Effects of Achievement Motivation Training on Academic Performance of Underachievers

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Markle ◽  
Roger C. Rinn ◽  
Brenda Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Present Program ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Treatment Control Group

In an attempt to help underachieving students improve academic performance, an Achievement Motivation Training program was developed. Although similar to other programs focusing on achievement motivation, substantial differences exist, particularly since the present program is presented in an outpatient format rather than integrated into the classroom. 54 students (Grades 3 to 11), referred by their counselors, were subjects; half of these completed our Achievement Motivation Training program, the other half served as a no-treatment control group. The treated group showed a significant improvement in grades from before training to follow-up as well as significantly greater improvement than the control group. Also, a new methodology was offered and tested, demonstrating that a no-treatment group may not be necessary when grades are the primary dependent variable.

Protective effects of histamine on Gq-mediated relaxation in regenerated endothelium

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. H286-H290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin K. Chan ◽  
Song Yan Liao ◽  
Yue Lin Zhang ◽  
Aimin Xu ◽  
Hung Fat Tse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Porcine Coronary Artery ◽  
Endogenous Histamine ◽  
Coronary Endothelium ◽  
Treatment Control Group

In the porcine coronary artery, regenerated endothelium is dysfunctional as regards the responses to endothelium-dependent agonists. The current study aimed to determine the possible involvement of histamine in such dysfunction. Pigs were treated chronically with pyrilamine (H1 receptor inhibitor, 2 mg·kg−1·day−1) with part of their coronary endothelium and allowed to regenerate for 28 days after balloon denudation. The results showed a reduction in relaxation to bradykinin (Gq protein dependent) only in the pyrilamine-treated group (area under the curve, 269.7 ± 13.4 vs. 142.0 ± 31.0, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium) but not in the control group (253.0 ± 22.1 vs. 231.9 ± 29.5, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). The differences in the relaxation to serotonin (Gi protein dependent) between native and regenerated endothelium were not affected by the pyrilamine treatment (control group, 106.3 ± 17.0 vs. 55.61 ± 12.7; and pyrilamine group, 106.0 ± 8.20 vs. 49.30 ± 6.31, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). These findings indicate that during regeneration of the endothelium, the activation of H1 receptors by endogenous histamine may be required to maintain the endothelium-dependent Gq protein-mediated relaxation to bradykinin, suggesting a beneficial role of the monoamine in the process of endothelial regeneration.

Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in Schoolchildren: Two-Year Follow-Up

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Gillham ◽  
Karen J. Reivich ◽  
Lisa H. Jaycox ◽  
Martin E.P. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Treatment Control Group

After teaching cognitive and social-problem-solving techniques designed to prevent depressive symptoms, we followed 69 fifth- and sixth-grade children at risk for depression for 2 years We compared these children with 49 children in a matched no-treatment control group The prevention group reported fewer depressive symptoms through the 2-year followup, and moderate to severe symptoms were reduced by half Surprisingly, the effects of the prevention program grew larger after the program was over We suggest that psychological immunization against depression can occur by teaching cognitive and social skills to children as they enter puberty

Behavioral Change in a Short-Term, Intensive Multi-Modal Alcoholism Treatment Program

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund J. Freedberg ◽  
William E. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Treatment Control Group

Self-ratings of behavioral and attitude change by a group of 433 employed alcoholics who had experienced an intensive 3-wk. residential treatment program were compared with self-ratings from a 55-subject delayed-treatment control group. The treated group showed significant improvement on the 7 dimensions measured: employment (job satisfaction), under-assertion, over-assertion, communication, interpersonal relations, depression, and relaxation. The delayed-treatment control subjects showed a decrement on the employment subscale, and no change on the other 6 subscales. When the controls did enter treatment, they showed improvement on all seven dimensions, and the improvement was significant on under-assertion, depression, and relaxation.

scholarly journals Study of the velocity of upper canine retraction after alveolar corticotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
A. Mezari ◽  
F. Si Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Canine Retraction ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alveolar corticotomy on orthodontic tooth movement when retracting upper canines compared with the conventionnal treatment. The sample consisted of 30 patients with a mean age of 21 ± 2 years requiring the therapeutic extraction of the maxillary first premolars, with subsequent retraction of the maxillary canines. The subjects were divided into two groups, one receiving orthodontic treatment assisted corticotomy (experimental group) and the other conventional treatment (control group). The velocity of the retraction of the upper canine was evaluated by measuring the distance between the canine and second premolar on each side of the mouth for both groups at 2 months, and 4 months after canine retraction. Results: the velocity of canine was significantly higher on the experimental group than the control group by two times during the first two months after canine retraction. This rate declined to 1.25 times higher after four months. Conclusion: alveolar corticotomy increased orthodontic tooth movement when retracting upper canines.

Multidisciplinary pain center follow-up study: Evaluation with a no-treatment control group

Pain ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Guck ◽  
Miles F. Skultety ◽  
Philip W. Meilman ◽  
Thomas E. Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Pain Center ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Multidisciplinary Pain Center

Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for improving erectile function and climacturia in men after prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1298-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Kannan ◽  
Stanley J Winser ◽  
Lam Choi Ho ◽  
Leung C Hei ◽  
Lam C Kin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Treatment Control Group

Objective:To determine the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction and climacturia.Data sources:Multiple databases were searched from database inception to February 2019.Review methods:Randomized controlled trials comparing physiotherapy interventions to control were included.Results:The search yielded 127 potentially relevant articles; seven met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Meta-analysis of two studies revealed a statistically significant effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback compared to the no treatment control group for erectile function at the12-month follow-up period (risk ratio (RR) = 3.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–13.05; P = 0.05). Data from one small study ( n = 31) identified a greater number of men reporting improved climacturia in the PFMT plus electrical stimulation group compared to the no treatment control group, and the overall effect was significant (RR = 15.60, 95% CI = 0.95–254.91; P = 0.05). Meta-analyses of two studies found no statistically significant differences between groups receiving PFMT and no treatment control for erectile function or climacturia at long-term follow-up.Conclusions:PFMT augmented with biofeedback improves erectile function after prostatectomy. Data from a single study found PFMT combined with electrical stimulation to be beneficial for postprostatectomy climacturia. However, electrical stimulation is recommended for terminally ill people only. The effect of PFMT alone on postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction and climacturia remains inconclusive. However, this is likely to be affected by the participant adherence and physiotherapy supervision. High-quality trials providing intensive supervision and due consideration of adherence factors are recommended.

A Comparison of Different Treatments for Nocturnal Bruxism

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Pierce ◽  
E.N. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Splint Therapy ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Treatment Control Group

One hundred bruxers were evaluated for bruxing activity before, during, and after treatment with a portable electromyograph (EMG). A six-month post-treatment follow-up of bruxing activity was obtained. Experimental treatment groups consisted of diurnal biofeedback, nocturnal biofeedback, massed negative practice, and splint therapy. A no-treatment control group was included. The comparative efficacy of treatments was determined by analyses of variance. Both EMG-measured frequency of bruxing episodes and duration of bruxing activity decreased significantly for nocturnal biofeedback and splint therapy treatments but not for massed negative practice, diurnal biofeedback (relaxation), or the no-treatment control group. The two-week treatment effects were transient, and bruxing activity generally returned to baseline levels when treatment was withdrawn. These findings are consistent with the findings of previous researchers with regard to nocturnal biofeedback and splint therapy but differ from previous findings for massed negative practice therapy.

MODE OF ACTION OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE SECRETION AND RELEASE OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) IN THE CASTRATED RAM

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Group D ◽  
Treatment Control Group

ABSTRACT The mode of action of a single injection of testosterone propionate on LH secretion and release has been studied in the castrated ram. In the first experiment, six castrated rams were injected intramuscularly with 400 mg of testosterone propionate, and the plasma LH levels were assayed by radioimmunoassay: on the first day after treatment, the plasma LH levels decreased significantly (P < 0.001), then remained at a very low level for 5–7 days; initial LH levels were restored by day 9. Testosterone propionate thus blocks the discharge of LH. A second experiment was then performed. Castrated rams in groups of 3 were killed either without treatment (control group D0), or 2, 7 or 9 days after the injection of testosterone propionate (groups D2, D7 and D9). In addition to the plasma LH, hypophyseal LH and hypothalamus LRF (LH releasing factor) were measured: the LRF activity was assessed by the quantity of LH released in vitro from the hypophysis of castrated rats blocked with testosterone propionate. The LH released into the incubation medium and the hypophyseal LH of the ram were measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid method and by radioimmunology. The results of the plasma LH assays were comparable to those in the first experiment: plasma LH was significantly decreased in group D2, increased in group D7 and was restored in group D9. Hypophyseal levels, on the other hand, increased in groups D2 and D7, but were comparable to the controls in group D9, indicating that the injection of testosterone propionate had little or no effect on LH secretion. Finally, the LRF activity was considerably reduced in group D2 (P<0.001) as compared with the controls (D0), but similar to the control values in group D9. Although secretion appeared normal, the decreased plasma LH levels in group D2 indicated that LRF had not been released; consequently the decrease in LRF observed can be interpreted as being due to an inhibition of its synthesis under the influence of testosterone propionate.

scholarly journals Effect of Melatonin and in Combination with CIDR on Reproductive Performance in anestrus lactating Iraqi buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Al-Hamedawi, T. M.
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Duration Of Response ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Treatment Control Group

The present study was performed on 30 lactating Iraqi buffaloes suffered from ovarian inactivity diagnosed by rectal palpation during 60-90 days postpartum, aged between 3-6 years at Al-Thahab Al-Abiad village / Abu-Graib / Baghdad province during the period from February- June 2020 . The animals divided into three equal groups (10 buffaloes for each one). 1st group treated with melatonin implants (90mg/animals/SC) for 30 days but 2nd group treated with melatonin implants conjugated with CIDR (1.38 gm) in day 20 for 10 days, 3rd group without treatment (control group). The results in this study were recorded animal response 90%, 100% and 50% in 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups respectively with superior significantly (P<0.01) for treated groups compared with control group and 8.26±1.33, 7.15±0.97 and 160.5±14.31 days which represented the duration of response in 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups respectively with significantly differences (P<0.01) related with control, but the number of services per conception recorded insignificantly in all groups, while the pregnancy rate revealed significant differences (P<0.01) in treated group compared with control group. Finally the days open recorded 153.6±6.72, 142.8±7.45 and 217.3±19.56 in 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups respectively with highly significantly (P<0.01) in treated group compared with control group. In conclusion in present study, the role of melatonin in improvement of reproductive performance in anestrus lactating Iraqi buffaloes suffered from ovarian inactivity was safe and effective

scholarly journals Using Social Network Sites to Boost Savoring: Positive Effects on Positive Emotions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6407
Author(s):  
Sen-Chi Yu ◽  
Kennon M. Sheldon ◽  
Wen-Ping Lan ◽  
Jia-Huei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
University Students ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Treatment Control Group

Research has demonstrated that positive interventions (PIs) can be effective in enhancing well-being. Our study used Facebook to conduct a PI based on savoring. Sixty-one university students in Taiwan were randomly assigned to undergo a three-week savoring PI, and 61 participants were assigned to a no-treatment control group. The results showed significantly enhanced positive affect in the treatment group compared to the control group, in both a post-test and a final follow-up, but no significant differences between the two groups in negative affect. The treatment group also displayed significantly lower depression in the post-test, which was not maintained at the follow-up. These results indicate that, for university students, a savoring intervention via Facebook can be an effective way of enhancing positive emotions.

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