scholarly journals The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11853
Author(s):  
Konrad Siegert ◽  
Welmoed van Loon ◽  
Prabhanjan P Gai ◽  
Jessica L Rohmann ◽  
Marco Piccininni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Control Study

India faces 0.5 million malaria cases annually, including half of all Plasmodium vivax malaria cases worldwide. This case–control study assessed socioeconomic determinants of urban malaria in coastal Mangaluru, Karnataka, southwestern India. Between June and December 2015, we recruited 859 malaria patients presenting at the governmental Wenlock Hospital and 2190 asymptomatic community controls. We assessed clinical, parasitological, and socioeconomic data. Among patients, p. vivax mono-infection (70.1%) predominated. Most patients were male (93%), adult (median, 27 years), had no or low-level education (70.3%), and 57.1% were daily labourers or construction workers. In controls (59.3% male; median age, 32 years; no/low-level education, 54.5%; daily labourers/construction workers, 41.3%), 4.1% showed asymptomatic Plasmodium infection. The odds of malaria was reduced among those who had completed 10th school grade (aOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.26–0.42), lived in a building with a tiled roof (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.95), and reported recent indoor residual spraying (aOR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01–0.04). In contrast, migrant status was a risk factor for malaria (aOR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.60–3.67). Malaria in Mangaluru is influenced by education, housing condition, and migration. Indoor residual spraying greatly contributes to reducing malaria in this community and should be promoted, especially among its marginalised members.

scholarly journals A multi-centre prospective case-control study of campylobacter infection in persons aged 5 years and older in Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. STAFFORD ◽  
P. SCHLUTER ◽  
M. KIRK ◽  
A. WILSON ◽  
L. UNICOMB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Population Attributable Risks ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThere are an estimated 277 000 cases of campylobacteriosis in Australia each year, most of which are thought to be sporadically acquired. To explore causes for these infections, we conducted a multi-centre case-control study of patients and community controls across five Australian States during 2001–2002. A total of 881 campylobacter cases and 833 controls aged ⩾5 years were recruited into the study. Crude logistic analyses were conducted within various food and non-food exposure groups. A final most parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model was developed and adjusted odds ratios (aOR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were derived together with adjusted population attributable risks (PAR). Consumption of undercooked chicken (aOR 4·7, 95% CI 2·6–8·4) and offal (aOR 2·0, 95% CI 1·0–4·0), ownership of domestic chickens aged <6 months (aOR 12·4, 95% CI 2·6–59·3) and domestic dogs aged <6 months (aOR 2·1, 95% CI 1·1–4·2) were found to be independent risk factors for illness in the final model. The PAR proportions indicate that eating chicken meat, either cooked or undercooked may account for approximately 30% of campylobacter cases that occur each year in Australia. These results justify the continued need for education of consumers and foodhandlers about the risks associated with the handling of raw chicken and the potential for cross-contamination.

scholarly journals A Survey of Work-Related Pain Prevalence Among Construction Workers in Hong Kong: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne W.Y. Chung ◽  
Henry C.F. So ◽  
Vincent C.M. Yan ◽  
Phoebe S.T. Kwok ◽  
Bonny Y.M. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Pain Prevalence ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Control Study

Construction workers undertake demanding physical work and face high risk of injuries in poor working environments. This case-control study investigated the extent of their musculoskeletal pain incidence at work. A total of 2021 construction workers in different trades were interviewed on-site in a survey from December 2017 to December 2018. The survey results revealed that the pain prevalence of the subjects in the last 24 h was 10.6 %. The worst and top most common pain spots caused by work were central lower back, left/right shoulders, and knees. Regarding pain management, their most common method was to ignore the pain (21.4%). The average percentage of pain relief after receiving treatment in the 24 h was 37.12%. Besides, significant differences were found between the pain and non-pain groups regarding their employment duration in current job or their average sleep duration in the 24 h. The study showed that those with multiple and bilateral pain sites had pain interference on their living activities.

scholarly journals A Case-Control Study on Male Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Hospital and Community Controls

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Shibata ◽  
Katsuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Atsushi Nishiyori ◽  
Itsuro Ogimoto ◽  
Kyuichi Tanikawa
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals A community-wide outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infection associated with eating a raw milk soft cheese in France

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DE VALK ◽  
E. DELAROCQUE-ASTAGNEAU ◽  
G. COLOMB ◽  
S. PLE ◽  
E. GODARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Soft Cheese ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Control Study

In 1997, a community-wide outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection occurred in France. The investigation included case searching and a case-control study. A case was defined as a resident of the Jura district with fever or diarrhoea between 12 May and 8 July 1997, from whom S. typhimurium was isolated in stool or blood. One hundred and thirteen cases were identified. Thirty-three (83%) of 40 cases but only 23 (55%) of 42 community controls, matched for age and area of residence, reported eating Morbier cheese (Odds ratio: 6·5; 95% Confidence Interval: 1·4–28·8). Morbier cheese samples taken from the refrigerators of two case-patients and one symptom-free neighbour cultured positive for S. typhimurium of the same phage type as the human isolates. The analysis of distribution channels incriminated one batch from a single processing plant. These findings show that an unpasteurized soft cheese is an effective vehicle of S. typhimurium transmission.

Risk factors for non-fatal occupational injuries among construction workers: A case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Khashaba ◽  
M El-Helaly ◽  
AH El-Gilany ◽  
SM Motawei ◽  
S Foda
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Past History ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Injured Workers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
Control Study

Background: Substance abuse is a serious problem, because it affects both workers and young people. Prevalence and consequences of cannabis abuse among construction workers in particular are not well studied in Egypt. Objectives: To determine the association between non-fatal occupational injuries among construction workers and their demographic and occupational factors and to assess the frequency of cannabis abuse and its relationship to injury severity and workdays lost. Subjects and methods: A case–control study was conducted at Mansoura Emergency Hospital. Cases were 100 acutely injured male workers. A control group of 90 healthy age-matched workers was selected from 8 construction sites. Workers were interviewed, and a questionnaire was completed that included socio-demographic data, full occupational history, and causes and type of injury. Injury outcome measures included lost workdays and the injury severity score (ISS). Cannabis abuse in injured workers was monitored by preliminary testing of urine and confirmatory testing of blood. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of occupational injuries were rural residence, being a carpenter or painter and past history of injuries. The most common accidents were slipping falls (62%). Confirmed cannabis test was positive in 51.1% of the injured workers. Median days away from work were greater among cannabis users than non-users. The ISS was significantly higher among users compared to non-users ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cannabis abuse can increase injury severity and prolong workdays lost. Drug testing is recommended for at-risk construction workers with inadequate safety measures.

scholarly journals Reduced Risk of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Papua New Guinean Children with Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis in Two Cohorts and a Case-Control Study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e1001305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rosanas-Urgell ◽  
Enmoore Lin ◽  
Laurens Manning ◽  
Patricia Rarau ◽  
Moses Laman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Papua New Guinean ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Reduced Risk
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