scholarly journals Intergenerational Factors Influencing Household Cohabitation in Urban China: Chengdu

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4289
Author(s):  
Meimei Wang ◽  
Yongchun Yang ◽  
Mengqin Liu ◽  
Huailiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Family Composition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Important Form

Family composition impacts individual consumption habits, which may potentially transform urban integral space structure. Due to the reform in the housing system at the end of the 1990s and increases in residents’ income, houses became more affordable, and intergenerational household cohabitation is no longer the primary pattern. Nonetheless, as families change, it still remains an important form of family composition. Intergenerational support is important in household habitation. This study examines the temporal changes and the structure of intergenerational household cohabitation. Moreover, intergenerational factors in groups of all genders and ages are analyzed. We found that intergenerational household cohabitation in Chengdu comprises three structures: elders living with married children, elders living with unmarried children, and elders living with grandchildren. According to multiple logistic regression, we can see that inadequate housing, economy of costs, cases of emergency, fear of loneliness, care of grandchildren, and poor health have marked effects on household cohabitation, and the positive or negative effects are distinct regarding different structures. To be more specific, the significance of financial support in family composition decreases, and that of support in daily care increases with age. The influence of financial support, daily care support, and emotional support peaks among those aged between 35–60, followed by individuals under 35, and those aged over 60. Financial support is comparatively important for individuals under 35, and females attach more importance to emotional support in intergenerational household cohabitation. The findings provide a basis for subsequent studies of family composition.

scholarly journals Intergenerational support and subjective wellbeing among oldest-old in China: the moderating role of economic status

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanghong Huang ◽  
Peipei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Intergenerational Support

Abstract Backgrounds The oldest-old population is increasing sharply in China, and intergenerational support has been their primary source of caregiving. Although intergenerational support has been found to be associated with wellbeing of older people in previous study, most analysis were from the perspective of children’s characteristics and exchange patterns. This study aims to investigate the impact of different types of intergenerational support on subjective wellbeing among Chinese oldest-old and the variation across groups of different economic status, based on their five-tier of needs (physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs). Methods We included older adults aged ≥ 80 years from the 2018 Chinese longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We assessed older people’s subjective wellbeing by their life satisfaction and psychological health. We evaluated four types of intergenerational support: parents provide financial support, receive financial, instrumental and emotional support. We applied binary logistic regression analysis to analyze the association between different intergenerational support and older people’s subjective wellbeing and the moderating effect of self-rated economic status on this relationship. Results A total of 8.794 participants were included, with a mean age of 91,46 years (standard deviation:7.60). Older adults who provide financial support (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.85) and receive emotional support (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.83) report better subjective wellbeing. However, receiving instrumental support depressed psychological health (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.79) while improved life satisfaction (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.55). Receiving emotional support promoted parents’ psychological health among all combinations of support, and receiving all the three types together raised their subjective wellbeing most. Conclusions Our study recognizes that higher level of subjective wellbeing for oldest-old is related to providing financial support, receiving emotional and certain instrumental support. In addition, higher economic status can moderate these associations.

scholarly journals Buying out of familial obligation: The tradeoff between financially supporting versus living with elderly parents in Urban China

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhu ◽  
Yu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Children's Interests ◽  
Switching Regression Models

For Chinese families, coresidence with elderly parents is both a form of support and a moderator of financial support. Previous literature on intergenerational support in Chinese societies has studied either coresidence or financial support independently, but not these two forms of support jointly. Using data from the 1999 ‘Study of Family Life in Urban China' in Shanghai, Wuhan, and Xi’an, we examined whether or not adult children, especially sons, buy out of the obligation to live with their parents by providing greater financial support. To account for the potential selection bias associated with coresidence, we treated coresidence and financial transfer as joint outcomes by using endogenous switching regression models. The results showed that children who coreside with their parents would have provided more financial support had they lived away and children who live away from their parents would have provided more financial support had they coresided. These findings suggest a self-selection mechanism that maximizes children’s interests rather than parents’ interests.

Profiling the Users of High Influence on Social Media in the Context of Public Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Lu An ◽  
Junyang Hu ◽  
Manting Xu ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Chuanming Yu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Opinion Leader ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Influential Users

The highly influential users on social media platforms may lead the public opinion about public events and have positive or negative effects on the later evolution of events. Identifying highly influential users on social media is of great significance for the management of public opinion in the context of public events. In this study, the highly influential users of social media are divided into three types (i.e., topic initiator, opinion leader, and opinion reverser). A method of profiling highly influential users is proposed based on topic consistency and emotional support. The event of “Jiankui He Editing the Infants' Genes” was investigated. The three types of users were identified, and their opinion differences and dynamic evolution were revealed. The comprehensive profiles of highly influential users were constructed. The findings can help emergency management departments master the focus of attention and emotional attitudes of the key users and provide the method and data support for opinion management and decision-making of public events.

Abstract P089: Does Social Support Attenuate the Impact of Poverty Status on Body Mass Index?

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarri N Kershaw ◽  
Arlene L Hankinson ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
High Social Support ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Effect Measure Modification ◽  
Emotional Social Support ◽  
The Impact

Background: Chronic stress associated with living in poverty may lead to higher levels of adiposity due to the adoption of obesity-promoting stress coping behaviors. Social support may provide an alternative means of coping with stress, but very few studies have investigated whether high levels of social support can mitigate the adverse impact of poverty on adiposity. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that social support modified the association between poverty and BMI whereby the association of poverty with BMI was weaker among adults who reported higher social support. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008) participants ages 40+ (n=5,768) responded to questions about availability and adequacy of emotional social support (adequate, inadequate, and none) and about availability of financial support (yes/no). Poverty was defined as a poverty:income ratio ≤ 1.3. BMI (kg/m 2 ) was calculated from measured height and weight. Sex-stratified multivariable linear regression with interaction terms for poverty and each measure of social support were used to test for effect measure modification in the relationships between poverty and BMI. Associations of each measure of social support with BMI were modeled separately. Results: Approximately 74.7% of women and 78.3% of men reported adequate emotional support. Available financial support was reported by 80.3% of women and 73.6% of men. Among women, higher poverty was related to higher mean BMI (beta=0.96; SE=0.32). Women who reported adequate emotional support had lower BMI than those who reported inadequate support (beta= −0.83; SE=0.35). Those who reported no available emotional support also had marginally lower mean BMI than women who reported inadequate support (beta= −1.27; SE=0.65; P =0.06). Women who reported having available financial support had lower BMI than those who reported no financial support (beta= −0.97; SE=0.40). There were no significant social support*poverty interactions. The relationship between poverty and BMI was similar in magnitude across levels of emotional support. Poverty was related to higher mean BMI for women who reported available financial support (beta=1.14; SE=0.45) but there was no difference in BMI among those who reported none (beta=0.02; SE=0.54). Neither measure of support was associated with BMI among men. Conclusions: Inadequate emotional support was associated with higher mean BMI in women than those who reported adequate support and those who reported no support. Lack of financial support was also associated with higher mean BMI in women. High social support did not offset the impact of poverty on BMI among women, suggesting social support may not be a sufficient strategy for coping with the stress of poverty.

Economic Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Mona Lena Krook
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Violence ◽  
Property Destruction ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Chapter 15 provides an overview of economic forms of violence against women in politics. Economic violence employs economic hardship and deprivation as a means of control, most often by destroying a person’s property or harming their financial livelihood as a form of intimidation. Forms of economic violence include vandalism, property destruction, theft, extortion, raids to remove property, withholding of funds and resources, threats to terminate employment, withdrawal of financial support, and restrictions on access to funding. Despite direct links between economic violence and the ability of women to perform political functions, it remains a largely invisible phenomenon. Few women, indeed, appear willing to speak on the record about their experiences for fear of negative effects on their personal and professional livelihoods. Relative silence on these dynamics, in turn, means that few measures exist to address economic violence, with civil society largely filling the gap to provide emergency grants and accounting oversight.

scholarly journals Understanding the emergence of entrepreneurial passion

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1368-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Stenholm ◽  
Mette Søgaard Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Passion ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Emotional Aspects

Purpose Recent research acknowledges entrepreneurial passion’s outcomes, but far less is known about how entrepreneurial passion comes about. In this study, the authors are interested in the emergence of entrepreneurial passion, and how competences and social network are associated with entrepreneurial passion. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigate whether entrepreneurial passion emerges out of socialisation, entrepreneurial experience or various combinations thereof. The authors tested the hypotheses on a data set of entrepreneurs who started their businesses with government financial support (n=1150). Findings The findings show that within a social environment, perceived emotional support is positively associated with entrepreneurial passion. Moreover, entrepreneurs’ task-related competence moderates this relationship positively. By investigating the emergence of entrepreneurial passion, the authors contribute to prior passion literature, which has mainly focused on its consequences. Originality/value The findings demonstrate both how entrepreneurial passion is associated with and how perceived emotional support can stem from unexpected sources, such as from a government-based start-up grant. For entrepreneurs, an increased awareness of passion’s emergence could better encourage them in their entrepreneurial endeavours. To people who are engaged in promoting entrepreneurship, our findings emphasise the symbolic and emotional aspects of instruments intended to support entrepreneurship.

Housing system and welfare of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tripaldi ◽  
G. De Rosa ◽  
F. Grasso ◽  
G. M. Terzano ◽  
F. Napolitano
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractTwenty-eight buffalo cows were used to evaluate the effect of housing system on a range of behavioural and physiological variables. Fourteen cows were group-housed in a loose open-sided barn with a concrete floor and 10 m2 per head as space allowance (group IS). Fourteen others were group-housed in a similar barn but they could also benefit from an outdoor yard with 500 m2 per head as space allowance, free access to potholes for wallowing and spontaneous vegetation (group TS). Animals were subjected to six sessions of instantaneous scan sampling at 10-day intervals. Behavioural variables were expressed as proportions of subjects observed in each category of posture and activity. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was used to perform a skin test based on non-specific delayed type hypersensitivity, whereas 20 mg of ovalbumin were injected subcutaneously to evaluate humoral immune response. Blood samples for evaluation of cortisol concentration were collected immediately prior to exogenous porcine ACTH injection and 1, 2 and 4 h after. The metabolic status of the animals and milk production were also monitored. The proportion of idling animals was higher in group IS than in group TS (P < 0.001). More IS buffalo cows were observed eating at the manger than TS animals (P < 0.001). A higher proportion of TS animals were observed in the sun (P < 0.001). Grazing and bathing activities were recorded only for TS animals. Our findings suggest that buffalo cows kept in intensive conditions and having no access to ample yards and potholes may extend their periods of idling with negative effects on the state of welfare. Immune responses, metabolite concentrations and milk production were not affected by treatment, whereas cortisol levels were higher in IS animals (P < 0.05). The provision of a housing system similar to natural conditions was able to improve the welfare of buffalo cows as indicated by the expression of some species-specific natural behaviours. Such conditions were also associated with lower adrenal cortex response to ACTH injection, possibly as a consequence of the higher degree of initiative allowed to TS cows.

scholarly journals How Housing Affects Stock Investment—An SEM Analysis

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiandong Li ◽  
Jianmei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Household Finance ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Wealth Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Equity Investment ◽  
Stock Investment ◽  
Structure Equation Model

The extant literature regarding the effects of housing on stock investment shows inconsistent findings, either positive or negative effects have been reported. This paper investigates the mechanisms by which housing affects household stock investment through a structure equation model (SEM). Applying the data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), we confirm and quantify the magnitudes of contemporaneous “wealth effects” and “crowd-out effects” of housing on household equity investment. Overall, the combined effect of housing on stock investment is positive in the context of urban China.

Intergenerational support among widowed older adults in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenmei Zhang ◽  
I-Fen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Old Age Support ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Parents With Disabilities

With the rapid aging of the Chinese population, growing attention has been given to old-age support. Widowed older adults constitute a particularly vulnerable population because the loss of a spouse can lead to financial hardships and emotional distress. We used data from the 2002 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey to examine multiple dimensions of old-age support among a nationwide sample of widowed old adults ages 65 and older (N = 10,511). The results show that Chinese widows and widowers rely heavily on their adult children, particularly sons and daughters-in-law, for financial, instrumental, and emotional support. Widowed older adults’ needs and the number of children are the most significant predictors of old-age support. Widowed older adults with multiple marriages have a lower likelihood of receiving financial assistance, sick care, and emotional support from their children compared to their counterparts who have married only once. There appears to be same-gender preference in adult children’s care for their widowed parents with disabilities.

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