Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measurement of Children Up to 7 Years of Age: The Hokkaido Birth Cohort Study in Japan

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP) increase the risk of offspring with a low birth weight, preterm birth and small-for-gestational age; however, evidence of the anthropometric measurements during early childhood remains limited. We aimed to understand the associations between maternal HDP and anthropometric measurements of children aged up to seven years in a Japanese cohort. In total, 20,926 mother–infant pairs participated in the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health, Japan, from 2002 to 2013. Medical reports were used to confirm HDP exposure, while weight, height, height z score, and weight z score were the outcomes. The prevalence of HDP in the study population was 1.7%. The birth height of male children born to HDP mothers was smaller as compared to those born to non-HDP mothers. When adjusted with covariates, the linear regressions showed significant changes in birth weight (b: −79.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −154.8, −3.8), birth height (−0.67; 95% CI: −1.07, −0.26), weight at seven years (1.21; 95% CI: 0.13, 2.29), and weight gain between four and seven years (1.12; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.96) of male children exposed to HDP. Differences were more significant in male children than female. Our study showed that despite low birth weight, male children exposed to HDP caught up with their growth and gained more weight by seven years of age compared with male children not exposed to HDP, whereas no such differences were observed in female children; however, this finding requires replication.

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Use of a Simple Anthropometric Measurement to Identify Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Enugu, Nigeria

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x18788174 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 2333794X1878817

Author(s):

Ndubuisi Kennedy Chukwudi ◽

Huldah Ijeoma Nwokeukwu ◽

Gilbert Nwadiakanma Adimorah

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cutoff Point ◽

Chest Circumference ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Study Population

Background. This prospective study was conducted to identify a suitable alternative to birth weight and establish its cutoff point to facilitate the identification of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Methods. The study involved newborn babies within the first 48 hours of life. Five anthropometric measurements (head, chest, mid-arm and calf circumferences, as well as abdominal girth) were taken using a tape measure while supine length was measured with an aluminum infantometer. Birth weight was also recorded. Linear regression analysis was done to identify the measurement with the highest coefficient of determination with birth weight while its cutoff point was defined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Standard statistical tests were used to determine the statistical significance of the findings. Results. The LBW prevalence for the study population was 21.41%. Chest circumference had the highest R2 value of 0.83 for the general study population and 0.72 for the LBW infants. The identified cutoff point for chest circumference is ⩽30 cm. Conclusion. Chest circumference is the best alternative to birth weight in identifying LBW babies within the first 48 hours of life in this environment.

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Major Maternal Dietary Patterns during Early Pregnancy and Their Association with Neonatal Anthropometric Measurement

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/4692193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hossein Hajianfar ◽

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Zahra Shahshahan ◽

Leila Azadbakht

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Western Dietary Pattern

Background. Anthropometric measurements of newborn infant are widely assessed as determinants of maternal nutrition. Although earlier studies have mostly examined the effects of particular nutrients or foods during gestational period on neonatal anthropometric measurements, there are few studies regarding the association of dietary patterns and mentioned measurements. So, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between major maternal dietary patterns and neonatal anthropometric measurements including body weight, head circumference, and height. Methods. The current prospective observational study is based on the data collected from 812 pregnant women. Dietary data was collected using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results. Three identified major dietary patterns according to the results obtained from the factor loading matrix were (i) “western dietary pattern”; (ii) “traditional dietary pattern”; (iii) “healthy dietary pattern”. Overall, this study demonstrated a positive significant association between high adherences to western dietary pattern and chance of having low birth weight infant. However, such associations were not seen in women taking healthy and traditional dietary patterns. Conclusion. We found that healthier maternal dietary patterns during early pregnancy might be associated with lower risk of low birth weight. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

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THE AGE OF ATTAINING BLADDER CONTROL

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.42.4.614 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 614-626

Author(s):

Wallace C. Oppel ◽

Paul A. Harper ◽

Rowland V. Rider

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Life Table ◽

Median Duration ◽

The Other ◽

Large Contribution ◽

Median Length ◽

Bladder Control ◽

Study Population

Data in life table form are presented from a 12-year prospective study of 859 children on the age of attaining bladder control for waking and sleeping hours by three indices: (1) age of initial dryness, (2) age of final dryness, and (3) the prevalence of dryness. By use of these indices the large contribution of relapsers to enuresis is seen. The prevalence of bedwetting in the study population was greater than that reported in other studies; the validity of this finding is defended. A larger proportion of female than male children attained both day and night dryness during the first 2 years of life. The percentage of Negro boys who first attained dryness was less than that of the other three race-sex groups after 2 years of age and was significantly less than that of Negro girls until 9 years of age. One quarter of the 817 children who attained initial nighttime dryness by age 12 relapsed; these relapsing episodes had a median duration of 2.5 years. One tenth of 855 children who attained initial daytime dryness had relapses, and the median length of these was 1.2 years. Relapsing occurred much more frequently in Negro than Caucasian children; it also was seen more often in Caucasian males than in Caucasian females. Low birth weight children had a higher percentage of children wet for both waking and sleeping hours than did full birth weight children.

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GROWTH OF VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PRETERM UNTIL 12 MONTHS OF CORRECTED AGE

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.90228 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 351 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milene De Moraes Sedrez Rover ◽

Cláudia Silveira Viera ◽

Beatriz Rosana G. de Oliveira Toso ◽

Sabrina Grassiolli ◽

Bruna Maria Bugs

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Z Score ◽

Monitoring Methods ◽

Male Birth ◽

Growth Changes

Introduction: facing the progressive increase in the survival of premature ta infants, a concern for health professionals would be related to the possible consequences arising from prematurity, among them the growth changes. Objectives: to describe the anthropometric variables of newborns Premature Very Low Birth Weight in the follow-up monitoring. Methods: observational, longitudinal and retrospective study, involving 71 children who left Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with a weight lower than 1500 g who were treated between 2006 and 2013. They should have at least three outpatient visits within twelve months of corrected age after NCAU discharge, in the following periods: period I up to 3 months of corrected age; period II between 4-6 months of corrected age and period III between 7-12 months of corrected age. Results: the mean Gestational Age (GA) was 29.4 weeks, 51% male, birth weight 1073.2 g, 70% with appropriate GA. The hospitalization stay was 68.73 days. Weight Z score at birth -0.95; at discharge -3.05; in period I -2.4; period II -1.8; period III -1.2. Height at birth -1.21, at discharge -2.23; -2.5; -1.8 and -1.1 for the periods I, II and III , respectively. Regarding the PT Z score at birth -0.71; at discharge -1.5; and monitoring -1.1; - 0.8 and -0.5 respectively in the periods I, II and III. Conclusions: despite of the great Z score reduction in NICU, there was a progressive improvement during follow-up in the Z score in the three anthropometric variables.

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Clinical profile of fungal sepsis in new born: a tertiary centre experience from Bangladesh

Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care ◽

10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 170-173

Author(s):

Farhana Tasneem ◽

Mohammad Monir Hossain ◽

Salahuddin Mahmud ◽

Syed Shafi Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Study Group ◽

Ventilator Support ◽

Study Population ◽

Feed Intolerance ◽

Neonatal Candidiasis

Background: Candida infections are frequent and major causes of septicemia in neonatal intensive care units and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight preterm infants are especially vulnerable to these devastating infections. Material and methods: A prospective observational study was done from May 2013 to June 2014 in SCABU (Special Care Baby Unit) & ICU (Intensive Care Unit) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka. All neonates admitted with suspected clinical sepsis were analyzed in the study. Among which 30 culture positive candida cases were identified and included in this study. Outcome measures assessed was the incidence of candidemia in our NICU with clinical profiles and associated risk factors. Results: Out of 30 newborns 18 (60%) were preterms, 20% of study population were having a birth weight of <1 kg, 23.3% with a birth weight of 1-1.5 kg and 23.3% with a birth weight of 1.5-2.5 kg. 73.4% of the study population were hospitalized for >1 week. In the study group 56.7% had feed intolerance, 53.3% needed ventilator support, 56.7% had temperature instability, 73.3% had thrombocytopenia 63.3% had apnea and 73.3% had jaundice. The overall survival was 63.3%. Conclusions Low birth weight, prematurity, use of broad spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation and prolonged hospital stay were important risk factors associated with neonatal candidiasis in this study. Thrombocytopenia, feed intolerance, increased requirement for ventilator support, temperature instability, jaundice and apnea were significant clinical parameters noted in babies with culture proven neonatal candidiasis. The overall survival was 63.3% in the study group.

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Determinants of Low APGAR score in Newborns Delivered at Lemlem Karl General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2018: A Case Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32019/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mussie Mulugeta Gebremedhin ◽

Mengistu Welday Gebremichael ◽

Berhane Gebreegizabiher Gebremichael ◽

Mihrete-ab Mehari Reda ◽

Tesfay Adhena Hailu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

General Hospital ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Determinant Factors ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

Control Study

Abstract BACKGROUND: The Apgar score is a method to quickly summarize the health of newborn children. It establishes a simple and clear classification of newborns, which could be used to predict survival and to compare methods of resuscitation and perinatal experience across hospitals and obstetric practices. Low Apgar score is associated with various immediate and long-term adverse health outcomes of newborns. Hence; in order to decrease the risk/complications, identifying the determinant factors of low Apgar is crucial to act on the modifiable risk factors. This study is aimed to investigate the determinant factors of a low Apgar score in newborn children.METHOD: The study was conducted in Lemelem Karl general hospital; northern Ethiopia. An institutional-based unmatched, case-control study was implemented. Data were retrieved from medical charts of 662 newborns’ mothers who gave birth in the hospital from Sep 2014 to Sep 2017. Among these, 221 of them were cases (charts of mothers whose newborns’ fifth minute Apgar score was <7) and 441 of them were controls (charts of mothers whose newborns’ Apgar score was 7 and above). Data was collected using a pretested and structured checklist using systematic sampling and data was entered & analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was done to determine the association and statistical significance was declared at P-value of ≤0.05. RESULTS: This study revealed that low Apgar score was significantly associated with antepartum hemorrhage [Adjusted odss ratio (AOR) 3.509; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.526-8.067), P= 0.003], pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders [AOR 2.69; 95% CI (1.351-5.357), P= 0.005], prolonged second stage of labor [AOR 2.63; 95% CI (1.399-4.944), P= 0.003], Cesarean delivery [AOR 2.005; 95%CI (1.223-3.287), P= 0.006],meconium-stained liquor [AOR 6.955; 95% CI (3.721-13.001), P<0.001], and low birth weight [AOR 4.38; 95% CI (2.216-8.657), P<0.001].CONCLUSION: Result from this study showed a remarkable linkage of low Apgar score with antepartum hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, meconium-stained liquor, and low birth weight. Therefore, meticulous antenatal care and labour management service are recommended to prevent low Apgar score and the concomitant neonatal death.

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Maternal and perinatal outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-019-2617-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amanual Getnet Mersha ◽

Tadesse Melaku Abegaz ◽

Mohammed Assen Seid

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternal Death ◽

Hellp Syndrome ◽

Perinatal Death ◽

Hypertensive Disorder ◽

Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy complicate around 6% of pregnancies and accounts for 19% of maternal death in Ethiopia. The current review aimed to assess maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by hypertension in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was done on the outcome of hypertensive disorder among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Literature search was made in five databases and Statistical analyses were carried out by using Stata 14 software. The pooled prevalence of maternal death, HELLP syndrome, perinatal death, and low birth weight was calculated using a random-effects model. Egger’s test and funnel plot were used to evaluate publication bias. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test the heterogeneity of studies. Result Thirteen studies included in the review, with an overall sample size of 5894 women diagnosed to have hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The pooled prevalence of maternal death was estimated to be 4% (95% CI: 2, 6%). The pooled prevalence of HELLP syndrome was 13% (95% CI: 10, 16%). Other complications such as pulmonary edema, kidney injury, hepatic injury, placental abruption, and aspiration pneumonia were also reported. Perinatal death was observed in one-fourth of women with HDP 25% (95% CI: 18, 32%). The pooled prevalence of low birth weight neonate in a woman with HDP is 37% (95% CI, 27, 48%). Conclusions In Ethiopia, the prevalence of perinatal and maternal mortality among pregnant women with one of the hypertensive disorders were found to be higher than rates reported from high income as well as most of the low and middle income countries. For instance, one in four of pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorder end up in perinatal death in Ethiopia. HELLP syndrome, placental abruption, pulmonary edema, renal damage, prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, and low birth weight were also commonly reported. To improve the health outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, it is recommended to improve utilization of maternal health service; early detection and early referral of pregnant women with hypertensive disorder; advocating policies and strategies that improves the quality of health care that a pregnant woman and her newborn receive.

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Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are associated with reduced severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very-low-birth-weight infants

Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1038/s41372-019-0413-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1125-1130

Author(s):

Amy J. Sloane ◽

Dustin D. Flannery ◽

Margaret Lafferty ◽

Erik A. Jensen ◽

Kevin Dysart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Hypertensive Disorders

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Fetal Outcome in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital ◽

10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9083 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 8-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arju Chand Singh ◽

Sadikchya Singh Rana

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽

Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

Study Results ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy, affecting approximately 5-10% of pregnancies and the major cause of maternal and infant disease and death worldwide. Very few researches have been done in Nepal to analyze the effect of hypertension in fetus. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and perinatal morbidity of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s hospital. The study was conducted from 18th October to 22nd December 2007. All primi and multigravid patient with BP ≥140/90 mmHg after 28 weeks of pregnancy were included in the study. Women with a blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg at or before 20 weeks of gestation, previous hypertension or women on antihypertensive drugs and Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 126 cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were identifi ed among 3819 obstetric cases. The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 3.3%. Among 100 cases who were included in the study, 42 had pre eclampsia and 58 had gestational hypertension. Among 42 preeclamptic patients, 15(35.71%) had low birth weight babies, and 9(15.5%) babies had low birth weight among 58 gestational hypertensive mothers. Conclusions: Preeclampsia increases the risk of intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and stillbirth.Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/8-10DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9083

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Anthropometric Measurements in Different Ethnic groups of Nepalese New Borns

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v32i1.4880 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K Malla ◽

T Mall ◽

S Rao ◽

E Gauchan ◽

S Basnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Gestation Age ◽

The Mean ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Preterm Newborns

Introduction: There is a wide variation in normal birth weight, length and head circumference of newborns. The standards formulated by Western workers may not be very reliable to this part of world because of wide variations in normal range of length, weight and head circumference in different ethnic groups. This study aims to determine the anthropometric values – birth weight, length and head circumference in Term and Preterm newborns of different ethnic groups in this region of the country and to see if this can be used as a standard for taking the anthropometric measurements.Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 600 newborns born in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara from July 2009–June 2010. A detailed anthropometric measurement (weight, length, and head circumference) of all newborns was taken on 3rd day of life. Results: Six major Ethnic groups were noted Brahmin, Gurung, Dalit, Chettri, Magar and Newar. There were 54 % males and 46% females among which 18.16% were preterms, 20.66% small for gestation age, 81.50% term and 0.33% posterm. The mean weight, length and head circumference of term babies were 2.817±0.61 gms, 47.68±2.48 cm, 33.56±2.02 cm and for preterm babies it was 2.215± 0.41 gms, 46.36±2.39 cm, 32.23±2.03 cm respectively. There were 25% low birth weight (n=151, highest number in Brahmins-27%), 74.16% normal weight (n=445) and 0.66% over weight (n=4, all were gurungs) babies. In Term newborns weight, length and head circumference was noted to be highest in Gurungs (3.3004gms, 49.35cm, 34.72cm) and was statistically significant (p<0.000). Weight and length of Brahmins was lowest (2.578 gms, 45.49cm) and head circumference was lowest in Dalits (30.88cm, statistically significant<0.000). In case of preterms highest weight and length was seen in Magars (2.387gms, 47.90cm) but head circumference was highest in Gurungs (34.18cm) whereas weight was lowest in chettri (2.1609gms), length in Brahmin (44.61cm) and OFC in Dalits (29.92cm). These parameters were directly proportion with gestation age and was statistically significant (p<0.000).Conclusion: The present study highlights the mean weight, length and head circumference of term and preterm newborns in different ethnic groups and gestation age. These parameters were directly proportion to gestation age but were variable in different Ethnic groups. Therefore a study in larger population could give us a different standard for anthropometric measurements in Nepalese newborns.Key words: Anthropometry Measurements; Newborn; NepalDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.4880 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 1-8

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