Using Social Network Sites to Boost Savoring: Positive Effects on Positive Emotions

Research has demonstrated that positive interventions (PIs) can be effective in enhancing well-being. Our study used Facebook to conduct a PI based on savoring. Sixty-one university students in Taiwan were randomly assigned to undergo a three-week savoring PI, and 61 participants were assigned to a no-treatment control group. The results showed significantly enhanced positive affect in the treatment group compared to the control group, in both a post-test and a final follow-up, but no significant differences between the two groups in negative affect. The treatment group also displayed significantly lower depression in the post-test, which was not maintained at the follow-up. These results indicate that, for university students, a savoring intervention via Facebook can be an effective way of enhancing positive emotions.

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Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention on Acculturation

Research on Social Work Practice ◽

10.1177/1049731516646857 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 68-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jia-Yan Pan ◽

Petrus Ng ◽

Daniel Kim-Wan Young ◽

Schoepf Caroline

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

University Students ◽

Acculturative Stress ◽

Group Intervention ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Positive Effects

Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) in improving mental health and promoting postmigration growth for Mainland university students in Hong Kong. Methods: Thirty-six Mainland students with mild-to-moderate levels of psychological distress have completed a 8-session CBI group. Various mental health measures have been administered at the pre-, post-, and 3-month follow-up tests. Results: The levels of psychological distress, acculturative stress, and negative emotions and negative thoughts of the participants were significantly reduced, while their positive emotions and postmigration growth were significantly increased upon completion of the CBI group. The positive effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: CBI group appears to be an effective intervention approach for improving the mental health and promoting postmigration growth for Mainland university students in Hong Kong. Implications for social work practices when engaging with Chinese international students were provided.

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Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in Schoolchildren: Two-Year Follow-Up

Psychological Science ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00524.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 343-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 270

Author(s):

Jane E. Gillham ◽

Karen J. Reivich ◽

Lisa H. Jaycox ◽

Martin E.P. Seligman

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Social Problem ◽

Sixth Grade ◽

Social Problem Solving ◽

Control Group ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Treatment Control Group

After teaching cognitive and social-problem-solving techniques designed to prevent depressive symptoms, we followed 69 fifth- and sixth-grade children at risk for depression for 2 years We compared these children with 49 children in a matched no-treatment control group The prevention group reported fewer depressive symptoms through the 2-year followup, and moderate to severe symptoms were reduced by half Surprisingly, the effects of the prevention program grew larger after the program was over We suggest that psychological immunization against depression can occur by teaching cognitive and social skills to children as they enter puberty

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Reversal of cerebral vasospasm using an intrathecally administered nitric oxide donor

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1998.89.2.0279 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 279-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Erich W. Wolf ◽

Amit Banerjee ◽

Jill Soble-Smith ◽

F. Curtis Dohan ◽

Richard P. White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Cerebral Vasospasm ◽

Low Dose ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Control ◽

No Donor ◽

Content Type ◽

Dose Treatment ◽

Treatment Control Group ◽

Fine Print

Object. Intrathecal bolus administration of (Z)-1-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)aminio]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DETA/NO), a long half-life diazeniumdiolate-class nitric oxide (NO) donor, was evaluated for safety and efficacy in the treatment of delayed cerebral vasospasm in a canine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods. The baseline basilar artery (BA) diameter of 25 dogs was measured with the aid of angiography on Day 0. Vasospasm was then induced by intracisternal injection of autologous arterial blood on Days 0 and 2. Repeated arteriography on Day 7 revealed an average BA diameter of 58% of baseline. Each dog was then randomized to one of four groups: a pathology control group (SAH only, four animals); a treatment control group (SAH plus 2 µmol of the inactive drug carrier DETA, eight animals); a low-dose treatment group (SAH plus 0.2 µmol DETA/NO, six animals); or a high-dose treatment group (SAH plus 2 µmol DETA/NO, six animals). The drugs were administered in a 2-ml intrathecal bolus via the cisterna magna. Arterial caliber was monitored by angiography over the subsequent 4 hours. A 2-µmol dose of the drug was then given and serial arteriography continued for an additional hour to screen for tachyphylaxis. Intracranial pressure and respiratory and hemodynamic parameters were continuously monitored. Histopathological analyses of the animals' brains were performed after the dogs were killed on Day 8. The drug DETA/NO produced reversal of vasospasm in a dose-dependent fashion that roughly followed a double exponential time course. Doses of 2 µmol DETA/NO resulted in restoration of the angiographically monitored BA diameter to the prevasospasm size at 1.5 hours posttreatment, and this was sustained at 88% of baseline at 4 hours (p < 0.01, independent samples t-test). By contrast, the treatment control group remained on average at 54% of baseline diameter. The low-dose treatment group achieved only partial and more transitory relaxation. Histopathological analyses showed findings consistent with chronic SAH but did not demonstrate any toxicity associated with the NO donor. No adverse physiological changes were seen. Conclusions. This study indicates that long-acting NO donors are potentially useful as agents to restore circulation in patients suffering from cerebral vasospasm.

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Effects of Achievement Motivation Training on Academic Performance of Underachievers

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1980.47.2.567 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 567-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Allan Markle ◽

Roger C. Rinn ◽

Brenda Goodwin

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Training Program ◽

Achievement Motivation ◽

Treated Group ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Present Program ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Treatment Control Group

In an attempt to help underachieving students improve academic performance, an Achievement Motivation Training program was developed. Although similar to other programs focusing on achievement motivation, substantial differences exist, particularly since the present program is presented in an outpatient format rather than integrated into the classroom. 54 students (Grades 3 to 11), referred by their counselors, were subjects; half of these completed our Achievement Motivation Training program, the other half served as a no-treatment control group. The treated group showed a significant improvement in grades from before training to follow-up as well as significantly greater improvement than the control group. Also, a new methodology was offered and tested, demonstrating that a no-treatment group may not be necessary when grades are the primary dependent variable.

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The Impact of Emotional Intelligence towards Political Behaviour among University Students

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.1.28227 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Siti Sarawati Johar ◽

Sazuliana Sanif ◽

Fauziah Ani ◽

Harliana Halim ◽

Shahidah Hamzah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Treatment Group ◽

University Students ◽

The Political ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Political Behaviour ◽

Post Test ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

In this experimental study, the issue is focused on the influence of emotional intelligence in shaping the political behaviour of university youth students. The specific objective of this study is to examine the impacts of emotional intelligence competency on political behaviour among youth at the university by looking at the significance difference in the treatment group and the control group through application of emotional intelligence module. A total of 608 university students were selected as respondents from four public universities in Malaysia. The measuring tools used were the Emotional Intelligence Self-Description Inventory (EISDI), and the Political Behaviour Questionnaire (PBQ). In this study, T-test analysis and ANOVA test were used to determine the difference between the two control and treatment groups. The findings showed that there was a significant impact on the post-test for the treatment group due to the pre-and post-treatment differences. However, the findings from the control group showed no significant value. In addition, the findings show that the treatment group has the impact of changing the political behaviour with the implementation of emotional intelligence competencies in the teaching modules. The findings of this study provided sharing of the importance of the implementation of emotional intelligence among university students to form positive behaviours in political aspects.

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Efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention programme with and without virtual reality support to reduce stress in university students: protocol for a randomized controlled pragmatic trial

10.21203/rs.2.12892/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marta Modrego-Alarcón ◽

María Teresa Navarro-Gil ◽

María Beltrán-Ruiz ◽

Alicia Monreal-Bartolomé ◽

Santiago Gascón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

University Students ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Group ◽

Large Sample Size ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: There is growing concern about mental health problems in university students. For this reason, mindfulness training is becoming increasingly popular in university settings. However, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) usually present high attrition rates. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a MBI to reduce perceived stress and to improve the psychological well-being of university students, as well as to explore the capacity of virtual reality (VR) to enhance adherence to the intervention. Methods: This study protocol presents a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving assessment time points of baseline, posttreatment and 6-month follow-up. A total of 280 students from the Spanish National Distance Education University (UNED) or the University of Zaragoza will be randomly assigned to a mindfulness condition, a mindfulness condition complemented by VR, and a relaxation condition to serve as a control group. Stress will be the main outcome and will be measured using the 10-item self-report Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Other well-being and academic functioning outcomes will be assessed, as well as variables that explore the impact of VR. Multilevel mixed-effects models will be calculated to estimate the efficacy of the programme, and effect size estimations will be carried out. Effects of VR in adherence to programme will be evaluated. Discussion: Some strengths of this study are the RCT design, which includes a suitable active control group and a 6-month follow-up assessment; a large sample size of university students at different stages of their courses and a variety of degrees; and the incorporation of the VR support to facilitate completion of the MBI programme. Potential limitations are the voluntary participation of the students and the utilization of self-report measures.Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03771300.

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Improving the psychological well-being of prisoners through group counseling with solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) approach

Psikohumaniora Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi ◽

10.21580/pjpp.v5i2.6036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 155-168

Author(s):

Ade Sucipto ◽

Edy Purwanto ◽

Muhammad Japar ◽

Agnieszka Iłendo-Milewska

Keyword(s):

Group Counseling ◽

Brief Therapy ◽

Well Being ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Control Group ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Solution Focused Brief Therapy ◽

Post Test ◽

Solution Focused

Psychological well-being (PWB) is synonymous with happiness which is important for every prisoner. PWB is important for prisoners considering prisoners have different lives and Prisoners are increasingly depressed by the label of villains from the community. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of group counseling with the solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) approach to improve prisoners' pwb. This study used a quasi-experimental design with repeated measurements (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up). The research subjects were divided into two, namely 7 prisoners in the experimental group and 7 prisoners in the control group. Subjects were selected using purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria and PWB levels obtained from the psychological well-being scale. This study's results indicate that group counseling with the SFBT approach is proven to be effective in increasing PWB of Class II A prisoners in Pekalongan City during the pre-test vs post-test, and post-test vs follow-up. This study's results can be used as a consideration, reference, and alternative for counselors to use the SFBT approach in dealing with problems related to psychology, especially PWB.

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Prevention of Depressive Symptoms and Promotion of Well-being in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Smile Program

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.35.2.342591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 300-313

Author(s):

Óscar Sánchez-Hernández ◽

Francisco X. Méndez ◽

Manuel Ato ◽

Judy Garber

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Well Being ◽

Behavioral Approach ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Post Test ◽

Intervention Condition

This study addressed the development and evaluation of the Smile Program whose main objective was the prevention of depression and the promotion of well-being in adolescents. The program is based on interventions that have been shown to be efficacious (a cognitive-behavioral approach). Participants were 89 adolescents (mean age = 13.88 years; SD = 0.95) recruited from a sample of 1212 students from seven schools. Results showed a significant reduction in self-reported depressive symptoms in the intervention group (n= 51) as compared to youth in the control group (n= 38). Based on parents’ report (n=56), youth in the intervention group had significantly better self-esteem at post-test as compared to youth in the control group. At four months post intervention, youth in the intervention group had higher psychological well-being than those in the control group; at the 8-month follow-up, youth in the intervention condition reported better family self-concept.

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Impact of a University-Wide Interdisciplinary Mind-Body Skills Program on Student Mental and Emotional Well-Being

Global Advances in Health and Medicine ◽

10.1177/2164956120973983 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 216495612097398

Author(s):

Brenna K Novak ◽

Anna Gebhardt ◽

Harini Pallerla ◽

Susan Blocksom McDonald ◽

Aviad Haramati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Well Being ◽

Public University ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Booster Sessions ◽

The Mind

Background Positive effects of mind-body skills programs on participant well-being have been reported in health professions students. The success seen with medical students at this university led to great interest in expanding the mind-body skills program so students in other disciplines could benefit from the program. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a 9-week mind-body skills program on the mental and emotional well-being of multidisciplinary students compared to controls. We also sought to determine if the program’s effects were sustained at 1-year follow-up. Methods A cross-sectional pre-post survey was administered online via SurveyMonkey to participants of a 9-week mind-body skills program and a control group of students from 7 colleges at a public university from 2017–2019. Students were assessed on validated measures of stress, positive/negative affect, resilience, depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance, mindfulness, empathy, and burnout. Scores were analyzed between-groups and within-groups using bivariate and multivariate analyses. A 1-year follow-up was completed on a subset of participants and controls. Results 279 participants and 247 controls completed the pre-survey and post-survey (79% response rate; 71% female, 68% white, mean age = 25 years). Participants showed significant decreases in stress, negative affect, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and burnout, while positive affect, resilience, mindfulness, and empathy increased significantly ( P < .05). Only sleep disturbance showed a significant decrease in the control group. Follow-up in a subset of participants showed that only mindfulness remained elevated at 1-year ( P < .05), whereas the significant changes in other well-being measures were not sustained. Conclusion Participation in a 9-week mind-body skills program led to significant improvement in indicators of well-being in multidisciplinary students. A pilot 1-year follow-up suggests that effects are only sustained for mindfulness, but not other parameters. Future programming should focus on implementing mind-body skills booster sessions to help sustain the well-being benefits.

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