scholarly journals Combination of Coagulation–Flocculation–Decantation and Ozonation Processes for Winery Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8882
Author(s):  
Nuno Jorge ◽  
Ana R. Teixeira ◽  
Carlos C. Matos ◽  
Marco S. Lucas ◽  
José A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Winery Wastewater ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Uv C

This research assessed a novel treatment process of winery wastewater, through the application of a chemical-based process aiming to decrease the high organic carbon content, which represents a difficulty for wastewater treatment plants and a public health problem. Firstly, a coagulation–flocculation–decantation process (CFD process) was optimized by a simplex lattice design. Afterwards, the efficiency of a UV-C/ferrous iron/ozone system was assessed for organic carbon removal in winery wastewater. This system was applied alone and in combination with the CFD process (as a pre- and post-treatment). The coagulation–flocculation–decantation process, with a mixture of 0.48 g/L potassium caseinate and 0.52 g/L bentonite at pH 4.0, achieved 98.3, 97.6, and 87.8% removals of turbidity, total suspended solids, and total polyphenols, respectively. For the ozonation process, the required pH and ferrous iron concentration (Fe2+) were crucial variables in treatment optimization. With the application of the best operational conditions (pH = 4.0, [Fe2+] = 1.0 mM), the UV-C/ferrous iron/ozone system achieved 63.2% total organic carbon (TOC) removal and an energy consumption of 1843 kWh∙m−3∙order−1. The combination of CFD and ozonation processes increased the TOC removal to 66.1 and 65.5%, respectively, for the ozone/ferrous iron/UV-C/CFD and CFD/ozone/ferrous iron/UV-C systems. In addition, the germination index of several seeds was assessed and excellent values (>80%) were observed, which revealed the reduction in phytotoxicity. In conclusion, the combination of CFD and UV-C/ferrous iron/ozone processes is efficient for WW treatment.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of fertility status in soils of Dima Hasao district of Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
A. BASUMATARY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Two hundred fifty geo-referenced surfaces (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected and analysed for macronutrients and micronutrients to study fertility status in soils of Dima Hasao district of Assam and their relationship with some important soil properties. Soils of the district were found to be extremely acidic to slightly acidic in reaction with a low to high organic carbon content and low in cation exchange capacity. The soil of the district indicated that the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium status was observed to the tune of 14.0 %,7.2% and 67.2% under low and 86.0 %, 92.8 % and 32.8 %under medium categories, respectively. The overall percent deficient of exchangeable calcium, magnesium and available sulphur in soils was 25.6, 30.4 and 6.8 %, respectively. Based on critical limit, all soils were adequately supplied with DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn and Cu content. In respect of zinc and boron, soils exhibited 90.4 and 73 per cent under sufficient, while, 2.4 and 12 per cent were found deficient in DTPA -Zn and HWS-B, respectively. Soil pH and EC showed positive correlation with macro nutrients and negative correlation with micronutrients. The macro- and micronutrient showed significant positive relation with soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity.

scholarly journals Organic carbon determination in histosols and soil horizons with high organic matter content from Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
Ademar Espíndula Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Soil taxonomy systems distinguish mineral soils from organic soils based on the amount of soil organic carbon. Procedures adopted in soil surveys for organic carbon measurement are therefore of major importance to classify the soils, and to correlate their properties with data from other studies. To evaluate different methods for measuring organic carbon and organic matter content in Histosols and soils with histic horizons, from different regions of Brazil, 53 soil samples were comparatively analyzed by the methods of Walkley & Black (modified), Embrapa, Yeomans & Bremner, modified Yeomans & Bremner, muffle furnace, and CHN. The modified Walkley & Black (C-W & B md) and the combustion of organic matter in the muffle furnace (OM-Muffle) were the most suitable for the samples with high organic carbon content. Based on regression analysis data, the OM-muffle may be estimated from C-W & B md by applying a factor that ranges from 2.00 to 2.19 with 95% of probability. The factor 2.10, the average value, is suggested to convert results obtained by these methods.

scholarly journals High CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from grassland on histic Gleysol along soil carbon and drainage gradients

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Leiber-Sauheitl ◽  
R. Fuß ◽  
C. Voigt ◽  
A. Freibauer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Abstract. Drained organic soils are anthropogenic emission hotspots of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Most studies have focused on deep peat soils and on peats with high organic carbon content. In contrast, histic Gleysols are characterized by shallow peat layers, which are left over from peat cutting activities or by peat mixed with mineral soil. It is unknown whether they emit less GHGs than deep Histosols when drained. We present the annual carbon and GHG balance of grasslands for six sites on nutrient-poor histic Gleysols with a shallow (30 cm) histic horizon or mixed with mineral soil in Northern Germany (soil organic carbon concentration (Corg) from 9 to 52%). The net GHG balance, corrected for carbon export by harvest, was around 4 t CO2–C–eq ha−1 yr−1 on soils with peat layer and little drainage (mean annual water table < 20 cm below surface). The net GHG balance reached 7–9 t CO2–C–eq ha−1 yr−1 on soils with sand mixed into the peat layer and water tables between 14 cm and 39 cm below surface. GHG emissions from drained histic Gleysols (i) were as high as those from deep Histosols, (ii) increase linearly from shallow to deeper drainage, (iii) but are not affected by Corg content of the histic horizon. Ecosystem respiration (Reco) was linearly correlated with water table level even if it was below the histic horizon. The Reco/GPP ratio was 1.5 at all sites, so that we ruled out a major influence of the inter-site variability in vegetation composition on annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE). The IPCC definition of organic soils includes shallow histic topsoil, unlike most national and international definitions of Histosols. Our study confirms that this broader definition is appropriate considering anthropogenic GHG emissions from drained organic soils. Countries currently apply soil maps in national GHG inventories which are likely not to include histic Gleysols. The land area with GHG emission hotspots due to drainage is likely to be much higher than anticipated. Deeply drained histic Gleysols are GHG hotspots that have so far been neglected or underestimated. Peat mixing with sand does not mitigate GHG emissions. Our study implies that rewetting organic soils, including histic Gleysols, has a much higher relevance for GHG mitigation strategies than currently recognized.

Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy for Analysis of Chemical Composition of Combustion Generated Particulate Matter

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Mahamuni ◽  
Jay Rutherford ◽  
Justin Davis ◽  
Eric Molnar ◽  
Jonathan D. Posner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Excitation Emission Matrix ◽  
Fuel Dilution ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

<p></p><p>Analysis of particulate matter (PM) is critical for the assessment of human exposures to potentially harmful agents, notably combustion-generated PM; specifically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in them and associated with carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. In this study, we quantify the presence and concentrations of PAHs with low molecular weight (LMW) and higher molecular weight (HMW) in combustion-generated PM using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. PM samples were generated in a laminar diffusion inverted gravity flame reactor (IGFR) operated on Ethylene and Ethane. Fuel dilution by Ar in 0% to 90% range controls the flame temperature, the maximum flame temperature decreases with fuel dilution. The colder flames result in lower PM yields; however, the PM PAH content increases significantly. Temperature thresholds for PM transition from low to high organic carbon content were characterized based on the maximum flame temperature (1814K-1864K) and highest soot luminosity region temperature (1600K-1650K). Principal component regression (PCR) analysis of the EEM spectra correlates to GCMS data, R<sup>2 </sup>values of 0.98 for LMW and 0.99 for HMW PAHs. The agreement demonstrates that EEM analysis can be used to determine relative concentrations of organic carbon and PAH fractions in combustion PM, and can be related to PM health effects and used in the environmental studies. </p><p></p>

Use of Aquatic Macrocosms for Determining Site-Specific Water Quality Criteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1953-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Isom
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Humic Materials ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Use of aquatic macrocosms for determining site-specific water quality criteria for hardness dependent metals (copper, lead) and total dissolved solids (salinity) is discussed. Inadequacies of generic criteria for application to site-specific needs was indicated. Generic criteria for metals were based on laboratory data alone. Site-specific water quality effects such as naturally occurring total organic carbon were not considered by USEPA when developing critera. It is often advantageous to develop site-specific criteria for an effluent due to local conditions that protect the environment. The case studies were conducted on an acidic stream with high organic carbon content associated with natural humic materials.

scholarly journals The influence of different deep-sea coral habitats on sediment macrofaunal community structure and function

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill R. Bourque ◽  
Amanda W.J. Demopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sediment Geochemistry ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Infaunal Community ◽  
Deep Sea Corals ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Deep-sea corals can create a highly complex, three-dimensional structure that facilitates sediment accumulation and influences adjacent sediment environments through altered hydrodynamic regimes. Infaunal communities adjacent to different coral types, including reef-building scleractinian corals and individual colonies of octocorals, are known to exhibit higher macrofaunal densities and distinct community structure when compared to non-coral soft-sediment communities. However, the coral types have different morphologies, which may modify the adjacent sediment communities in discrete ways. Here we address: (1) how infaunal communities and their associated sediment geochemistry compare among deep-sea coral types (Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata, and octocorals) and (2) do infaunal communities adjacent to coral habitats exhibit typical regional and depth-related patterns observed in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Sediment push cores were collected to assess diversity, composition, numerical abundance, and functional traits of macrofauna (>300 µm) across 450 kilometers in the GOM at depths ranging from 263–1,095 m. Macrofaunal density was highest in L. pertusa habitats, but similar between M. oculata and octocorals habitats. Density overall exhibited a unimodal relationship with depth, with maximum densities between 600 and 800 m. Diversity and evenness were highest in octocoral habitats; however, there was no relationship between diversity and depth. Infaunal assemblages and functional traits differed among coral habitats, with L. pertusa habitats the most distinct from both M. oculata and octocorals. These patterns could relate to differences in sediment geochemistry as L. pertusa habitats contained high organic carbon content but low proportions of mud compared to both M. oculata and octocoral habitats. Distance-based linear modeling revealed depth, mud content, and organic carbon as the primary factors in driving coral infaunal community structure, while geographic location (longitude) was the primary factor in functional trait composition, highlighting both the location and ecological differences of L. pertusa habitats from other coral habitats. Enhanced habitat structural complexity associated with L. pertusa and differences in localized hydrodynamic flow may contribute to the dissimilarities in the communities found among the coral types. Our results suggest a decoupling for infaunal coral communities from the typical depth-related density and diversity patterns present throughout soft-sediment habitats in the GOM, highlighting the importance of deep-sea corals in structuring unique communities in the nearby benthos.

The sorption of organic contaminants on biochars derived from sediments with high organic carbon content

Chemosphere ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Bo Pan ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Di Xiao ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

scholarly journals Fe-Nanoporous Carbon Derived from MIL-53(Fe): A Heterogeneous Catalyst for Mineralization of Organic Pollutants

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le ◽  
Cowan ◽  
Drobek ◽  
Bechelany ◽  
Julbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Felt ◽  
Acid Orange 7 ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Felt Electrodes

Catalytic electrodes were prepared via carbonization of MIL-53(Fe) on the surface of porous carbon felt electrodes (CF) for use in wastewater treatment by the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process. The best results were obtained when the carbon felt was pretreated with nitric acid, enhancing the affinity of the MIL-53(Fe) for the surface. Following a series of optimization experiments, carbonization conditions of 800 °C for 5 h were used to form Fe-nanoporous carbon (MOFs@CF). The as-prepared electrodes were used as both cathode and heterogeneous catalyst in the EF process for the mineralization of exemplar dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7). Total organic carbon (TOC) removal of 46.1% was obtained within 8 h of electrolysis at around neutral pH (6.5) and the electrode retained over 80% of its original efficiency over five treatment cycles.

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