scholarly journals Clinical Activities, Contaminations of Surgeons and Cooperation with Health Authorities in 14 Orthopedic Departments in North Italy during the Most Acute Phase of Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5340
Author(s):  
Alessandro Aprato ◽  
Nicola Guindani ◽  
Alessandro Massè ◽  
Claudio C. Castelli ◽  
Alessandra Cipolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Trauma Network ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results

Background: From 10 March up until 3 May 2020 in Northern Italy, the SARS-CoV-2 spread was not contained; disaster triage was adopted. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the COVID-19-pandemic on the Orthopedic and Trauma departments, focusing on: hospital reorganization (flexibility, workload, prevalence of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2, standards of care); effects on staff; subjective orthopedic perception of the pandemic. Material and Methods: Data regarding 1390 patients and 323 surgeons were retrieved from a retrospective multicentric database, involving 14 major hospitals. The subjective directors’ viewpoints regarding the economic consequences, communication with the government, hospital administration and other departments were collected. Results: Surgical procedures dropped by 73%, compared to 2019, elective surgery was interrupted. Forty percent of patients were screened for SARS-CoV-2: 7% with positive results. Seven percent of the patients received medical therapy for COVID-19, and only 48% of these treated patients had positive swab tests. Eleven percent of surgeons developed COVID-19 and 6% were contaminated. Fourteen percent of the staff were redirected daily to COVID units. Communication with the Government was perceived as adequate, whilst communication with medical Authorities was considered barely sufficient. Conclusions: Activity reduction was mandatory; the screening of carriers did not seem to be reliable and urgent activities were performed with a shortage of workers and a slower workflow. A trauma network and dedicated in-hospital paths for COVID-19-patients were created. This experience provided evidence for coordinated responses in order to avoid the propagation of errors.

scholarly journals New era of uncertainties: COVID-19 and its impact on Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-81
Author(s):  
Mark Vladimirovich Shugurov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Era ◽  
Socioeconomic System ◽  
Government Aid ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article is aimed at the analysis of social and economic consequences on the novel COVID-19 in Brazil. Brazil has faced multiple problems in fighting pandemic that negatively affected millions of people around the world. The goal of this research lies in determination of the problems that were illuminated by the pandemic in Brazilian society. Analysis is conducted on the consequence of pandemic for Brazil, namely with regards to minorities that rely on the government aid, and the system of public healthcare overall. The article also indicates the mistakes made by the current authorities during pandemic, when due to lack of organization, multiple institutions could not render basic help to reduce the consequences of the chaotic situation faced by the country. As the largest country in South America, Brazil struggled the most in the region; therefore, studying the impact of COVID-19 upon the socioeconomic system of the country is a relevant topic. The article explores the official database and media materials to acquire information on the responsive measures of the government in such sectors as employment, education and healthcare. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive analysis of information that demonstrate the impact of pandemic upon the lives of millions of people in Brazil.

scholarly journals State regulatory measures of the government of India in the situation of the COVID-19 outbreak

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Yogender Chauhan ◽  
Zhanna Mingaleva ◽  
Irina Mirskikh
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Epidemic Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The aim of the paper is to analyze the measures taken by the government of India to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection among the population, as well as to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of companies and enterprises and to prevent a socio-economic crisis. The main shortcomings and positive results achieved by the government of India, state and city administrations in the fight against COVID-19 are identified using bibliographic and comparative analysis methods and taking into account the historical context. The authors conclude that the existing “Epidemic Diseases Act,” 1897, which is applied as the main normative act regulating the epidemiological situation in the country, does not take into account all the factors and conditions of the spread of infectious diseases in the modern world and does not reflect the reality in terms of effective response to the outbreak of coronavirus disease.

scholarly journals Germs on a Plane: The Transmission and Risks of Airplane-Borne Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (29) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereyda L. Sevilla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Pneumonic Plague ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
The Impact

This research explored the role of air travel in the spread of infectious diseases, specifically severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, Ebola, and pneumonic plague. Air travel provides the means for such diseases to spread internationally at extraordinary rates because infected passengers jump from coast to coast and continent to continent within hours. Outbreaks of diseases that spread from person to person test the effectiveness of current public health responses. This research used a mixed methods approach, including use of the Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler, to model the spread of diseases, evaluate the impact of air travel on disease spread, and analyze the effectiveness of different public health strategies and travel policies. Modeling showed that the spread of Ebola and pneumonic plague is minimal and should not be a major air travel concern if an individual becomes infected. H1N1 and SARS have higher infection rates and air travel will facilitate the spread of disease nationally and internationally. To contain the spread of infectious diseases, aviation and public health authorities should establish tailored preventive measures at airports, capture contact information for ticketed passengers, expand the definition of “close contact,” and conduct widespread educational programs. The measures will put in place a foundation for containing the spread of infectious diseases via air travel and minimize the panic and economic consequences that may occur during an outbreak.

scholarly journals Regional sanctions against Burundi: the regime's argumentative self-entrapment

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Grauvogel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Willingness To Engage

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of regional sanctions on the trajectory of the Burundian regime following the 1996 coup. Despite the country's socioeconomic and geopolitical vulnerability, the Buyoya government initially withstood the pressure from sanctions. Through a vocal campaign against these measures, the new government mitigated the embargo's economic consequences and partially re-established its international reputation. Paradoxically, this campaign planted the seed for long-term comprehensive political concessions. While previous literature has attributed the embargo's success to its economic impact, the government actually responded to the sanction senders' key demand to engage in unconditional, inclusive peace talks once the economy had already started to recover. Based on a novel framework for studying the signalling dimension of sanctions, I show how the regime's anti-sanctions campaign, with its emphasis on the government's willingness to engage in peace talks, backfired, with Buyoya forced to negotiate after having become entrapped in his own rhetoric.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND FISCAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE CASE STUDY OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Rufi Osmani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Government Assistance ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to analyse the impact of Covid-19 on economic and fiscal consequences in North Macedonia. In addition, the paper assesses the effects of economic and fiscal packages implemented by the Government of the country. The study uses secondary data in order to find out the real consequences caused by Covid-19 pandemic in the economy of North Macedonia. The findings reveal thatCovid-19 pandemic produced negative economic and fiscal consequences during 2020 in all sectors. Moreover at the end of 2020 the real sector of the economy recorded a 4.5% decline in GDP, the fiscal deficit achived a level of -8.1% of the GDP. The findings of the paper show that government assistance through various packages, partly affected the reduction of negative economic consequences of Covid-19.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Ophthalmology Trainees in Southern India - A Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 1786-1791
Author(s):  
Chethana Warad ◽  
Arvind Tenagi ◽  
Arya Wakankar ◽  
Pranitha Satarasi ◽  
Umesh Harakuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND COVID-19, caused by a new strain of corona virus 2019-nCoV led to a global pandemic after first manifesting in humans in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, which was then extended. Hence, ophthalmology, being a branch which largely deals with elective surgeries, was majorly affected. We need to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on ophthalmology trainees during pandemic in India. METHODS A prospective, observational study in which an online questionnaire (on Google forms) was circulated between 9 th September and 15th September 2020 among ophthalmologists in training. RESULTS 260 of the 550 training ophthalmologists who were approached responded. They were given 31 questions to answer. The average age of the respondents was 27.39 ± 1.92 years of which 72.69 % (189 / 260) were females. 68.08 % (177 / 260) of the respondents had been posted on COVID-19 related duties. 76.5 % (198 / 260) of the respondents agreed that the outpatient load had dropped to < 50 patients per day and 100 % (260 / 260) of the respondents stated that there had been a reduction in number of patients posted for elective surgery. As a result, 64.23 % (167 / 260) responded that it had led to a loss of interest in their daily activities. 74.23 % reported different levels of stress, 73.46 % reported anxiety and some 24.23 % even experienced sleep deprivation. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that majority of the training ophthalmologists were affected psychologically during the COVID-19 pandemic to varying degrees which included both groups of training ophthalmologists who did or did not perform any COVID related duties. The study therefore has highlighted the increased need for psychologists to identify and help these individuals who may suffer from severe depression, insomnia and high stress levels and provide the necessary help. KEYWORDS COVID-19, Pandemic, Psychological Impact, Ophthalmology Trainees

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Southeast Asia Problems and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-203
Author(s):  
A. A. Rogozhin ◽  
N. G. Rogozhina
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Impact

The countries of Southeast Asia, like the rest of the world, have suffered substantial damage from the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, which is assessed not only in human losses, but also in significant economic and political costs. Their assessment is the main object of the article, in which the authors made an attempt to analyze the response of the countries of Southeast Asia to the emerging epidemiological threat, underscoring both general and specific in their approaches to the implementation of anti- epidemiological and adaptation measures. It is not possible to draw a single picture of the COVID-19 in the region, since the countries of Southeast Asia differ from each other both in the number of confirmed cases of infected and dead persons and in the approach to managing the pandemic. The adoption by the country of one or another set of restrictive sanitary meas ures is dictated by the severity of the epidemiological situation, economic and political interests. Evaluation of the effectiveness of actions taken to manage the pandemic and its consequences testifies, according to the authors, that the best results were shown by countries that, firstly, took proactive measures, and secondly, demonstrated the coherence of the work of all levels of government system and transparency in the provision of information thirdly, they were able to win the confidence of the population in the fight against the pandemic, which has resulted in human sacrifice and amendments to the country’s political governance and its economic development. The political consequence of COVID-19 has been the strengthening of authoritarian tendencies in governance in several Southeast Asian countries with the consequences to the weakening of the opposition and curtailment of civil liberties. The authors concluded that the pandemic has exposed the weakness of the government administration system in a crisis, which supports the analysis of the measures taken to minimize the economic consequences of the pandemic. The article assesses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the economies of Southeast Asia and promises government policies to support its hardest hit sectors and populations. The authors concluded that today it is not possible to assess the entire scale of the losses incurred, as well as the measures taken to minimize them. But it is evident that the pandemic has become a challenge for governments and a test of their ability to govern a country in a crisis.

Day Case Surgery Trends in England: The Influences of Target Setting and of General Practitioner Fundholding

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Raftery ◽  
Andrew Stevens
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elective Surgical Procedures ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To describe the trends in the proportion of elective surgery carried out as day cases, and the impact of the setting of targets and the introduction of general practitioner (GP) fundholding on the use of day surgery. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics for England, 1990/1991 to 1994/1995, comparing procedures for which targets were and were not set, and comparing types of purchaser (GP fundholder and health authority). Results: Elective surgical procedures increased from 2.7 million in 1990/1991 to 3.9 million in 1994/1995, a 44% increase. Increased numbers of day cases (up 117%) accounted for almost all of the increased total activity. The proportion of day cases rose from 35% to 53% over the period. Those procedures for which targets were set (over 25% of elective surgery) had a slightly lower day case proportion in 1990/1991 (34% compared to 36%) but slightly higher by 1994/1995 (57% compared to 52%). GP fundholders generally had slightly lower proportions treated as day cases compared to health authorities. Conclusions: Day cases were additional to, rather than a substitute for, inpatient treatments. Setting day case targets may have been associated with growth in use of day surgery, but there was no association with type of purchaser.

scholarly journals LA MIGRACIÓN Y SUS CONSECUENCIAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo De Jesús González Domínguez ◽  
Isi Verónica Lara Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results

International migration was part of a debate that had evolved little over the years, focusing on the impact rather than the positive results it could bring for a country. This phenomenon can be fundamental in the construction of good governments where the total respect for human rights is sought. People should consider that migrants risk their lives in search of a dream or a better life status and on their way, they may be victims of robbery, kidnapping, or being involved in the trade in human trafficking or sexual exploitation. Unfortunately, governments allow actions that leave migrants in the greatest vulnerability, unprotected and with their dignity forgotten. At present, there are discriminatory actions, both of society and of the government, which produces fear and distrust of migrants, violating their rights and violating the constitutional norm

scholarly journals Social and economic consequences of the recent minimum wage rise in Lithuania

Ekonomika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Karpuškienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Core Issues

The government of Lithuania actively increases the minimum wage in 2012–2014: in-one-and-a-half year period it increased by 22 percent – from 246 EUR (850 LTL) to 300 EUR (1035 LTL). It is promised to increase the minimum wage in 2015 as well. The amplification of the competitiveness of the economy is one of the main conditions of economic development. This is emphasized by economists, Lithuanian government, and European Commission. The core issues of the competitiveness of Lithuania are the energy sector and the labour market. Such statement is provided by the European Commission in the 2014 report on Industry competitiveness. Therefore, the aim of this article is to evaluate the economic and social consequences of the increased minimum wage and their impact on the competitiveness of the labour force. In the first part of the article, changes of the minimum wage and their economic and social consequences are analysed. In the rest part of the article, the impact of these consequences on the competitiveness is evaluated.

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