Intergenerational Association of Short Maternal Stature with Stunting in Yanomami Indigenous Children from the Brazilian Amazon

To describe the factors associated to stunting in <5-year-old Yanomami Brazilian children, and to evaluate the association of short maternal stature to their offspring’s stunting. A cross-sectional study carried out in three villages in the Yanomami territory. We performed a census, in which all households with children < 5-years-old were included. The length/height-for-age z-score <−2 standard deviations was used to classify the children as stunted. Short maternal height was defined as <145 cm for adult women, and <−2 standard deviations of the height-for-age z-score for adolescent women. We used adjusted Poisson regression models to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) along the 90% confidence interval. We evaluated 298 children. 81.2% of children suffered from stunting and 71.9% of the mothers from short stature. In the bivariate analysis, a significant association of stunting with short maternal stature, gestational malaria and child’s place of birth were observed. Considering the variables of the children under five years of age, there were significant associations with age group, the child’s caregiver, history of malaria, pneumonia, and malnutrition treatment. In the adjusted hierarchical model, stunting was 1.22 times greater in the offspring of women with a short stature (90% CI: 1.07–1.38) compared to their counterparts. Brazilian Amazonian indigenous children living in a remote area displayed an alarming prevalence of stunting, and this was associated with short maternal height, reinforcing the hypothesis of intergenerational chronic malnutrition transmission in this population. In addition, children above 24 months of age, who were born in the village healthcare units and who had had previous treatment in the past for stunting presented higher rates of stunting in this study.

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PERBEDAAN KADAR SENG (ZN) RAMBUT BERDASARKAN DERAJAT STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-9 TAHUN

Journal of Nutrition College ◽

10.14710/jnc.v1i1.421 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 365-372

Author(s):

Arindha Rahmawati ◽

Yekti Wirawanni

Keyword(s):

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Growth Disorders ◽

Z Score ◽

Hair Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Stunting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Zinc Concentrations ◽

Height For Age

Background: Stunting is a linear growth disorders are caused by chronic malnutrition especially zinc deficiency. Hair zinc concentrations can describe zinc status in the long term. The aim of this study is to investigate difference hair zinc concentrations based on degree of stunting in 6-9 years old children.Method: This cross sectional study was carried out on 57 school children aged 6-9 years. The subjects were chosen by stratified random sampling. Assessment degree of stunting are expressed by Height for Age Z-score (HAZ). Hair zinc concentrations was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) methods, the hair zinc concentrations less than 70 ppm was considered as chronic zinc deficiency. Bivariate analysis was using Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Rank Spearman.Results: The prevalence of nonstunting (-1≤HAZ<2 SD), mild stunting (-2≤HAZ<-1 SD), moderate stunting (-3≤HAZ<-2 SD), and severe stunting (HAZ<-3SD) was 38,6%, 33,3%, 22,8%, and 5,3%, respectively. The median value hair zinc concentrations were 579,13 ppm. Out of 57 subjects, 26,3% had normal hair zinc concentrations, 73,7% had excess hair zinc concentrations, and no subject that experience of zinc deficiency. There is a significant difference on hair zinc concentrations based on degree of stunting (p=0,010) and positive correlation between hair zinc concentrations with Height for Age Z-score (HAZ) (r=0,303 ; p=0,022).Conclusion : There is a significant difference between hair zinc concentrations based on degree of stunting and significant correlation between hair zinc concentrations with Height for Age Z-score (HAZ). Hair zinc concentrations increased with increasing Height for Age Z-score (HAZ).Keywords : Degree of stunting, Height for Age Z-score (HAZ), Hair zinc concentrations, malnutrition, children

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Perceived Loneliness and Severe Sleep Disorders in Adult Women during the Covid-19 Quarantine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Colombia

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/21501327211025170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215013272110251

Author(s):

Álvaro Monterrosa-Castro ◽

Angélica Monterrosa-Blanco ◽

Andrea González-Sequeda

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disorders ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Adult Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Emotional Loneliness ◽

Social Loneliness

Background: Quarantine is a measure to control COVID-19 spread, resulting in an increased perception of loneliness. In turn, sleep disorders (SD) may be more frequently reported in uncertain circumstances. Objectives: To identify the association between loneliness and severe SD, in women quarantined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in women, between 40 and 79 years and living in Colombia. The women were invited through social network to complete 5 digital instruments: de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, Menopause Rating Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Five-item Version, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Francis Religion Scale. Bivariate analysis and adjusted logistic regression between loneliness and SD were performed. Results: 1133 women participated, half of them under 50 years old. 43.1% had emotional loneliness, 39.9% social loneliness and 43.3% general loneliness. SD were identified in 6 out of 10 women, those with mild SD presented an OR of 1.84, 1.85, and 1.64, for emotional, social and general loneliness, respectively. Loneliness was associated twice with moderate SD, and more than twice with severe SD. Very severe SD reached OR:5.81 for emotional loneliness, OR:4.38 social loneliness and OR:4.02 general loneliness. In the presence of religiosity, fear and anxiety due to COVID-19, statistical significance was retained for associations, except intense SD with general loneliness. Conclusions: SD were significantly associated with loneliness in our study population. It is important to assess sleep quality and perception of loneliness in middle-aged women, especially during periods of quarantine due to a pandemic to avoid health implications.

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Nutritional Status among under-5 Children of a selected slum in Dhaka city

Northern International Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/nimcj.v7i2.29658 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 143-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Md Aynal Hoque ◽

Md Abu Sayeed ◽

Mohammed Rizwanul Ahsan ◽

Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun ◽

Farhana Salim

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Birth Certificates ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Z Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Height For Age ◽

Weight For Age

Background : Malnutrition is a serious public health problem that has been linked to increase risk of morbidity and mortality. Child malnutrition causes 27% of child deaths in developing countries in 2015.Objective : To estimate the nutritional status of under five children of a selected slum in Dhaka city.Methodology : This was a descriptive cross sectional study and conducted among 100 under 5 children purposively selected at Agargaon slum in Dhaka city during January-2015 to July-2015. Anthropometric measurements were taken by using standard methods. Those were weight, height, MUAC. Information regarding age of children was taken from patients birth certificates or hospital records. Nutritional status was estimated by calculating Z-score, weight for age, height for age, weight for height and mid upper arm circumference. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results : Mean age of the study population was 32.95 months. Male was 52% and female was 48%. Regarding Anthropometric assessment according to weight for height Z-score, 39% were wasted moderately and 13% were severely wasted and height for age Z-score, showed 47% of children were stunted moderately and 14% children were severely stunted. According to weight for age Zscore, 46% of children were moderately underweight and 16% children were severely underweight. According to MUAC classification 43% of children were in border line and 16% were malnutrition.Conclusions : Overall, nutritional status of the under 5 child of slum of Agargaon were not satisfactory.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(2) Jan 2016: 143-145

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Obesity among Kuwaiti Pre-school Children aged 0–5 Years: Prevalence and Comparison with the NCHS/CDC Reference Population

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/026010609801200404 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 235-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abdulwahab Naser Al-Isa ◽

Mohamed A.A. Moussa

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Short Stature ◽

School Children ◽

Local Authority ◽

Reference Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Clinics ◽

Multi Stage ◽

American Children ◽

Height For Age

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of obesity among Kuwaiti pre-school children aged 0–5 years, and compare their nutritional status with the NCHS/CDC reference population. A Cross-sectional multi-stage stratified random sample of 7419 Kuwaiti children (3749 boys and 3670 girls), representing over 5% of the population at studied age was used for the study. Children below 42 months were randomly selected from five maternal and child health clinics, one from each of the five local authority areas of Kuwait. Children 42 months and above were selected from 24 kindergartens, proportionally from the 5 local authority areas. Weights and heights of children were measured. Obesity was defined as weight-for-height (W/H) 2.00 to 5.00 standard deviation (SD) scores of the NCHS/CDC reference population. Underweight and short stature were defined as W/H and height-for-age (H/A) − 4.00 to − 2.00 SD scores, respectively. Obesity among Kuwaiti pre-school children was found to be 8.2% (7.5% in males and 9.0% in females). Underweight was found to be almost similarly distributed among both genders (4.2% in males and 4.1% in females). Short stature was found to be 5.8% (6.1% in males and 5.6% in females). Kuwaiti pre-school children aged 0–5 years were, for the most part, found to be slightly heavier and shorter than American children of the reference population. The children were also found to be heavier and taller than a decade ago. The nutritional status of the children improved during the last ten years.

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URINARY CREATININE IS ASSOCIATED WITH WASTING IN NEONATES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s1.26603 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Sri Widia Ningsih ◽

Nita Andriani Lubis ◽

Aslis Wirda Hayati ◽

Alkausyari Azis

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Urine Collection ◽

Z Score ◽

Urine Excretion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urinary Creatinine ◽

Total Muscle

Objective: To analyze the correlation between creatinine urine and wasting in neonates.Methods: The study was cross sectional by involving 35 healthy neonates aged 1–3 days that were born at Pekanbaru Andini Hospital, Indonesia, on August to September 2014. Body length gauges, digital weighing scale, family socioeconomic questionnaires, pediatrics urine collection bag, and creatinine urine were used to collect the data. We used two indicators (creatinine urine and weight/height [WH]) as a parameter in this study. Pearson correlation (significance p<0.05 and p<0.01) was applied for statistical analysis.Results: There was no wasting neonates, WH z-score (WHZ) >-2 SD. The concentrations of absolute creatinine urine excretion were about 11.1–167.2 mmol/day, and creatinine urine excretion related to body weight was about 4.08–50.06 mmol/Kg/day. Bivariate analysis obtained that there were negative significant correlation between the absolute creatinine urine (r=−0.357, p=0.035) and creatinine urine – body weight (r=−0.482, p=0.003) with WH. Creatinine urine measurement is a sensitive biomarker of renal and total muscle mass that can be used as a child’s growth biomarker.Conclusion: The creatinine urine was associated with wasting in neonates therefore can be used as a growth biomarker.

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Risk factors of stunting in children aged 24-59 months

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi58.5.2018.205-12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 205-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arya Krisna Manggala ◽

Komang Wiswa Mitra Kenwa ◽

Made Me Lina Kenwa ◽

Anak Agung Gede Dwinaldo Putra Jaya Sakti ◽

Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

High Risk ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Birth Length ◽

Maternal Height ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Paternal Education ◽

Height For Age

Abstract Background Childhood stunting (low height-for-age) still remains a global health problem because it increases the risk of disturbances in growth and development as well as mortality. The prevalence of stunting in Bali is 32.5%, with the highest in Gianyar District at 41%. However, little is known about the risk factors of stunting children in Gianyar. Objective To investigate the risk factors of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Gianyar. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 166 children, collected consecutively, aged 24-59 months, who visited the integrated health posts in 13 community health centers in Gianyar District, Bali from September to November 2016. Stunting is defined as -2SD below the WHO height-for-age z-score (HAZ), according to sex. Statistical analyses were done with Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression tests. Results Of 166 subjects, 37 (22.3%) children were stunted. Multivariate analysis revealed that low paternal education (AOR 2.88; 95%CI 1.10 to 7.55; P=0.031), maternal height less than 150 cm (AOR 7.64; 95%CI 2.03 to 28.74; P=0.003), high risk maternal age (AOR 4.24; 95%CI 1.56 to 11.49; P= 0.005), low birth weight (AOR 5.09; 95%CI 1.03 to 25.31; P=0.047), and low birth length (AOR 9.92; 95%CI 1.84 to 53.51; P=0.008) were strongly associated with stunting. Conclusion Risk factors for stunting in children are low paternal education, maternal height less than 150 cm, high risk maternal age, low birth weight, and low birth length.

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Associations of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward Anemia with Anemia Prevalence and Height-for-Age Z-Score among Indonesian Adolescent Girls

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/03795721211011136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. S92-S108

Author(s):

Rina Agustina ◽

Fadila Wirawan ◽

Arini A. Sadariskar ◽

Ainanur A. Setianingsing ◽

Khairun Nadiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Z Score ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Height For Age

Background: Crucial gaps persist in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of adolescent girls that affect anemia and linear growth failure. Objective: To understand the role of KAP as a risk factor of anemia and linear growth problem in adolescent girls. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 335 adolescent girls selected by clustered random sampling. The KAP questionnaire had 18 variables consisting of 9 knowledge, 3 attitude, and 6 practice components. Twelve variables addressed nutrition, dietary diversity, and health environments related to both anemia and stunting. The questionnaire was adapted from the 2014 Food and Agriculture Organization nutrition-related KAP guidelines for anemia. Dietary practice was evaluated from 2-day 24-hour recalls and a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Associations between KAP and anemia, and height-for-age z-score (HAZ), were analyzed using multivariate logistic and linear regression models, respectively. Results: The mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 119.7 g/L, with 44% of the adolescent girls being anemic (Hb < 120 g/L) and mean height was 151.0 cm with 25% being stunted (HAZ < −2 standard deviation [SD]). The median KAP score was 7 and ranged from 3 to 10. Low to moderate KAP scores were not significantly associated with being anemic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.26; P = .43), however 1-point KAP score increment was associated with an increase of HAZ by 0.037 SD ( P = .012). Conclusions: The KAP related to diet and healthy environments was not associated with anemia prevalence, but was positively associated with increased HAZ among adolescent girls. Strategy to reduce anemia risk in this population should combine KAP improvement with other known effective nutrition interventions.

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Regional differences in short stature in England between 2006 and 2019: A cross-sectional analysis from the National Child Measurement Programme

PLoS Medicine ◽

10.1371/journal.pmed.1003760 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. e1003760

Author(s):

Joanna Orr ◽

Joseph Freer ◽

Joan K. Morris ◽

Caroline Hancock ◽

Robert Walton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Short Stature ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Regional Variation ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Indian Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Height For Age

Background Short stature, defined as height for age more than 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the population median, is an important indicator of child health. Short stature (often termed stunting) has been widely researched in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but less is known about the extent and burden in high-income settings. We aimed to map the prevalence of short stature in children aged 4–5 years in England between 2006 and 2019. Methods and findings We used data from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) for the school years 2006–2007 to 2018–2019. All children attending state-maintained primary schools in England are invited to participate in the NCMP, and heights from a total of 7,062,071 children aged 4–5 years were analysed. We assessed short stature, defined as a height-for-age standard deviation score (SDS) below −2 using the United Kingdom WHO references, by sex, index of multiple deprivation (IMD), ethnicity, and region. Geographic clustering of short stature was analysed using spatial analysis in SaTScan. The prevalence of short stature in England was 1.93% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92–1.94). Ethnicity adjusted spatial analyses showed geographic heterogeneity of short stature, with high prevalence clusters more likely in the North and Midlands, leading to 4-fold variation between local authorities (LAs) with highest and lowest prevalence of short stature. Short stature was linearly associated with IMD, with almost 2-fold higher prevalence in the most compared with least deprived decile (2.56% (2.53–2.59) vs. 1.38% (1.35–1.41)). There was ethnic heterogeneity: Short stature prevalence was lowest in Black children (0.64% (0.61–0.67)) and highest in Indian children (2.52% (2.45–2.60)) and children in other ethnic categories (2.57% (2.51–2.64)). Girls were more likely to have short stature than boys (2.09% (2.07–2.10) vs. 1.77% (1.76–1.78), respectively). Short stature prevalence declined over time, from 2.03% (2.01–2.05) in 2006–2010 to 1.82% (1.80–1.84) in 2016–2019. Short stature declined at all levels of area deprivation, with faster declines in more deprived areas, but disparities by IMD quintile were persistent. This study was conducted cross-sectionally at an area level, and, therefore, we cannot make any inferences about the individual causes of short stature. Conclusions In this study, we observed a clear social gradient and striking regional variation in short stature across England, including a North–South divide. These findings provide impetus for further investigation into potential socioeconomic influences on height and the factors underlying regional variation.

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Associated factors with the prescription of potentially inappropriate medication for older adult in a public hospital

Revista Brasileira de Farmácia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde ◽

10.30968/rbfhss.2021.122.0586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 586

Author(s):

Priscilla M. SOUZA ◽

Rafaela L. SANTOS ◽

Monique G. CERQUEIRA ◽

Gildomar L. VALASQUES-JUNIOR ◽

Tuany S. SOUZA

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Medical Records ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Inappropriate Medication ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽

Adult Women ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with the prescription of potentially inappropriate medications for the older adult (PIM) in a public hospital. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out, whose data were collected from the medical records of older adult patients, admitted to the medical clinic of a public hospital, by a trained researcher, not a member of the staff. The collection took place between November 2018 and January 2019. The medical records of patients aged over 60 years, who were using at least one allopathic in-hospital medication, with a minimum of 48 hours of hospitalization, were included. Illegible prescriptions, or those containing only herbal medicines and / or vitamin supplements, were excluded. The PIMs were classified according to the Beers Criteria, 2019 update. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed using frequencies, means and standard deviation and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests, with a level of significance. p <0.05, using the software and SPSS® v.21.0. Results: 42 medical records of the older adult were analyzed, where a 100% prevalence of use of PIM and polypharmacy was identified. The number of PIMs per patient was significantly associated with females (p = 0.020), with a higher prevalence of older adult women who used between 1 and 4 PIMs (64.1%); diagnosis (p = 0.006), with a higher prevalence of older adult people with circulatory tract diseases (54.5% using 1-4 PIM), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (85.7% using 1-4 PIM) ) and diseases of the circulatory system (83.5% in use ≥5 PIM); polypharmacy (p = 0.002) with higher prevalence of older adult people who used ≥10 medications (52%, in use ≥ 5 PIM). The main therapeutic classes of PIM were of the alimentary tract and metabolism (46%) and nervous system (22%). Conclusion: It is concluded that the prescription of PIM was very high, where all the older adult in this study were exposed, being significantly associated with the female gender, polypharmacy, and diagnoses related to chronic comorbidities. It is necessary to raise the awareness of the team to adopt safer strategies and practices in the use of these drugs in order to minimize the exposure of the older adult to possible risks.

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Malnutrition in school children in an urban-rural region of the extreme South of São Paulo city

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082011ao2045 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 508-513

Author(s):

Marcela Maria Pandolfi ◽

Fabio Sandrini ◽

Maurício Rocco de Oliveira ◽

Jane de Eston Armond ◽

Ana Cristina Ribeiro Zöllner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Child Nutrition ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Z Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Year ◽

Nutritional Deficit ◽

Height For Age

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the persistence of nutritional deficit in a sample of schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,761 schoolchildren between 6 and 10 years from 3 schools. They were assessed by Z scores of weight for height and height for age, according to the World Health Organization. The variables studied were gender, age, grade and school year. The χ² test was used to relate the nutritional deficit with the variables. Results: Of all children 8.5% were malnourished according to the weight for height Z score, 21.6%, according to height for age. The analysis of the weight for height Z score revealed that 59.7% were male and 40.3% female. The mean age was 8.9 years. As to the Z score of height for age, 53.9% were males and 46.1% females. The risk of malnutrition was higher among boys: 59.7% for the weight for height index and 53.9% for height for age. There was no statistical difference between schools, gender and school year. As to nutritional status, school period (p < 0.0001) and students’ grade (p = 0.0105), we observed statistical significance. Conclusion: Malnutrition still persists among the low-income population and males had a higher percentage of malnutrition. Nutritional evaluation of students is an extremely important tool for understanding the dynamics of child nutrition and development.

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