scholarly journals Gender Effect on Political Leaders’ Nonverbal Communicative Structure during the COVID-19 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7789
Author(s):  
Tsfira Grebelsky-Lichtman ◽  
Roy Katz
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Central Effect ◽  
Emotional Communication ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Analytical Frameworks

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been intense interest in political leaders’ nonverbal communicative structures (NCS) during televised appearances. This study analyzes the effect of gender on leaders’ NCS and presents theoretical and analytical frameworks of gendered NCS. We analyzed 20 televised appearances by 10 heads of state (five males and five females) from democratic Western countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that gender had a significant effect on leaders’ NCS, indicating that leaders presented NCS that corresponded to their gender. Male leaders’ masculine NCS included competition, warning, threatening, and scaring behavior, broad proxemics, tension leakage, and illustrative gestures, while female leaders presented feminine NCS of cooperativeness, emotional communication, empathy, optimism, eye contact, and flexible expressions. Furthermore, the effect of gender on leaders’ NCS had an interaction effect with the situation of the pandemic, indicating that countries with a female leader had fewer diseased and severe cases and more calmness and healing NCS. The conclusions present theoretical and analytical frameworks that explain the central effect of gender on contemporary leaders’ NCS. This study develops advanced distinctive profiles for male versus female leaders’ NCS of emotions, cognition, and behavior during a crisis.

When Do Family Ties Matter? The Duration of Female Suffrage and Women’s Path to High Political Office

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Baturo ◽  
Julia Gray
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Female President

While the percentage of female heads of state in the world has increased to around 10 percent in the 2010s, a female president or prime minister still remains an exception. Recent scholarship has proposed a number of explanations behind this phenomenon, but there exist important gaps. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we use new and comprehensive data to undertake a systematic examination of the differences in the personal, education, and career backgrounds between female and male effective political leaders from 1960 to 2010. We find that female leaders are as qualified as men. Second, because the phenomenon of female leadership is still a rare occurrence, we argue that this fact must be accounted for in empirical modeling. Third, we show that many female leaders tend to acquire the necessary resources, support, and name recognition through political dynasties. To that end, women leaders need to rely on family ties more than men do. However, the importance of such connections attenuates when female suffrage has been in place for longer, and citizens are more open to women in politics.

scholarly journals Measuring Bias against Female Political Leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Setzler
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
State Level ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Level I ◽  
Measuring Bias

AbstractMuch research examining gender bias in politics analyzes responses to explicit survey questions asking individuals whether they prefer male over female leaders or agree that male political leaders are superior. Drawing insights from the measurement of other types of prejudice, this article explores the methodological shortcomings of a widely used question of this type. Analyzing the results of two surveys—one national and one state-level—I compare response patterns to a standard, highly explicit question that is frequently administered by the Pew Research Center with those for a modestly altered item that employs multiple strategies to reduce social desirability bias. Compared with the alternative measure, the conventional item seriously underreports prejudice against women leaders. Moreover, the underreporting of bias is especially prevalent among individuals belonging to groups that are strong advocates of gender equality.

scholarly journals An Abstraction of Cyber Inception: Using a Modified Version of Battleship to Study Strategies and Behavior of Deception

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1326-1330
Author(s):  
Verica Buchanan ◽  
Ashley R. Chinzi ◽  
Nicholas C. Day ◽  
Lidija A. Buchanan ◽  
Rachel Specht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Lower Response ◽  
Behavioral Cues ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
And Behavior

Inception has been proposed as a means to protect our cyber domain. In order to fully take advantage of this strategy we must first understand deception from the human point of view, because it is the human cyber attacker that plans and orchestrates cyberattacks. Moreover, although various deceptive tactics are addressed in the cyber-security literature, it appears they are categorized more from the standpoint of technology than from their behavioral origins. In order to better understand the interplay between attacker and defender, and associated cues of deception, we abstracted the cyber deception task. Participants played a modified version of Battleship either face-to-face or with a divider. Deception was significantly higher in the divider condition. Additionally, participants used patterns of deception analogous to cyber attackers and defenders such as blatant lies, diversion, and honeypots. An array of behavioral cues were also observed when participants lied and included variations in tone of voice, less eye contact, lower response time, and other physical indicators. Implications and future projects are discussed.

Gender and Political Cognition: Integrating Evolutionary Biology and Political Science

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Political Cognition

Although men and women often differ in political attitudes and behavior, there is no widely accepted scientific explanation of such phenomena. After surveying evidence concerning gender differences in the fields of social psychology, ethology, neurology, cultural anthropology, and political science, five hypotheses concerning the way males and females respond to social cues are derived from the neo-Darwinian theory of natural selection. The predicted differences in the mode of political cognition are then shown to be consistent with findings from experimental studies of emotional and cognitive reactions to televised facial displays of political leaders.

scholarly journals That Woman from Michigan: How Gender Resentment Shapes the Efficacy of Stay-at-Home Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-990
Author(s):  
Nicole Kalaf-Hughes ◽  
Debra Leiter
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
American National Election Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
At Home

AbstractThe United States has the highest number of COVID-19 cases, yet many Americans have responded indifferently toward policies designed to combat the spread of the virus. While nearly all 50 states have implemented some type of stay-at-home policy to encourage social distancing, there has been high variation in the degree of compliance. We argue that this variance is partly driven by gender resentment. Gender resentment reduces trust in female political leaders and thus decreases compliance with government policy and recommendations. Using data from SafeGraph and the 2016 American National Election Study, we demonstrate that the effect of stay-at-home policies on social distancing is reduced when gender resentment increases in states with female leaders. However, when gender resentment is low, there is no difference in the effect of policies on behavior. This research has important implications for understanding unseen barriers that can mediate the efficacy of female political leaders.

Debacles on the Border: Five Decades of Fact-Free Immigration Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 684 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Durand ◽  
Douglas S. Massey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Undocumented Mexican Migration ◽  
Trump Administration

Since 1987, the Mexican Migration Project (MMP) has compiled extensive data on the characteristics and behavior of documented and undocumented migrants to the United States, and made them publicly available to users to test theories of international migration and evaluate U.S. immigration and border policies. Findings based on these data have been plentiful, but have also routinely been ignored by political leaders, who instead continue to pursue policies with widely documented, counterproductive effects. In this article, we review prior studies based on MMP data to document these effects. We also use official statistics to document circumstances on the border today, and draw on articles in this volume to underscore the huge gap between U.S. policies and the realities of immigration. Despite that net positive undocumented Mexican migration to the United States ended more than a decade ago, the Trump administration continues to demand the construction of a border wall and persists in treating Central American arrivals as criminals rather than asylum seekers, thus transforming what is essentially a humanitarian problem into an immigration crisis.

Choosing union: monetary politics and Maastricht

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Sandholtz
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
European Community ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Monetary Integration ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Monetary Regime ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Heads Of State

At their Maastricht summit, heads of state of the European Community (EC) countries agreed to establish a single currency and a common central bank by the end of the century. For students of international political economy, the treaty on monetary union offers intriguing puzzles: Why did EC governments commit themselves to such a far-reaching sacrifice of sovereignty? Why did national political leaders in some cases outrun public opinion in their enthusiasm for monetary integration? This study seeks a political explanation of the choices that produced the late-1980s movement for monetary union in Europe. It examines the conversion to monetary discipline in several EC states during the 1980s, arguing that the shift toward anti-inflationary rigor was a necessary precondition for discussions on monetary union. The article outlines three general options for a European monetary regime, based variously on unilateral commitments, multilateral arrangements, and full integration. Treating national preference formation as endogenous and requiring explanation, the article weighs five propositions that explain the motives and preferences of national leaders.

scholarly journals Ancient View of Psychological Contract in Gurukula

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Indian Education ◽  
Emotional Communication ◽  
Tension Free ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Financial Relationship ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
Father And Son

The Ancient Indian education system was mainly residential that was Gurukula system of education. Guru used to teach all the skills and knowledge to his student. He used to except the some unspoken obligations and behavior from his students as of his own son’s/daughter’s behavior. Both the Guru and student used live together and learn together. After the completion of the course students used to pay honorarium Guru Dakshina. Guru used to put his students in many difficult situations and ask him to act and respond. Guru used to share all his experiences and care for his students he used to love his students when ever required he used to punish his students. Guru used to except good behavior, feeling of respect, feeling of importance, attention, love, care and loyal relation with his student throughout the life. On other hand student used to see his hero in his master, he should be skillful, intelligent, knowledgeable, should give love, affection, no partiality and should give blessings or boon to the students Guru was everything to him. The relation was like father and son/daughter and the education was perfect. There was no financial relationship between them. Student used to except Guru should solve their all problems and make them tension free and give the remedial solutions for their problems in life. It was sacred relationship between Guru and student like God and Bhakta. The development of psychological contract is based on emotional communication. If there is a miss-conceptualization of perceptions and communication, It will also affects on the attitude and behavior of Guru and students. When there is a breach of psychological contract it is going to affects the society at large.

scholarly journals Political Leaders in the APP Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Raquel Quevedo-Redondo ◽  
Nuria Navarro-Sierra ◽  
Salome Berrocal-Gonzalo ◽  
Salvador Gómez-García
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
The Political ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Mobile Ecosystem ◽  
Heads Of State

This article analyzes the process of symbolic and critical-discursive construction of applications developed for mobile devices for some of the world’s most important heads of state through their manifestation in the ecosystem of mobile applications for iOS and Android. The sample includes 233 applications of 45 politicians from 37 countries. A content analysis-based method was applied to the discourse of these apps and users’ comments. The results reveal the dominant discourses in this scenario and identify the characteristics that influence their popularity, the influence of viral content and their reception in the connection between the mobile ecosystem and the political sphere. The discourse on the apps reveals a commercial interest and the existence of a diffuse diffusion of political commitment in terms of entertainment, parody and virality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document