scholarly journals Daily Exposure to Air Pollution Particulate Matter Is Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6017
Author(s):  
Elisa Gallo ◽  
Franco Folino ◽  
Gianfranco Buja ◽  
Gabriele Zanotto ◽  
Daniele Bottigliengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Daily Exposure ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Several epidemiological studies found an association between acute exposure to fine particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm and 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5 and PM10) and cardiovascular diseases, ventricular fibrillation incidence and mortality. The effects of pollution on atrial fibrillation (AF) beyond the first several hours of exposure remain controversial. A total of 145 patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (ICD-CRT), or pacemakers were enrolled in this multicentric prospective study. Daily levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were collected from monitoring stations within 20 km of the patient’s residence. A Firth Logistic Regression model was used to evaluate the association between AF and daily exposure to PM2.5 and PM10. Exposure levels to PM2.5 and PM10 were moderate, being above the World Health Organization (WHO) PM2.5 and PM10 thresholds of 25 μg/m3 and 50 μg/m3, respectively, on 26% and 18% of the follow-up days. An association was found between daily levels of PM2.5 and PM10 and AF (95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.34–2.40 and 1.44–4.28, respectively) for an increase of 50 µg/m3 above the WHO threshold. Daily exposure to moderate PM2.5 and PM10 levels is associated with AF in patients who are not prone to AF.

scholarly journals Assessment of Population Exposure to Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in the Urban Areas of Chennai, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramachandran Prasannavenkatesh ◽  
Ramachandran Andimuthu ◽  
Palanivelu Kandasamy ◽  
Geetha Rajadurai ◽  
Divya Subash Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Fine Particulates ◽  
Fine Particulate

Research outcomes from the epidemiological studies have found that the course (PM10) and the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are mainly responsible for various respiratory health effects for humans. The population-weighted exposure assessment is used as a vital decision-making tool to analyze the vulnerable areas where the population is exposed to critical concentrations of pollutants. Systemic sampling was carried out at strategic locations of Chennai to estimate the various concentration levels of particulate pollution during November 2013–January 2014. The concentration of the pollutants was classified based on the World Health Organization interim target (IT) guidelines. Using geospatial information systems the pollution and the high-resolution population data were interpolated to study the extent of the pollutants at the urban scale. The results show that approximately 28% of the population resides in vulnerable locations where the coarse particulate matter exceeds the prescribed standards. Alarmingly, the results of the analysis of fine particulates show that about 94% of the inhabitants live in critical areas where the concentration of the fine particulates exceeds the IT guidelines. Results based on human exposure analysis show the vulnerability is more towards the zones which are surrounded by prominent sources of pollution.

scholarly journals Health Implications of Air Quality Index of Fine and Coarse Particulates During Outdoor Combustion of Biomass in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Glory Richard ◽  
Wisdom Ebiye Sawyer ◽  
Sylvester Chibueze Izah
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Rural dwellers in the Niger Delta commonly use biomass for cooking and other activities. This study investigated the air quality index of fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter 10 (PM10) and its health implications during outdoor combustion of fuelwood in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. A mini-volume air sampler (model: AEROCET 531) was used to measure PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulate (TSP) in the study area. A bimonthly triplicate sampling was carried out at 3 distances in 4 different states spanning one Calendar year. The results showed that PM2.5, PM10, and TSP ranged from 19.85 – 27.95µg/m3, 55.66 – 80.59µg/m3, and 74.29 – 140.44µg/m3, respectively. There was statistical variation across the different months, locations and distances, and their interactions. The concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 occasionally exceeds the World Health Organization limits of 25µg/m3 and 50µg/m3 for 24-hourly average, respectively. The air quality index showed no contamination to slight contamination in both seasons. The air quality index indicates that the air is slightly contaminated at the emission source which decreased as distance away increased. Therefore, there is a need for the regulatory agencies to consider PM2.5 and PM10 in the monitoring of ambient air quality to forestall potential hazards associated with human exposure.

scholarly journals Carbonaceous Aerosols in Fine Particulate Matter of Santiago Metropolitan Area, Chile

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Toro Araya ◽  
Robert Flocchini ◽  
Rául G. E. Morales Segura ◽  
Manuel A. Leiva Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
World Health ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Fine Particulate

Measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in South American cities are limited, and most existing data are of short term and limited to only a few locations. For 6 years (2002–2007), concentrations of fine particulate matter and organic and elemental carbon were measured continuously in the capital of Chile. The contribution of carbonaceous aerosols to the primary and secondary fractions was estimated at three different sampling sites and in the warm and cool seasons. The results demonstrate that there are significant differences in the levels in both the cold (March to August) and warm (September to February) seasons at all sites studied. The percent contribution of total carbonaceous aerosol fine particulate matter was greater in the cool season (53 ± 41%) than in the warm season (44 ± 18%). On average, the secondary organic carbon in the city corresponded to 29% of the total organic carbon. In cold periods, this proportion may reach an average of 38%. A comparison of the results with the air quality standards for fine particulate matter indicates that the total carbonaceous fraction alone exceeds the World Health Organization standard (10 µg/m3) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency standard (15 µg/m3) for fine particulate matter.

scholarly journals A review of particulate matter emissions and impacts on human health: A focus on Canadian agricultural and rural emission sources

2018 ◽  
pp. 6.09-6.21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Spencer ◽  
Bill Van Heyst
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Inorganic Aerosols ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Particulate matter (PM) has been documented in an increasing number of research studies as having a known or suspected negative impact on human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 3.1 million deaths were caused by ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 2010. While many Canadian studies focus on health impacts from PM2.5, there is a gap with respect to rural sourced PM2.5 and health impacts in these areas. This paper reviews the impact PM2.5 has on Canadians’ health, investigates where PM2.5 data is being gathered, and outlines the sources of PM2.5 reported. Secondary inorganic aerosols that are formed in and around animal production facilities due to the higher prevalence of ammonia gas is of particular interest. The conclusion drawn is that the reporting and gathering of rural sourced PM2.5 data is lacking, leading to a gap in the data used to determine the impacts on Canadian human health.

scholarly journals Particulate matter of different sizes associated with acute lower respiratory infection outpatient visits in children: a counterfactual analysis in Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Liang ◽  
Qiong Meng ◽  
Qiaohuan Yang ◽  
Na Chen ◽  
Chuming You
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Background The burden of lower respiratory infection is primarily borne by developing countries. However, the association between particulate matter of different sizes and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outpatient visits in developing countries is less studied. Methods We obtained data on ALRI outpatient visits (N = 105,639) from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2013 and 2019. Over-dispersed generalized additive Poisson models were employed to evaluate the excess risk (ER) associated with particulate matter [inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)]. Counterfactual analyses were used to examine the potential percent reduction of ALRI outpatient visits if the levels of air pollution were as low as those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results There were 35,310 pneumonia, 68,218 bronchiolitis, and 2,111 asthma outpatient visits included. Each 10 µg/m3 increase of three-day moving averages of particulate matter was associated with significant ER [95% confidence interval (CI)] of outpatient visits of pneumonia [PM2.5: 3.71% (2.91%, 4.52%); PMc: 9.19% (6.94%, 11.49%); PM10: 4.36% (3.21%, 5.52%)], bronchiolitis [PM2.5: 3.21% (2.49%, 3.93%); PMc: 9.13% (7.09%, 11.21%); PM10: 3.12% (2.10%, 4.15%)], and asthma [PM2.5: 3.45% (1.18%, 5.78%); PMc: 11.69% (4.45%, 19.43%); PM10: 3.33% (0.26%, 6.49%)]. The association between particulate matter and pneumonia outpatient visits was stronger among male patients and in cold seasons. Counterfactual analyses suggested that PM2.5 was associated with the largest potential decline of ALRI outpatient visits [pneumonia: 3.89%, 95% CI: (3.24%, 5.52%); bronchiolitis: 4.35% (3.06%, 4.82%); asthma: 5.98% (1.92%, 10.37%)] if the air pollutants were reduced to the level of the reference guidelines. Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 is associated with significant risk of ALRI outpatient visits, among which PM2.5 is associated with the highest potential decline in outpatient visits if it could be reduced to the WHO recommended level.

Short-Term Association between Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Atrial Fibrillation Episodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Dahlquist* ◽  
Emma Svennberg ◽  
Viveka Frykman ◽  
Leif Friberg ◽  
Mårten Rosenqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Sub-Daily Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Ambulance Dispatches during Wildfire Seasons: A Case-Crossover Study in British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 067006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayun Yao ◽  
Michael Brauer ◽  
Julie Wei ◽  
Kimberlyn M. McGrail ◽  
Fay H. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Daily Exposure ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Examining the Spatio-temporal Dynamics of PM2.5 in Saudi Arabia Using Satellite-derived Data: A Cluster Study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Aina ◽  
Elhadi Adam ◽  
Fethi Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Fine Particulate

The study of the concentrations and effects of fine particulate matter in urban areas have been of great interest to researchers in recent times. This is due to the acknowledgment of the far-reaching impacts of fine particulate matter on public health. Remote sensing data have been used to monitor the trend of concentrations of particulate matter by deriving aerosol optical depth (AOD) from satellite images. The Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) has released the second version of its global PM2.5 data with improvement in spatial resolution. This paper revisits the study of spatial and temporal variations in particulate matter in Saudi Arabia by exploring the cluster analysis of the new data. Cluster analysis of the PM2.5 values of Saudi cities is performed by using Anselin local Moran’s I statistic. Also, the analysis is carried out at the regional level by using self-organizing map (SOM). The results show an increasing trend in the concentrations of particulate matter in Saudi Arabia, especially in some selected urban areas. The eastern and south-western parts of the Kingdom have significantly clustering high values. Some of the PM2.5 values have passed the threshold indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) standard and targets posing health risks to Saudi urban population.

scholarly journals The Effect of Emission Inventory on Modelling of Seasonal Exposure Metrics of Particulate Matter and Ozone with the WRF-Chem Model for Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5414
Author(s):  
Maciej Kryza ◽  
Małgorzata Werner ◽  
Justyna Dudek ◽  
Anthony James Dore
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Exposure Metrics

In Poland, high concentrations of particulate matter (with a diameter smaller than 2.5 or 10 μm) exceeding the WHO threshold values are often measured in winter, while ozone (O3) concentrations are high in spring. In winter high PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are linked to high residential combustion and road transport. The main objective of this study was to assess performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model in reproducing observations for a period of 2017-2018 covering various meteorological conditions. We compare modelled and observed exposure metrics for PM2.5, PM10 and O3 for two sets of the WRF-Chem model runs: with coarse and fine resolution emission inventory (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (CIEP), respectively). CIEP run reduces the negative bias of PM2.5 and PM10 and improves the model performance for number of days with exceedance of WHO (World Health Organization) threshold for PM2.5 and PM10 24-h mean concentration. High resolution emission inventory for primary aerosols helps to better distinguish polluted urban areas from non-urban ones. There are no large differences for the model performance for O3 and secondary inorganic aerosols, and high-resolution emission inventory does not improve the results in terms of 8-h rolling mean concentrations of ozone.

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