scholarly journals Shadow economy and public debt sustainability in Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (173) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yereli Burçin ◽  
Erdem Seçilmiş ◽  
Alparslan Başaran
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the shadow economy and public debt in Turkey. We elaborate on the questions regarding the negative effects of shadow economy on the sustainability of public debt observing the estimates about the size of shadow economy in Turkey. In the light of some scholars? estimates, we re-evaluate the macroeconomic situation of Turkey. At the core of the study, we discuss how the government borrowing policies would differ if the shadow economy was included into the legal system. In order to examine the effects of shadow economy on sustainability, we use various sustainability indicators. There is a significant difference observed between the calculations which take into account the volume of shadow economy as a share of economic system and those that exclude shadow economy as an exogenous variable. .

scholarly journals Corruption and Shadow Economy in Kyrgyzstan

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omurbek Karatalov
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Recommendations

This paper investigates the theoretical and practical bases of the appearance of corruption and shadow economy in the Kyrgyz Republic in terms of its sovereignty. We have used analytic data of law enforcement bodies, special agencies, the judiciary, the country's Statistics Committee, as well as the mass media information. The study has disclosed the reasons of the formation of corrupt schemes and the shadow economy in the country. Analyzed the major industries of the country where the corruption and the shadow economy have been revealed and the relationship, reasons between corruption and shadow economy have been investigated as well. Indentified that the government bodies related to public, finance, social services, law enforcement, and judicial authorities have worked with criminal structures. In this study the total amount of corruption and shadow economy damage amount for the country has been calculated during the regime of ex-presidents management. Eventually this paper gives practical recommendations in order to eliminate corruption and shadow economy in the country. On the basis of mathematical statistics defined negative effects of corruption and "shadow" economy on the budget of Kyrgyzstan. Finally, practical recommendations aimed at eliminating corruption and shadow economy in the country.

Europeanisation of Polish Law Following Poland’s Accession to the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Robert Grzeszczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Legal System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The article concerns primarily the effects of the membership of the European Union on national (Polish) law and, to a limited extent, on the political system of a state. The conclusions presented in the article are of universal value. Although the article deals with Polish affairs, the principles, tendencies and consequences identified are typical of the relationship state – the EU, both before and after accession, regardless of the state concerned. It should be, however, noted that the path to membership and the membership itself are different in each case. The practice of the Polish membership of the European Union, its systemic dimension and the changes in the national legal system (Europeanisation) do not differ significantly than in the case of other Member States. Europeanisation of Polish law, politics, economy, culture and society has been in progress since the 1990s. One can differentiate between two stages of Europeanisation: before and after Poland’s EU accession, each characterised by different conditions. Over time, this process, on the whole, has been undergoing numerous changes but it has never weakened in importance. Poland faces issues such as poor legitimation of integration processes, supremacy of the government over the parliament, passivity of parliamentary committees in controlling the government and EU institutions in the decision making process, as well as dilution of responsibility for decisions taken within the EU. The process of Europeanisation relies mostly on direct application of the standards of EU law in the national legal system, implementation of directives into national law and harmonisation or standardisation of national legal solutions so that they comply with the EU framework. It is also reception of a common, European (Union) axiology.

scholarly journals Vietnam’s future public debt: Prospects and implicantions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-972
Author(s):  
Vi Hoang Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Basic Scenario ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
Public Debt Management ◽  
The Government

By the end of 2017, VietNam's public debt had reached 3.1 million billion VND; 2.2 times higher than the end of 2011 (1,393 million VND). The ratio of public debt/GDP of Vietnam has increased rapidly in recent year, since 2011. Specifically, within only 5 years from 2011 to 2015, the ratio of public debt / GDP of Vietnam increased by 12.2 percentage points, from 50% to 62.2%. Although, the Government of Vietnam has made strong commitments to control public debt. But the actual results are not as expected and tend to get worse. With the current trend of increasing the size and risk of public debt, it is necessary to forecast the public debt and make policy implications on public debt management. Therefore, the author analyzed the state of Vietnam's budget deficit and public debt. Since the author used dynamic models Cechetti, Mohanty and Zampolli (2010) to forecast Vietnam's public debt trends to 2030, with three scenarios: The basic scenario is that there is no improvement in the balance of budget the Basic scenario is no improvement in the basic budget balance, the Bad scenario is the high budget deficit. From there, implications on public debt management that aim to increase the sustainability of public debt in VietNam.

scholarly journals Pengupahan dalam Sistem Upah Indonesia dan Islam

AL- ADALAH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ruslan Abdul Ghofur
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
Employment Agreement ◽  
The World ◽  
City District ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The conflict between workers and employers has become a routine phenomenon in the world of labor in Indonesia. From a number of demands that have arisen in each demonstration, the issue of wages has always been the main issue voiced by the workers. The government has actually attempted to mediate this issue by issuing a regulation on Provincial Minimum Wages (UMP) and Minimum Wages for City/District (UMK). The issue of wages, however, always ranks first in the demands of the workers. This article compares the concept of wages in the capitalistic economic system with the concept of wages in Islam. The aim is to get an idea of how each system regulates the relationship between workers and employers. This study finds out that in Islamic economics, wages (ujrah) are product of a system of cooperative help which is manifested in a contract of an employment agreement. Whereas in a capitalistic economic system, labor is more valued as one type of commodity or capital goods that will produce a new value.

SUSTAINABILITY OF PUBLIC DEBT AND INEQUALITY IN A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritaka Maebayashi ◽  
Kunihiko Konishi
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between the sustainability of public debt and inequality in an endogenous growth model with heterogeneous agents. We show that the threshold for the sustainability of public debt is related to not only the relative size of public debt but also inequality. In addition, this study examines the effects of budget deficit and redistributive policies on the sustainability of public debt and inequality. We show that an increase in the deficit ratio or the redistributive tax makes public debt less sustainable. If the economy falls into the unsustainable region as a result of the policy change, both public debt and inequality continue to increase.

scholarly journals Sharia Islamic Economics in the Middle of Civilization Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghozali ◽  
Resi Handayani ◽  
Wahyudi Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The existence of an economic system of capitalism, an economic system of socialism, and an economic system of sharia are a response to problems regarding the economy as well as an answer to removing people from the obscurity of the existing economic system. It’s hoped that these systems will be the key to the economic success of a society. But there are always advantages and disadvantages to every existing system. The economic system of capitalism is an economic system hi which investors or owners of capital are the movers and rulers. Meanwhile, the economic system of socialism is a system hi which the government is the main control, this system ignores the position of the individual, everything is regulated by the ruler and no one has the right other than the ruler. The considerations positives and negatives of each system have created a sharia economic system where this system has every positive side of the capitalist and socialist economic system but ignores the shortcomings or negative sides of the two systems. This paper discussed how the economic system of capitalism, the economic system of socialism, the Islamic economic system, and the relationship between them. The method used in this writing was library research, in which the authors used various secondary data from books, article, and many more. The results showed that it is clear that there are far differences between the conventional economic system and the Islamic economic system, the conventional economic system includes the economic system of capitalism and the economic system of socialism.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Trunk Muscle Activation and Core Stability: A Biomechanical Analysis of Pilates-Based Stabilization Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12804
Author(s):  
Kyeongjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Stabilization Exercise ◽  
The Core ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Pilates is an effective exercise method for rehabilitating musculoskeletal disorders as its principles are based on the activation of local muscles. This study aimed to compare the subjects with and without Pilates experience to find out the effect of the experience on the core muscle activity and muscle co-contraction, and to examine the relationship between the core muscle activation level and the kinematic data. This study involved 32 subjects, including 16 experienced Pilates practitioners and 16 non-experienced subjects. The knee stretch on the reformer was performed in three different positions: flat back with a neutral pelvis, round back with posteriorly tilted pelvis (RPP), and extended back anteriorly tilted pelvis (EAP). The electromyography of the internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus (MU), and iliocostalis lumborum (IL) muscles were measured, as well as kinematic data from a 3D motion analysis system. Compared to the non-experienced subjects, the experienced subjects activated the IO muscles more than the RA muscles, and the most significant difference was seen in the RPP position (p < 0.05). The experienced patients activated the MU muscles more often than the IL muscles, with the most significant difference observed in the RPP position and the least significant in the EAP position (p < 0.05). All kinematic data and muscle activity (IO, IO/RA ratio, MU/IL ratio) showed significant differences between the experienced and non-experienced subjects (p < 0.05). The subjects presented a moderate correlation between muscle activation and core stability. It was confirmed that the experienced Pilates practitioners activated the abdominal and low back core muscles effectively, and the stability of the pelvis and trunk were better than that of the non-experienced participants. In addition, the better the trunk stability was maintained, the larger and more accurate movement of the mobility segment was observed.

scholarly journals Government-linked banks’ performance in Jordan

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahid Ghabayen ◽  
Ahmad Omar Hardan ◽  
Zaid Jaradat ◽  
Mohannad Alshbiel
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between government ownership and bank performance in Jordan. The banking sector has been widely ignored in the past corporate governance studies due to its strict system. Using a panel data from 2004 to 2013 (147 observations/years), the multiple regression analysis shows that increasing the percentage of shareholdings leads to higher profitability. Additional government-linked banks (GLBs) generally outperform their unlinked counterparts. However, their outperformance is contingent to the significance percentage of the shareholdings. On other words, if the government shareholdings are not significant (less than 10%) the government ownership does not make a significant difference in the performance. Using panel data provide us with a significant roles played by the period of the study. The banks show increasing in their performance through the period of this study. However, the size and the age of the banks are found to be insignificant while the leveraged banks significantly underperform their counterparts. The results of this study might be of interest of potential investors, policy makers, governance agencies and information users.

scholarly journals Public Administration in China's Transitional Period and the Analysis of Its Reform

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Lihui Cai
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Socialist Market Economy ◽  
Public Administration Reform ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Governmental Institutions

China is undergoing change from a traditional planned economy to a socialist market economy. In this transitional period, China faces the task of reforming and innovating the function of public administration, a task common throughout the world. In order to improve the effectiveness, the accountability, and the quality of service of China's public administration, a number of issues must be discussed. These issues include: the status of China's market economic system and its requirements in the area of public administration; the inner conflicet between the development of China's economic system and the currrent public administrtion; and the overall reform of China's administration of the public sector (the competence of the government, governmental institutions, the personnel system and the legal system). Furthermore, this paper puts forward the notion that China's public administration reform should center on reinventing government by developing democratic institutions and transforming the function of government - particularly in the areas of the legal system and access to information and information technology.

Agricultural Knowledge, Local Environment, and the Experts: Silkworm Production in Nineteenth-Century Bursa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-100
Author(s):  
Zeynep Akçakaya
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Hybrid Knowledge ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article is a case study of silkworm production in Bursa in the nineteenth century. This case was chosen mainly to discuss the relationship between scientific agricultural knowledge and peasants’ knowledge. The article argues that neither type of knowledge was static and that hybrid knowledge was the product of the interaction between scientific and peasants’ knowledge. Furthermore, it analyses how scientific knowledge turned from a cure for pebrine, a disease of silkworms, into a means of standardisation and control of the peasants’ production by the government and the Ottoman Public Debt Administration so that they could increase their revenue from sericulture. In this framework, the article also discusses how peasants’ knowledge changed partly by embracing scientific knowledge and partly by resisting it.

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