scholarly journals Time Spent Working in Custody Influences Work Sample Test Battery Performance of Deputy Sheriffs Compared to Recruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Robert Lockie ◽  
Robin Orr ◽  
Matthew Moreno ◽  
J. Dawes ◽  
Joseph Dulla
Keyword(s):  
Solid Wall ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Work Sample ◽  
Chain Link ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Deputy Sheriffs ◽  
Post Hoc

This study determined the influence of years spent working in custody on fitness measured by a state-specific testing battery (Work Sample Test Battery; WSTB) in deputy sheriffs. Retrospective analysis was conducted on one patrol school class (51 males, 13 females) divided into three groups depending on time spent working in custody: DS24 (<24 months; n = 20); DS2547 (25–47 months; n = 23); and DS48+ (≥48 months; n = 21). These groups were compared to a recruit class (REC; 219 males, 34 females) in the WSTB, which comprised five tasks completed for time: 99-yard (90.53-m) obstacle course (99OC); 165-pound (75-kg) dummy drag; six-foot (1.83-m) chain link fence (CLF) and solid wall (SW) climb; and 500-yard (457.2-m) run (500R). A univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (controlling for sex and age) with Bonferroni post hoc determined significant between-group differences. DS48+ were slower in the 99OC compared to the REC (p = 0.007) and performed the CLF and SW slower than all groups (p ≤ 0.012). DS24, DS2547, and DS48+ were all slower than REC in the 500R (p ≤ 0.002). Physical training should be implemented to maintain fitness and job-specific task performance in deputy sheriffs working custody, especially considering the sedentary nature of this work.

scholarly journals Physical Fitness Characteristics That Relate to Work Sample Test Battery Performance in Law Enforcement Recruits

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lockie ◽  
J. Dawes ◽  
Katherine Balfany ◽  
Ciara Gonzales ◽  
Maria Beitzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Solid Wall ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Work Sample ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Chain Link ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Mountain Climbers

This study determined relationships between an agency-specific fitness test battery (PT500), and a work sample test battery (WSTB) in law enforcement recruits. Retrospective analysis on 219 males and 34 females from one agency was conducted. The PT500 comprised: push-ups, sit-ups, and mountain climbers in 120 s; pull-ups; and 201 m and 2.4 km runs. The WSTB comprised: 99 yard (90.53 m) obstacle course (99OC); body drag (BD) with a 165 pound (75 kg) dummy; 6 foot (1.83 m) chain link fence (CLF) and solid wall (SW) climb; and 500 yard (457.2 m) run (500R). Partial correlations, controlling for sex, calculated PT500 and WSTB relationships (p < 0.05). Stepwise regression determined whether fitness predicted WSTB performance. The 500R related to all PT500 assessments (r range = −0.127–0.574), 99OC related to all bar push-ups and mountain climbers, and BD related to none. The CLF related to sit-ups, pull-ups, and 2.4 km run; SW related to mountain climbers, pull-ups, and 2.4 km run (r range = −0.127–−0.315). Push-ups, pull-ups, and 2.4 km run were involved in predictive relationships for 99OC, CLF, SW, and 500R (r2 range = 0.217–0.500). To perform better in the WSTB and job-specific tasks, developing upper-body strength and aerobic fitness may be beneficial.

scholarly journals Between-Sex Differences in the Work Sample Test Battery Performed by Law Enforcement Recruits

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Maria M. Beitzel ◽  
Joseph M. Dulla ◽  
J. Jay Dawes ◽  
Robin M. Orr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Work Sample ◽  
Sample Test

Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette R. Miller ◽  
J. Peter Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time

Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between-group differences in a frontally located post-P300 component. Honest responses were associated with late frontal amplitudes larger than deceptive responses at frontal sites in the low PPT group only.

scholarly journals The Postoperative Pain Assessment Skills Pilot Trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McGillion ◽  
Adam Dubrowski ◽  
Robyn Stremler ◽  
Judy Watt-Watson ◽  
Fiona Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Standardized Patients ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Pain Beliefs ◽  
Assessment Skills ◽  
Deteriorating Patient

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Pain-related misbeliefs among health care professionals (HCPs) are common and contribute to ineffective postoperative pain assessment. While standardized patients (SPs) have been effectively used to improve HCPs’ assessment skills, not all centres have SP programs. The present equivalence randomized controlled pilot trial examined the efficacy of an alternative simulation method – deteriorating patient-based simulation (DPS) – versus SPs for improving HCPs’ pain knowledge and assessment skills.METHODS: Seventy-two HCPs were randomly assigned to a 3 h SP or DPS simulation intervention. Measures were recorded at baseline, immediate postintervention and two months postintervention. The primary outcome was HCPs’ pain assessment performance as measured by the postoperative Pain Assessment Skills Tool (PAST). Secondary outcomes included HCPs knowledge of pain-related misbeliefs, and perceived satisfaction and quality of the simulation. These outcomes were measured by the Pain Beliefs Scale (PBS), the Satisfaction with Simulated Learning Scale (SSLS) and the Simulation Design Scale (SDS), respectively. Student’sttests were used to test for overall group differences in postintervention PAST, SSLS and SDS scores. One-way analysis of covariance tested for overall group differences in PBS scores.RESULTS: DPS and SP groups did not differ on post-test PAST, SSLS or SDS scores. Knowledge of pain-related misbeliefs was also similar between groups.CONCLUSIONS: These pilot data suggest that DPS is an effective simulation alternative for HCPs’ education on postoperative pain assessment, with improvements in performance and knowledge comparable with SP-based simulation. An equivalence trial to examine the effectiveness of deteriorating patient-based simulation versus standardized patients is warranted.

scholarly journals Impact of Mindfulness Training on Spanish Police Officers’ Mental and Emotional Health: a Non-Randomized Pilot Study

Mindfulness ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Navarrete ◽  
Miguel Ángel García-Salvador ◽  
Ausiàs Cebolla ◽  
Rosa Baños
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Paired Samples

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this exploratory non-randomized controlled study was to determine the acceptance and effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) co-designed by a police officer. Methods A pretest-posttest control group design was followed. Participants (MBI group = 20; control group = 18) answered baseline and post-training self-reported measures. In addition, the weekly emotional state of the MBI group was collected. Paired-samples t-test and analysis of covariance were performed for pre-post within-group and between-group differences, respectively, as well as linear mixed effects analysis of repeated measures for week-by-week data. Results High acceptance and attendance rates, as well as significant pre-post within-group differences in the MBI group in mindfulness (η2 = 0.43), self-compassion (η2 = 0.43), depression (η2 = 0.54), anxiety (η2 = 0.46), stress (η2 = 0.51), difficulties in emotion regulation, sleep quality (η2 = 0.57), and burnout (η2 = 0.31–0.47), were identified. Moreover, police officers who underwent the MBI experienced a week by week decrease of anger, disgust, anxiety, sadness, and desire. Finally, after adjusting for pre-test scores, significant between-group differences were found in the way of attending to internal and external experiences (observing mindfulness facet; ηp2 = 0.21), depression symptoms (ηp2 = 0.23), general distress (ηp2 = 0.24), and the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion (personal burnout; ηp2 = 0.20). Conclusions The preliminary effectiveness of this MBI on psychopathology and quality of life outcomes in Spanish police officers was discussed. Previous evidence regarding the promising use of MBIs in this population was supported.

scholarly journals Effects of Illiteracy on the European Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB)

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Rune Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Battery ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Participant Characteristics ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives Test performances of illiterate and literate immigrants were compared to investigate the effects of illiteracy on the European Cross-cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB), and associations between test performance and participant characteristics were examined. Method Participants were 20 illiterate and 21 literate middle-aged and older Turkish immigrants (50–85 years) matched by age and gender that completed the CNTB as well as a number of demographic and medical questionnaires. Results No significant group differences or correlations between education, acculturation or health characteristics and test performances were found on 10 of 16 measures. Illiteracy status and participant characteristics affected measures of mental processing speed, executive function, and visuoconstruction. Conclusions The preliminary findings suggest that several of the measures in the CNTB may be valid for assessment of cognitive functioning in people who are illiterate when applied using available normative data. However, these findings need to be replicated in larger samples.

Post hoc analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled, active-reference 6-week study of brexpiprazole in acute schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Marder ◽  
Hans Eriksson ◽  
Yudong Zhao ◽  
Mary Hobart
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Quetiapine Xr ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractObjective:We provide a closer look at the result of a randomised, placebo-controlled, active-reference (quetiapine XR), flexible-dose, 6-week study of brexpiprazole in schizophrenia, which did not meet its primary endpoint – change from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. We also investigate potential expectancy bias from the well-known side-effect profile of the active reference that could have affected the study outcome.Methods:Pre-specified sensitivity analyses of the primary end point were performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) last observation carried forward (LOCF) and observed cases (OC). Post hoc analyses of change from baseline in PANSS total score were performed using the mixed model for repeated measures approach with treatment groups split by having typical adverse events with potential for functional unblinding, for example, somnolence, increase in weight, dizziness, dry mouth and sedation.Results:Pre-specified sensitivity analyses showed separation from placebo for brexpiprazole at week 6: LOCF, ANCOVA: −4.3 [95% CI (−8.0, −0.5), p = 0.0254]. OC, ANCOVA: −3.9 [95% CI (−7.3, −0.5), p = 0.0260]. Patients treated with brexpiprazole experiencing typical adverse events with potential for functional unblinding before or at Week 2 had a least square (LS) mean PANSS change of −29.5 (improvement), with a difference in change from baseline to Week 6 in PANSS total score between brexpiprazole and placebo of −13.5 [95% CI (−23.1, −4.0), p = 0.0057], and those who did not had an LS mean change of −18.9 and a difference between brexpiprazole and placebo of −2.9 [95% CI (−7.2, 1.4), p = 0.1809].Conclusion:Pre-specified sensitivity analyses showed separation from placebo for brexpiprazole at Week 6. A post hoc analysis suggested a potential confounding of efficacy rating towards symptom improvement in patients who experience known side effects of quetiapine XR.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Evaluation of Mandibular Volume in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate During the Deciduous Dentition Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishekhi Shrestha ◽  
Masahiro Takahashi ◽  
Tetsutaro Yamaguchi ◽  
Mohamed Adel ◽  
Mayu Furuhata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine the relationship between mandibular volume and craniofacial morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare these findings with control (noncleft) patients undergoing CBCT for other purposes during the deciduous dentition period. Materials and Methods Eighty-four patients were categorized into the unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) group (n = 25; mean age, 4.60 ± 0.40 years), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) group (n = 23; mean age, 4.52 ± 0.39 years), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) group (n = 22; mean age, 4.54 ± 0.37 years), and control group without cleft (n = 14; mean age, 5.19 ± 0.52 years). Mandibular volume and craniofacial cephalometric measurements were obtained using CBCT. All measurements were assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using Bonferroni post hoc pairwise comparison tests. Results ANCOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in mandibular volume among the groups. SNA° and ANB° were significantly larger in the UCLA and BCLP groups than in the control group. SN-MP° was smallest in the UCLA group. Co-A in the UCLP group was shorter than in the UCLA and BCLP groups. Go-Gn was shortest in the UCLP and BCLP groups compared with the control group. Conclusions Three-dimensional evaluation of craniofacial morphology using CBCT can provide valuable information on malocclusion and other dentoskeletal problems among patients with CLP.

scholarly journals Cortical thickness in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Multisite mega-analysis of 780 brain scans from six centres

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Fouche ◽  
Stefan du Plessis ◽  
Coenie Hattingh ◽  
Annerine Roos ◽  
Christine Lochner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundThere is accumulating evidence for the role of fronto-striatal and associated circuits in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) but limited and conflicting data on alterations in cortical thickness.AimsTo investigate alterations in cortical thickness and subcortical volume in OCD.MethodIn total, 412 patients with OCD and 368 healthy adults underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans. Between-group analysis of covariance of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes was performed and regression analyses undertaken.ResultsSignificantly decreased cortical thickness was found in the OCD group compared with controls in the superior and inferior frontal, precentral, posterior cingulate, middle temporal, inferior parietal and precuneus gyri. There was also a group x age interaction in the parietal cortex, with increased thinning with age in the OCD group relative to controls.ConclusionsOur findings are partially consistent with earlier work, suggesting that group differences in grey matter volume and cortical thickness could relate to the same underlying pathology of OCD. They partially support a frontostriatal model of OCD, but also suggest that limbic, temporal and parietal regions play a role in the pathophysiology of the disorder. The group x age interaction effects may be the result of altered neuroplasticity.

scholarly journals Neurogranin as Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Alzheimer Disease: An Assay Comparison Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline A J Willemse ◽  
Ann De Vos ◽  
Elizabeth M Herries ◽  
Ulf Andreasson ◽  
Sebastiaan Engelborghs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Washington University

Abstract BACKGROUND Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlates with cognitive decline and is a potential novel biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. We investigated the analytical and diagnostic performance of 3 commonly used neurogranin assays in the same cohort of patients to improve the interpretability of CSF neurogranin test results. METHODS The neurogranin Erenna® assay from Washington University, St. Louis, MO (WashU); ELISA from ADx Neurosciences; and ELISA from Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden (UGot), were compared using silver staining and Western blot after gel electrophoresis. Clinical performance of the 3 assays was compared in samples from individuals diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline (n = 22), and in patients with AD (n = 22), frontotemporal dementia (n = 22), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 22), or vascular dementia (n = 20), adjusted for sex and age. RESULTS The assays detected different epitopes of neurogranin: the WashU assay detected the N-terminal part of neurogranin (S10-D23) and a C-terminal part (G49-G60), the ADx assay detected C-terminal neurogranin truncated at P75, and the UGot assay detected the C-terminal neurogranin with intact ending (D78). Spearman ρ was 0.95 between ADx and WashU, 0.87 between UGot and WashU, and 0.81 between UGot and ADx. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) showed group differences for ranked neurogranin concentrations in each assay (all P &lt; 0.05), with specific increases in AD. CONCLUSIONS Although the 3 assays target different epitopes on neurogranin and have different calibrators, the high correlations and the similar group differences suggest that the different forms of neurogranin in CSF carry similar diagnostic information, at least in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.

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