scholarly journals Reproductive Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Pesticides

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6576
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Fucic ◽  
Radu Duca ◽  
Karen S. Galea ◽  
Tihana Maric ◽  
Kelly Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Medical Surveillance ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Occupational And Environmental Exposure ◽  
Exposure Profile ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Potential Impact

A marked reduction in fertility and an increase in adverse reproductive outcomes during the last few decades have been associated with occupational and environmental chemical exposures. Exposure to different types of pesticides may increase the risks of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease, but also of reduced fertility and birth defects. Both occupational and environmental exposures to pesticides are important, as many are endocrine disruptors, which means that even very low-dose exposure levels may have measurable biological effects. The aim of this review was to summarize the knowledge collected between 2000 and 2020, to highlight new findings, and to further interpret the mechanisms that may associate pesticides with infertility, abnormal sexual maturation, and pregnancy complications associated with occupational, environmental and transplacental exposures. A summary of current pesticide production and usage legislation is also included in order to elucidate the potential impact on exposure profile differences between countries, which may inform prevention measures. Recommendations for the medical surveillance of occupationally exposed populations, which should be facilitated by the biomonitoring of reduced fertility, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Evaluation of Biological Effects of the Influence of Electromagnetic Radiation in Conditions of Reduced Temperature (Experiment)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
O. Litovchenko ◽  
◽  
I. Perova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Reduced Temperature

In modern conditions there is a high need to improve methods for establishing the nature of the combined influence of factors using modern approaches for further development of prevention measures against the negative impact of factors on the body. The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of electromagnetic radiation and low temperatures with subsequent determination of the level of contribution of each factor in the formation of biological effects within the experiment by mathematical analysis of data using the method of artificial intelligence. Materials and methods. The subchronic experiment (30 days) was performed on male rats. The animals were divided into groups: combined exposure to electromagnetic radiation (70 kHz, 600 V/m) and reduced temperature (40C), isolated exposure to reduced temperature, isolated exposure to electromagnetic radiation and a control group. The establishment of biological effects was performed at stages 5, 15 and 30 days of the experiment. Changes in the body were assessed by physiological, biochemical and immunological parameters of the blood (30 indicators). Data processing was performed using computational intelligence methods (Neuro-fuzzy system). Results and discussion. The combined effect of the factors was manifested by the following biological effects: intensification of peroxidation processes with simultaneous moderate suppression of antioxidant protection, intensification of lipid metabolism was characterized by dyslipoproteinemia, manifesting in: increase in triglycerides, cholesterol and its fractions. Changes of the immune system were decrease in the ability of neutrophils to phagocytosis at different stages of the experiment, imbalance of the activation of the system of reducing the concentration of C4 at the background of increased intensity of IgM and IgG synthesis. The method of determining the intensity of the factors, developed on the basis of factor and cluster analysis, allowed to determine that during the experiment the ratios between the factors changed, but the greatest contribution was made by reduced temperature by both biochemical parameters (63%) and immunological (53%) at the same time, the level of electromagnetic radiation contribution was 37% and 47%, respectively. Thus, the reduced temperature was the leading factor in the combined effect, which added 60% to the overall biological effect throughout the study, against the effect of electromagnetic radiation for which the level of contribution was only 40%. By means of the factor analysis informative indicators, making it possible to establish the characteristics of biological effects, and therefore leading indicators in formation of biological effects were the increase in concentration of DC with simultaneous decrease in concentration of SH-groups, increase in VLDL and suppression of oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophil-test. Conclusion. Thus, the tested mathematical approach allowed to determine the leading role of each of the studied factors under the conditions of their combined influence in different systems, which allows to predict probable appropriate reactions of the whole organism and gives a reasonable approach to the development of preventive measures

A change in the calculated impact of supersonic aircraft NO x emissions on the atmosphere

2007 ◽  
Vol 111 (1119) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Dessens ◽  
H. L. Rogers ◽  
J. A. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Special Report ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Abstract New model calculations suggest that the potential impact on the atmosphere of a future fleet of supersonic aircraft, for the year 2015, is highly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emitted from the fleet. This result contrasts with the IPCC assessment which suggested that the impact of supersonic aircraft on the atmosphere was primarily through the role of water vapour emissions both on atmospheric ozone and climate change. These new findings are extremely important for atmospheric scientists, the aviation industry and policy makers, highlighting the importance of further development of low NO x combustors for supersonic aircraft, an aspect which has been largely ignored following the IPCC Special Report.

Exposure and Risk Assessment with Respect to Contaminated Soil: Significance of Biomarkers and Bioavailability

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urvashi Rangan ◽  
Christine Hedli ◽  
Michael Gallo ◽  
Paul Lioy ◽  
Robert Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Barrier ◽  
Exposure Levels

The evaluation of health risk from chemical exposure is evolving in concept and practice. The ability to sensitively detect levels of chemicals in the environment has served as the traditional foundation for determining exposure levels and consequent health risks. More recently, however, other parameters have been constructed to probe the pathway between environmental levels of a chemical and the biological effects of subsequent exposure. Among these, two that are discussed in this paper are bioavailability and biomarker determinations. Chemicals in the environment often are associated with a medium such as airborne particulate, water, or soil. The interaction between the chemical and its medium is dependent on the physicochemical properties of the system. In some cases, such as 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in soil, the chemical becomes partially and irreversibly bound to the medium. Animalingestion studies of TCDD-contaminated soil suggest that some of the TCDD remains bound to the soil and does not cross the gastrointestinal barrier during digestion, and therefore only a fraction of the TCDD enters the blood and becomes bioavailable. The characterization of bioavailability provides for more accurate exposure assessment. Biomarker information potentially can validate exposure assessment information from bioavailability studies, elucidate specific biological effects from chemical exposure, and investigate genetic susceptibility issues that may increase the likelihood that an individual or population will experience increased health risks. Benzene-induced chromosome damage is discussed as an example of a significant biomarker that has demonstrated the potential for providing information useful for accurately prediction health risk.

scholarly journals A Summary of New Findings on the Biological Effects of Selenium in Selected Animal Species—A Critical Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozena Hosnedlova ◽  
Marta Kepinska ◽  
Sylvie Skalickova ◽  
Carlos Fernandez ◽  
Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
New Findings

scholarly journals COMBINED EFFECT OF ANTIBODIES TO BENZO[A]PYRENE, ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE UPON SEX HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN BLOOD SERUM OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF FETUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Glushkov ◽  
K. S. Krasilnikova ◽  
E. G. Polenok ◽  
M. V. Kostyanko ◽  
R. V. Olennikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Positive Correlations

Specific antibodies against environmental chemical gene toxicants and endogenous steroid hormones are shown to modulate concentrations of these compounds in blood serum and their biological effects in experimental models. However, probable hazards of such antibodies in human teratogenesis are still unknown. In particular, potential correlations between specific serum antibodies, sex hormone levels in pregnant women, and congenital malformations in newborns are not clear. The aim of this study was to identify possible associations between occurrence of antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone (Bp, Es and Pg, respectively), and congenital malformations, and effects of these antibodies upon Es and Pg concentrations in blood serum of pregnant women. We have included into the study 182 women with normal pregnancy and 101 females with congenital malformations of fetus. A non-competitive solid phase immunoassay was performed using Bp, Es and Pg conjugated to bovine serum albumin as antigens. Es and Pg serum concentrations were measured using immunoassay test-systems of “Immunotech” (Moscow). Results: strong positive correlations were revealed between the levels of studied antibodies in the both groups. High IgA-Bp/IgA-Es (> 3) and IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ratios (> 3) were associated with congenital malformations (OR = 2.2, p = 0.013 and OR = 6.8, p < 0.0001). Positive correlations were revealed between Pg/Es and IgA-Bp/IgA-Es (rS = 0.62, p < 0.0001), and IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ratios (rS = 0.77, p < 0.0001) in cases with inborn malformations. Similar correlations were found for the women who had normal pregnancy (rS = 0.4, p = 0.0001, and rS = 0.23, p = 0.026, respectively). The Pg/Es proportion correlated with IgG-Bp/IgG-Es (rS = 0.46, p = 0.002), and with IgG-Bp/IgG-Pg ratio (rS = 0.5, p = 0.0009) in cases of malformations, but not in women with normal pregnancy. Conclusion: we have revealed novel associations between congenital malformations of fetus and ratios of IgA-Bp/IgA-Es, as well as IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg, like as positive correlations between hormonal Pg/Es proportions, and ratios of specific antibodies in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Household Electrosmog

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Wathiq Abdul-Razzaq ◽  
Ryan K. Bushey
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Household Appliance ◽  
Exposure Levels

Electromagnetic wave energy is prevalent in the environment and is generated by numerous sources. This invisible electromagnetic wave/radiation pollution is termed Electrosmog. When exposed to this electromagnetic energy, health effects in humans have been observed and subsequent standards for emission have been set. A common household appliance that generates this energy is the microwave oven. This study evaluates the intensity of electromagnetic radiation leakage from microwave ovens subject to standard exposure levels and the possibility of biological effects at levels below the standards. We have taken the exposure levels into account in an effort to generate comparisons between microwave ovens according to their age. These comparisons have allowed us to create awareness of the possibility of harmful levels of electromagnetic radiation in our homes. 

scholarly journals Update on human exposure to glyphosate, with a complete review of exposure in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Gillezeau ◽  
Wil Lieberman-Cribbin ◽  
Emanuela Taioli
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Potential Relationship ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Abstract Background Glyphosate, a commonly used pesticide, has been the topic of much debate. The effects of exposure to glyphosate remains a contentious topic. This paper provides an update to the existing literature regarding levels of glyphosate exposure in occupationally exposed individuals and focuses or reviewing all the available published literature regarding glyphosate exposure levels in children. Methods A literature review was conducted and any articles reporting quantifiable exposure levels in humans published since January 2019 (the last published review on glyphosate exposure) were reviewed and data extracted and standardized. Results A total of five new studies reporting exposure levels in humans were found including 578 subjects. Two of these studies focused on occupationally exposed individuals while three of them focused on glyphosate exposure levels in children. Given the sparse nature of the new data, previously identified studies on exposure to glyphosate in children were included in our analysis of children’s exposure. The lowest average level of glyphosate exposure reported was 0.28 μg/L and the highest average exposure levels reported was 4.04 μg/L. Conclusion The literature on glyphosate exposure levels, especially in children, remains limited. Without more data collected in a standardized way, parsing out the potential relationship between glyphosate exposure and disease will not be possible.

Lung Cancer and Environmental Chemical Exposure: A Review of Our Current State of Knowledge With Reference to the Role of Hormones and Hormone Receptors as an Increased Risk Factor for Developing Lung Cancer in Man

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexsandra Fucic ◽  
Marija Gamulin ◽  
Zeljko Ferencic ◽  
Dinko Stancic Rokotov ◽  
Jelena Katic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Increased Risk

Lung cancer is a dominant cause of cancer mortality. The etiology of lung cancer is mainly related to cigarette smoking, airborne genotoxic carcinogens, and arsenic, but its sex-specific incidence suggests that other mechanisms, such as hormones, may also be involved in the process of carcinogenesis. A number of agents commonly present in the living environment can have dual biological effects: not only are they genotoxic / carcinogenic, but they are also hormonally active as xenoestrogens. This dualism may explain sex-specific differences reported in both types and incidence of lung cancer. In a novel approach to investigate the complexity of lung cancer, etiology, including systems biology, will be used as a tool for a simultaneous interpretation of measurable environmental and biological parameters. Using this approach, the etiology of human lung cancer can be more thoroughly investigated using the available data from oncology and environmental health. The information gained could be applied in the introduction of preventive measures, in personalized medicine, and in more relevant legislation, which should be adjusted to reflect the current knowledge on the complex environmental interactions underlying this life-threatening disease.

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