scholarly journals Maternal Employment Status and Minimum Meal Frequency in Children 6-23 Months in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137
Author(s):  
Lauren Manzione ◽  
Heidi Kriser ◽  
Emily Gamboa ◽  
Curtis Hanson ◽  
Generose Mulokozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Fiscal Autonomy ◽  
Prepared Food ◽  
The Relationship

As women in developing world settings gain access to formal work sectors, it is important to understand how such changes might influence child nutrition. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between maternal employment status and minimum meal frequency (MMF) among children in Tanzania. Interviews were conducted with 5000 mothers of children ages 0–23 months. The questionnaire used in these interviews was developed by adopting questions from Tanzania’s latest Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2016) where possible and creating additional questions needed for programmatic baseline measurements. MMF was used as proxy for child nutrition. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between employment status and parenting practices of Tanzanian mothers and MMF of their children. After adjusting for confounders, informal maternal employment [OR = 0.58], lack of financial autonomy [OR = 0.57] and bringing the child with them when working away from home [OR = 0.59] were negatively associated with meeting MMF. Payment in cash [OR = 1.89], carrying food for the child [OR = 1.34] and leaving food at home for the child [OR = 2.52] were positively associated with meeting MMF. Informal maternal employment was found to be negatively associated with meeting MMF among Tanzanian children. However, behaviors such as bringing or leaving prepared food, fiscal autonomy and payment in cash showed significant positive associations. These findings could help direct future programs to reduce child stunting.

scholarly journals Environmental unpredictability and environmental harshness in early life : independent predictors of preschool boys' and girls' self-regulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christina Squires
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Environmental Unpredictability

Using multi-method multi-informant longitudinal data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (N equals 966), this study explored the effects of early-life (between 0 to 36 months) environmental unpredictability and environmental harshness on preschoolers' cognitive, behavioral, and emotional self-regulation directly and indirectly through positive parenting at 36 months. Environmental unpredictability included number of maternal employment and marital transitions and residential mobility. Environmental harshness included average income-to-needs ratios, poverty status, and receipt of public assistance. Positive parenting practices included maternal warmth, supportiveness, and cognitive stimulation. Structural equation modeling revealed that early-life environmental unpredictability and environmental harshness make independent and unique contributions to preschoolers' self-regulation. Findings also suggest that the effects of environmental unpredictability, environmental harshness, and parenting practices on children's selfregulation are domain specific and do not operate equally across all children. Environmental unpredictability was directly and negatively associated with preschoolers' emotion regulation, while environmental harshness was indirectly and negatively associated with preschoolers' attention regulation through positive parenting. These associations were only significant for boys, suggesting that boys may be more susceptible to the influence of harsh and unpredictable environments early in life. Keywords: Self-regulation, Infancy, Early childhood, Environmental unpredictability, Environmental harshness

scholarly journals The Relationship between Maternal Employment Status and Pregnancy Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnoush Khojasteh ◽  
Azizollah Arbabisarjou ◽  
Tahere Boryri ◽  
Amneh Safarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Pourkahkhaei
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Employed Mothers ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong>BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVES: </strong>Women comprise a large percentage of the workforce in industrial countries. In Europe and many other places in the world, women of reproductive age comprise a significant proportion of the workforce at the workplaces, and the rules and regulations require employers to evaluate and minimize health risks to pregnant women. In U.K, 70%, and in the United States 59% of women are employed. In Iran, 13% of women are employed, which comes down to less than 5% at Sistan&amp; Baluchestan Province. Various studies have reported contradictory results about the effects of maternal employment tasks such as standing, repetitive bending, climbing stairs, and lifting heavy objects during pregnancy on fetal growth, preterm birth and other obstetric complications. Given the growing number of working women, and potential complications for mothers, the present study has conducted to investigate the relationship between maternal employment status and pregnancy outcomes in Zahedan city, Iran.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: </strong>This cross-sectional study was based on survey conducted on 227 women (121 housewives, and 106 employed women) attending health centers in 2014. Using purposive convenient sampling method, eligible pregnant mothers (with no chronic diseases, singleton pregnancy, gravida 1-3, and no addiction) were selected as study subjects. Data were collected and recorded through a researcher-made questionnaire and also from mothers' medical records, including personal details, prenatal and labor complications, and infant's details. Collected data were fed into the SPSS version 21(IBM Corp, USA).</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Frequency of placental abruption was greater among housewives (P=0.02), and a significant relationship was found between employment status and lifting heavy objects, which was more frequent among housewives (P=0.01). Lifting heavy objects during pregnancy was only significantly related to reduced amniotic fluid (P=0.001) and low birth weight (P=0.01). Frequency of preterm labor was higher among housewives compared to employed women, but not significantly. Type of delivery was significantly related to employment, and employed mothers had more cesarean deliveries (P=0.0001).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The results suggest more frequent lifting of heavy objects by housewives than by employed mothers, leading to increased complications such as reduced amniotic fluid, placental abruption, and low birth weight. Perhaps due to higher education levels, frequency of cesarean section and preterm labor was higher among employed mothers. However, employment alone does not predict pregnancy outcomes.</p>

scholarly journals The Relationship Between The Level of Maternal Knowledge, Maternal Employment Status and Family Support With Exclusive Breastfeeding in The Working Area of The Air Dingin Health Center of Padang City in 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Dian Hidayah Putri ◽  
Masrul Masrul ◽  
Lisma Evareny
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Infant Morbidity ◽  
The Relationship

In order to reduce infant morbidity and mortality, UNICEFand WHO recommend exclusive breastfeeding for six monthsbecause ASI has many health benefits for babies and containsall the nutrients needed by baby. The lowest coverage ofexclusive breastfeeding in Padang City is in the working areaof Puskesmas Air Dingin. The purpose of this study was todetermine the relationship between the level of maternalknowledge, maternal employment status and family supportwith exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the AirDingin Health Center. Analytic research withdesign was cross sectionalconductedin the working area of Air Dingin Health Center from June2018 to July 2018. The sample in this study were mothers whohad infants aged> 6-12 months as many as 56 people. Mothersas respondents were interviewed directly using a questionnaire.Data analysis was univariate and bivariate usinganalysis chisquare(p5 0.05).The results showed that the percentage of exclusivebreastfeeding was 51.8%. Theanalysis results chi-squareshowed that the p value between exclusive breastfeeding andthe level of maternal knowledge (p = 0.010), maternalemployment status (p = 1,000), and family support (p = 0.021). There was a significant relationship between the level ofmother's knowledge and family support with exclusivebreastfeeding, while the mother's employment status did nothave a significant relationship with exclusive breastfeeding. Itis hoped that mothers can maintain and improve exclusivebreastfeeding.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN STATUS PEKERJAAN DENGAN PERILAKU IBU DALAM PEMENUHAN GIZI BERDASARKAN KEBIASAAN SARAPAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Lulut Subekti ◽  
Sugeng Mashudi ◽  
Metti Verawati
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Contingency Coefficient ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

AbstactImproving the quality of human resources (HR) in health and nutrition factors depends on the mother's work, this results in the habits of children requesting extra money for unhealthy breakfasts outside and nutritional disorders in children who experience the process of growth and achievement of children. This study aims to analyze the relationship of employment status to the mother's behavior in the fulfillment of nutrition based on breakfast habits. The design of this research is Correlation with cross sectional approach. Population in this research is all children of class of 2-6 in SDN Mrican 1, District of Jenangan, Regency of Ponorogo with big sample 44 respondents. Sampling of the study using total sampling, data collection using questionnaire and calculation using Chi-Square Test test using SPSS 16.0 error α 0.05. The result of the research on the variables of maternal employment status was interpreted by 28 respondents (63.6%) and 16 respondents (36.4%) did not work. Maternal Behavior variable in nutrient fulfillment interpreted 24 respondents (54.5%) behaved positively and 20 respondents (45.5%) behaved negatively. Chi-Square statistical test obtained p value = 0.001 which means smaller than α = 0.05 Thus it can be said that there is a relationship On the relationship with the relationship niali Contingency Coefficient = 0.447 enough category. Research analysis there is close enough relationship between job status with mother's behavior in nutrition fulfillment based on breakfast habit at SDN Mrican 1, Sub Jenangan, Regency of Ponorogo. Maternal negative behavior in the fulfillment of nutrition that will affect the growth and development of children, the researchers advise on the place of research, especially the school environment put a picture or leaflet about the importance of breakfast for children and breakfast foods. Keywords: work status, behavior, mother, breakfast AbstrakPeningkatkan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dalam faktor kesehatan dan gizi tergantung pada pekerjaan ibu, hal ini berakibat pada kebiasaan anak meminta tambahan uang untuk sarapan yang tidak sehat diluar dan gangguan nutrisi pada anak yang mengalami proses tumbuh kembang dan prestasi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan status pekerjaan dengan perilaku ibu dalam pemenuhan gizi berdasarkan kebiasaan sarapan.Desain penelitian ini adalah Korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak kelas 2-6 di SDN Mrican 1, Kecamatan Jenangan, Kabupaten Ponorogo dengan besar sampel 44 responden. Sampling penelitian menggunakan Total sampling, pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan perhitungan menggunakan uji Uji Chi-Square menggunakan SPSS 16.0 kesalahan α 0,05.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Status pekerjaan ibu diinterpretasikan 28 responden (63,6%) bekerja dan 16 responden (36,4%) tidak bekerja. Variabel Perilaku ibu dalam pemenuhan gizi diinterpretasikan 24 responden (54.5%) berperilaku positif dan 20 responden (45,5%) berperilaku negatif. uji statistik Chi-Square diperoleh nilai Contingency Coefficient =0,447, dan p value = 0,001 yang berarti lebih kecil dari α= 0,05 berarti ada hubungan cukup antara status pekerjaan dengan perilaku ibu dalam pemenuhan gizi berdasarkan kebiasaan sarapan.Perilaku negatif ibu dalam pemenuhan gizi sehingga akan mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak, maka peneliti menyarankan pada tempat penelitian terutama lingkungan sekolah memasang gambar atau leaflet tentang pentingnya sarapa n pagi bagi anak dan jenis makanan sarapan pagi.Kata kunci: status pekerjaan, perilaku, ibu, sarapan.

scholarly journals The Associations between Body Mass Index of Seven- and Eight-Year-Old Children, Dietary Behaviour and Nutrition-Related Parenting Practices

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Vaitkevičiūtė ◽  
Aušra Petrauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
The Family

Background and objective: Body mass index (BMI) is one of the key indicators used to measure the growth of children. It could be affected by the children’s nutrition, which is essential for the proper development of the child. Nutrition of children could be affected by many environmental factors, for example, the socioeconomic environment of the family. The aim of this study was to identify the associations between the BMI of seven- and eight-year-old children, dietary behaviour and nutrition-related parenting practices. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out as part of the World Health Organization European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (WHO COSI). Data were collected using two instruments: objective anthropometric measurements and a questionnaire. The target participant group was 3969 Lithuanian first-formers. Factor analysis was used to summarise questions from the family form. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the associations between various factors and the BMI value of the children. The association between two groups of factors was analysed using Spearman correlation. Results: Factors of dietary behaviour like unhealthy food and proteins were significantly positively associated with BMI in children, while consumption of plant-based, dairy and confectionery items was significantly negatively associated with BMI. Factors of nutrition-related parenting practices like control of unhealthy food, food as a reward or punishment, and mealtime were significantly positively associated with BMI, while encouragement, pressure to eat, and liberal attitude were significantly negatively associated with BMI. The strongest associations were between control of unhealthy food and unhealthy food; cost of and preferences for food and plant-based food; variety of food and proteins; variety of food and plant-based food compared to other associations. Conclusions: The dietary behaviour and nutrition-related parenting practices were associated with BMI in children.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Diarrhea in Under Six Months Infants in 2017 (Analysis of Indonesian Health Demography Data Survey 2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
Fikriya Rusyda ◽  
Sudarto Ronoatmodjo
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Diarrhea is the main cause of malnutrition in underfive children. One of the efforts to prevent diarrhea in infants is exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding is infant that receives only breast milk without any additional consumption from 0 to 6 months. Under six months infant who are not exclusively breastfed have a higher risk of developing diarrhea than those who are exclusively breastfed.Methods: This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in under six months infants in Indonesia. This study analyze secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The sample in this study consist of all live infants aged 0-6 months born to women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia who were successfully interviewed and had a complete answer (no answer missing). After weighting, 1898 samples were obtained.Result: The result found that the proportion of diarrhea incidence in Indonesia is 9.1%. Meanwhile of all infants, 36% were not exclusively breastfed. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between infants who were not exclusively breastfed and diarrhea incidence in Indonesia after adjusted by mother's education level, maternal employment status, mother’s economic level, area of residence, and latrine ownership (PR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.46-3.07).Conclusion : Infants who were not exclusively breastfed increase the risk for diarrhea. Therefore it is necessary to have a program to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. The program can take the form of counseling by health workers in health services.

Interactive acculturation of Turkish-Belgian parents and children in Flanders: A case study of Beringen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-428
Author(s):  
Özgün Ünver ◽  
Ides Nicaise
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town

This article tackles the relationship between Turkish-Belgian families with the Flemish society, within the specific context of their experiences with early childhood education and care (ECEC) system in Flanders. Our findings are based on a focus group with mothers in the town of Beringen. The intercultural dimension of the relationships between these families and ECEC services is discussed using the Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM). The acculturation patterns are discussed under three main headlines: language acquisition, social interaction and maternal employment. Within the context of IAM, our findings point to some degree of separationism of Turkish-Belgian families, while they perceive the Flemish majority to have an assimilationist attitude. This combination suggests a conflictual type of interaction. However, both parties also display some traits of integrationism, which points to the domain-specificity of interactive acculturation.

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