacity was not related to the hospital grade. Emergency capacity was significantly related to whether medical staff had participated in frontline pandemic prevention work. There was also a positive correlation between emergency capacity and the self-efficacy of medical staff. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of the training mechanism for emergency personnel. The emergency input for public health emergencies should be increased to improve the emergency capacity of medical staff. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the mental health of medical staff.

scholarly journals How Local Governments Are Caring for the Homeless During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham David Benavides ◽  
Julius A. Nukpezah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
Subsidiarity Principle ◽  
Control And Prevention

This article discusses the plight of the homeless during public health emergencies and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It reviews the role of public administrators that grounds their efforts by examining their foundational purpose to serve the most vulnerable in our society. Using subsidiarity principle as the context, it discusses homelessness in America and the role of the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development and their Continuum of Care program. It also highlights the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during public health emergencies and their interim guidelines for local governments in providing for the homeless during emergencies. Finally, through a case study on the city of Dallas, Texas, the article examines how local governments have responded to address the needs of the homeless during the COVID-19 pandemic. It concludes that it is imperative that public administrators at all levels of government explore areas of shared competence, cooperation, and allocate responsibility where it would yield the most efficient result.

Governing public health emergencies during the coronavirus disease outbreak: Lessons from four Chinese cities in the first wave

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110493
Author(s):  
Lingyue Li ◽  
Surong Zhang ◽  
Jinfeng Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Yang ◽  
Lan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Policy Measures

The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a far-reaching impact on urban living, prompting emergency preparedness and response from public health governance at multiple levels. The Chinese government has adopted a series of policy measures to control infectious disease, for which cities are the key spatial units. This research traces and reports analyses of those policy measures and their evolution in four Chinese cities: Zhengzhou, Hangzhou, Shanghai and Chengdu. The theoretical framework stems from conceptualisations of urban governance and its role in public health emergencies, wherein crisis management and emergency response are highlighted. In all four cities, the trend curves of cumulative diagnosed cases, critical policies launched in key time nodes and local governance approaches in the first wave were identified and compared. The findings suggest that capable local leadership is indispensable for controlling the coronavirus epidemic, yet local governments’ approaches are varied, contributing to dissimilar local epidemic control policy pathways and positive outcomes in the fight against COVID-19. The effectiveness of disease control is determined by how local governments’ measures have adapted to geospatial and socioeconomic heterogeneity. The coordinated actions from central to local governments also reveal an efficient, top-down command transmission and execution system for coping with the pandemic. This article argues that effective control of pandemics requires both a holistic package of governance strategies and locally adaptive governance measures/processes, and concludes with proposals for both a more effective response at the local level and identification of barriers to achieving these responses within diverse subnational institutional contexts.

Current Crises and Potential Conflicts in Asia and the Pacific: Challenges Facing Global Health or Global Public Health by a Different Name

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-667
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSince 1945, the reasons for major crises and how the world responds to them have changed every 10-15 years or sooner. Whereas these crises vary greatly across global regions, their economic, environmental, ecological, social, and disease aspects are increasingly under the influence of widely integrated global changes and forces arising primarily from: climate extremes; rapid unsustainable urbanization; critical biodiversity losses; and emergencies of scarcity in water, food, and energy. These slow-moving but increasingly severe crises affect larger populations across many borders and lead to the emergence of increasing population-based, preventable public health emergencies related to water, sanitation, food, shelter, energy, and related health illnesses, and ultimately global health security. This report explores the impact of these crises on Asia and the Pacific region, and their potential for regional conflict.

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