scholarly journals Markers Specific to Bacteroides fragilis Group Bacteria as Indicators of Anthropogenic Pollution of Surface Waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7137
Author(s):  
Sebastian Niestępski ◽  
Monika Harnisz ◽  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Adriana Osińska
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Discharge Point ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of markers specific to Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) bacteria as indicators of anthropogenic pollution of surface waters. In addition, the impact of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the spread of genes specific to fecal indicator bacteria and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance in water bodies was also determined. Samples of hospital wastewater (HWW), untreated wastewater (UWW), and treated wastewater (TWW) evacuated from a WWTP were collected, and samples of river water were taken upstream (URW) and downstream (DRW) from the wastewater discharge point to determine, by qPCR, the presence of genes specific to BFG, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, and the abundance of 11 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and two integrase genes. The total number of bacterial cells (TCN) in the examined samples was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Genes specific to BFG predominated among the analyzed indicator microorganisms in HWW, and their copy numbers were similar to those of genes specific to E. coli and E. faecalis in the remaining samples. The abundance of genes specific to BFG was highly correlated with the abundance of genes characteristic of E. coli and E. faecalis, all analyzed ARGs and intI genes. The results of this study indicate that genes specific to BFG can be used in analyses of human fecal pollution, and as indicators of environmental contamination with ARGs. A significant increase in the copy numbers of genes specific to BFG, E. coli, and seven out of the 11 analyzed ARGs was noted in samples of river water collected downstream from the wastewater discharge point, which suggests that WWTPs are an important source of these genes in riparian environments.

scholarly journals Impacts of wastewater discharge from Kalar city on Diyala-Sirwan river water quality, Iraq: pollution evaluation, health risks of heavy metals contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Mohammed Issa ◽  
Azad H. Alshatteri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
River Water ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Discharge Point ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this work, a comprehensive assessment has been performed to understand impact of wastewater discharge from Kalar city on water quality parameters of Diyala-Sirwan river, Iraq. Levels of physicochemical parameters of Ca, K, Na, Mg, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, turbidity, biological oxygen demand, and total hardness, and heavy metals of Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Al, Ba, Se, and As have been determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and other devices. Pollution indices, health risk assessment, and multivariate analysis have been applied to evaluate pollution intensity originated from wastewater discharge on river water quality at different locations, before and after the impact point. Pollution levels of slight to moderate have been identified using different indices for the river water at all sampling locations after the wastewater discharge point. Cluster and correlation analyses showed that the impact of wastewater discharge on the river water quality was occurring along the river within the study area. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment for heavy metals in the river, indicating a potential risk, might on people's health, especially after discharge point. Furthermore, a significant effect of carcinogenic risk by heavy metals of As and Hg was recognized in the same area. This study thus helps to understand clearly the alteration that happened in the water quality of Diyala-Sirwan river due to the discharge of untreated wastewater from Kalar city.

scholarly journals ENDOTOXINEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH OBESITY AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Galyna Fadieienko ◽  
Oleksiy Gridnyev ◽  
Inna Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objective — to study the features of endotoxinemia and its relationship with changes in the intestinal microbial spectrum in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and methods. 84 patients with obesity and NAFLD were examined. The control group consisted of 20 apparently healthy individuals. The concentration of endotoxin (ET) in the blood serum was determined using the LAL Chromogenic Endpoint Assay kit manufactured by Hycult Biotech (Netherlands), relative quantitative composition of the microbiota at the level of basic phylotypes — by real-time polymerase chain reaction (CFX96Touch (Bio-Rad, USA)) using universal primers for the 16SpPHK gene and taxon-specific primers), quantitative composition of microbiota — using test of the «Colonoflor-16» system (Alfalab, RF) by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. Among patients with comorbidity of obesity and NAFLD, there were 40.48 % of males and 59.52 % of females, whose mean age was 53.72 ± 4.61 years. The ET level in the examined patients with comorbidity of obesity and NAFLC was significantly (p < 0.001) higher (1.01 ET/ml) than in the control group (0.60 ET/ml), was significantly (p < 0,05) is higher in women than in men (1.06 and 0.92 UE/ml, respectively) and increased with increasing age of patients (r = 0.30, p < 0.05). The ET level correlated with the relative content of Firmicutes (r = 0.39, p < 0.05) and their ratio in Bacteroidetes (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) and the level of Bifidobacterium spp. (r = 0 .37, p < 0 .05) a nd h ad a n i nverse r elationship w ith t he r elative c ontent o f B acteroidetes ( r = – 0.42, p < 0.01), including Bacteroides fragilis group (r = – 0.43, p < 0.01), Escherichia coli (r = – 0.41, p < 0.01) and total bacterial mass (r = – 0.39, p < 0.05). In the intestinal microbiota of the examined patients, a decrease in the representatives of the Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in 84.5 % and 30.9 % of patients, respectively, as well as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (88.0 %), Akkermansia muciniphila (79.8 %) and Faecalibacteriumprausnitzii (33.3 %). Whereas the number of gram-negative bacteria increased primarily due to Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter spp (45.2 %), Escherichia coli (19 %), Bacteroides fragilis group (29.8 %). It should be noted that the decrease in the level of A. muciniphila was often accompanied by an increase in the content of enterobacteria, while the excess content of B. fragilis group was accompanied by an increase above the upper limit of E. coli and the presence of anaerobic imbalance in the microbiota. In turn, increasing the number of Enterobacter spp. / Citrobacter spp. It was often accompanied by an increase in the content of E. coli and representatives of the B. fragilis group, against the background of a reduced number of A. muciniphila. Conclusions. The above indicates the presence of metabolic endotoxinemia in patients with comorbidity of obesity and NAFLD against the background of a decrease in the number of gram-positive anaerobic Lactobacillus spp. i Bifidobacterium spp. and bacteria involved in providing the intestinal barrier function (Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron, Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), which creates conditions for an increased amount of ET into the blood and is especially important against the background of an increase in the content of gram-negative bacteria (representatives of gammaproteobacteria and bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis), which are the source of ET.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant and Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli in River Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Gomi ◽  
Tomonari Matsuda ◽  
Yasufumi Matsumura ◽  
Masaki Yamamoto ◽  
Michio Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
River Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants

ABSTRACT Contamination of surface waters by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and pathogenic bacteria is a great concern. In this study, 531 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the Yamato River in Japan were evaluated phenotypically for resistance to 25 antimicrobials. Seventy-six isolates (14.3%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), 66 (12.4%) were nonsusceptible to one or two classes of agents, and 389 (73.3%) were susceptible. We performed whole-genome sequencing of selected strains by using Illumina technology. In total, the genome sequences of 155 strains were analyzed for antibiotic resistance determinants and phylogenetic characteristics. More than 50 different resistance determinants, including acquired resistance genes and chromosomal resistance mutations, were detected. Among the sequenced MDR strains (n = 66), sequence type 155 (ST155) complex (n = 9), ST10 complex (n = 9), and ST69 complex (n = 7) were prevalent. Among extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains (n = 58), clinically important clonal groups, namely, ST95 complex (n = 18), ST127 complex (n = 8), ST12 complex (n = 6), ST14 complex (n = 6), and ST131 complex (n = 6), were prevalent, demonstrating the clonal distribution of environmental ExPEC strains. Typing of the fimH (type 1 fimbrial adhesin) gene revealed that ST131 complex strains carried fimH22 or fimH41, and no strains belonging to the fimH30 subgroup were detected. Fine-scale phylogenetic analysis and virulence gene content analysis of strains belonging to the ST95 complex (one of the major clonal ExPEC groups causing community-onset infections) revealed no significant differences between environmental and clinical strains. The results indicate contamination of surface waters by E. coli strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant and pathogenic E. coli strains in surface waters is a concern because surface waters are used as sources for drinking water, irrigation, and recreational purposes. In this study, MDR and ExPEC strains in river water were characterized by genomic sequencing and analysis. We detected more than 50 resistance determinants and identified clonal groups specific to MDR and ExPEC strains. This study showed contamination of surface waters by E. coli strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups. Overall, this study advances our understanding of environmental MDR and ExPEC strains.

scholarly journals Feed Fermentation with Reuteran- and Levan-Producing Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces Colonization of Weanling Pigs by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 5743-5752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Sandra Galle ◽  
Minh Hong Anh Le ◽  
Ruurd T. Zijlstra ◽  
Michael G. Gänzle
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Fermented Feed ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThis study determined the effect of feed fermentation withLactobacillus reuterion growth performance and the abundance of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) in weanling piglets.L. reuteristrains produce reuteran or levan, exopolysaccharides that inhibit ETEC adhesion to the mucosa, and feed fermentation was conducted under conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation and under conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Diets were chosen to assess the impact of organic acids and the impact of viableL. reuteribacteria. Fecal samples were taken throughout 3 weeks of feeding; at the end of the 21-day feeding period, animals were euthanized to sample the gut digesta. The feed intake was reduced in pigs fed diets containing exopolysaccharides; however, feed efficiencies did not differ among the diets. Quantification ofL. reuteriby quantitative PCR (qPCR) detected the two strains used for feed fermentation throughout the intestinal tract. Quantification ofE. coliand ETEC virulence factors by qPCR demonstrated that fermented diets containing reuteran significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the copy numbers of genes forE. coliand the heat-stable enterotoxin in feces compared to those achieved with the control diet. Any fermented feed significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the abundance ofE. coliand the heat-stable enterotoxin in colonic digesta at 21 days; reuteran-containing diets reduced the copy numbers of the genes forE. coliand the heat-stable enterotoxin below the detection limit in samples from the ileum, the cecum, and the colon. In conclusion, feed fermentation withL. reuterireduced the level of colonization of weaning piglets with ETEC, and feed fermentation supplied concentrations of reuteran that may specifically contribute to the effect on ETEC.

Impact of Raw Materials and Processing Techniques on The Microbiological Quality of Egyptian Domiati Cheese

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Yeast

Domiati cheese is the most popular brand of cheese ripened in brine in the Middle East in terms of consumed quantities. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the microbiological quality of the used raw materials, the applied traditional processing techniques and ripening period on the quality and safety of the produced cheese. Three hundred random composite samples were collected from three factories at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Collected samples represent twenty-five each of: raw milk, table salt, calf rennet, microbial rennet, water, environmental air, whey, fresh cheese, ripened cheese & swabs from: worker hands; cheese molds and utensils; tanks. All samples were examined microbiologically for Standard Plate Count (SPC), coliforms count, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) count, total yeast & mould count, presence of E. coli, Salmonellae and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The mean value of SPC, coliforms, S. aureus and total yeast & mould counts ranged from (79×102 CFU/m3 for air to 13×108 CFU/g for fresh cheese), (7×102 MPN/ cm2 for tank swabs to 80×106 MPN/ml for raw milk), (9×102 CFU/g for salt to 69×106 CFU/g for fresh cheese) and (2×102 CFU/cm2 for hand swabs to 60×104 CFU/g for fresh cheese), respectively. Whereas, E. coli, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes failed to be detected in all examined samples. There were significant differences in all determined microbiological parameters (p ≤0.05) between fresh and ripened cheese which may be attributed to different adverse conditions such as water activity, pH, salt content and temperature carried out to improve the quality of the product.

A New Large Scale Technic for Quantitative Recovery of Enteroviruses by Adsorption on Suspended Glass Powder. Application to Surface and Drinking Waters of the Paris Area

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Ph Vilaginès ◽  
B Sarrette ◽  
C Danglot ◽  
R Vilaginès
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
Quantitative Recovery

The aim of this work is to describe a new and inexpensive glass powder apparatus allowing virus concentration from 500 1 sample of water (10). Its efficiency was determined by analysis of drinking and surface waters preinoculated by Poliovirus. The detection of viruses from river water is compared when 500 1 (new apparatus) or 10 1 (preceeding apparatus) (7) are processed. The proposed new 500 1 apparatus allowed the recuperation of viruses in 100 % of the analysed samples the 10 1 one allowing their recuperation in only 50 % samples. This method was applied to the virus determination in the surface and drinking waters of the Paris area.

Modeling of pollution from the wastewater discharge of the city of Limassol

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
G. C. Christodoulou ◽  
I. Ioakeim ◽  
K. Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Field Observations ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions ◽  
Continuous Loading

The paper presents a numerical modeling study aimed at a preliminary assessment of the impact of the planned sea outfall of the city of Limassol, Cyprus, on the waters of Akrotiri bay. First the local meteorological and oceanographic conditions as well as the loading characteristics are briefly reviewed. Two-dimensional finite element hydrodynamic and dispersion models are subsequently applied to the study area. The results of the former show an eastbound flow pattern under the prevailing westerly winds, in general agreement with available field observations. The spread of BOD and N under continuous loading is then examined for eastward as well as for westward flow as an indicator for the extent of pollution to be expected. The computed concentrations are generally low and confined to the shallower parts of the bay.

scholarly journals KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI DI KAWASAN WISATA PANTAI PETITENGET, KEROBOKAN KABUPATEN BADUNG BALI

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
Sri Kunti Pancadewi G. A ◽  
Iryanti E. Suprihatin ◽  
Dwi Adi Suastuti G. A.
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pollutant Source ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Impact

In order to maintain the environmental carrying capacity of coastal tourism, this research was conducted to determine the condition of river water environmental pollution in the Petitenget beach area and pollutant source activities. Determination of water quality is carried out by analyzing the water quality taken at several sampling points in the four rivers that lead to the Petitenget beach. Determined the pollution index value (IP) of the physical chemical and biological pollution parameters. The results showed that the four rivers that flow into the Petitenget Beach area had been contaminated with indications of pH, BOD, COD, ammonia, Coliform and E. coli which exceeded water quality category III class quality (PerGub Bali No 16 Year 2016). The four rivers are included in the criteria of severe contamination. The four rivers have experienced physical damage or structural changes that have very high discharge fluctuations both in quantity and quality. Slimy basic structure, smelly and slum aesthetic waters. While the indication of the impact of pollution is waste water which is directly discharged into the river from hotels, restaurants, homestays, commercial centers and settlements.

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