Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams

Mercury is produced and drained into the environment by removing dental amalgams, which may cause mercury pollution. This study aimed to clarify the mercury amount remaining in the oral cavity and inside the drain system after removal. The effects of the removal conditions and differences in drainage systems were also investigated. Dental amalgams filled in the tooth and placed in a phantom head were removed using an air turbine under several conditions (two removal methods, absence of cooling water, and intraoral suction). Then, the oral cavity was rinsed with 100 mL of water (oral rinse water), and 500 mL of water was suctioned to wash the inside of the drainage system (system rinse water). Both water samples were collected in two ways (amalgam separator and gas-liquid separator), and their mercury amounts were measured. It was found that the amount of mercury left in the oral cavity and drainage system after dental amalgams removal could be reduced when the amalgams were removed by being cut into fragments as well as using cooling water and intraoral suction. In addition, using amalgam separators can significantly reduce the amount of mercury in the discharge water and prevent the draining of mercury into the environment.

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Isolation of Candida Species from the Oral Cavity and Fingertips of Complete Denture Wearers

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1604 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 712-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Suresh Nagaral ◽

Raviraj G Desai ◽

Vikas Kamble ◽

Anand Kumar G Patil

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Complete Denture ◽

The Body ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Identification System ◽

Denture Stomatitis ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

Oral Candidosis ◽

Candidal Colonization

ABSTRACT Background Wearing a dental prosthesis is known to increase oral candidal colonization and predispose the wearer to oral candidosis. Denture wearers frequently use fingers to take the prosthesis out of their mouth. Oral Candida, if present may contaminate wearer's finger. The objective of this study was to investigate the simultaneous candidal colonization of oral cavity and fingertips of complete denture wearers. Materials and methods A total of 25 apparently healthy male subjects who had worn complete dentures for at least 1 year were selected. Information about each patient's denture age, denture hygiene, handling, and wearing habits, and hand washing habits after denture handling were be obtained. Intraoral examination of all the patients was done. For microbiological examination samples were collected from the fingertip and oral rinse of each patient. Candida species were identified with use of germ tube test and commercially available yeast identification system. Data was statistically analyzed. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results It was found that frequency of hand washing, denture handling and denture stomatitis with respect to fingertip candidal isolation was not statistically significant. But poor denture hygiene and denture stomatitis with respect to oral candidal colonization was statistically significant. Conclusion Denture wearers with oral Candida had a higher prevalence of Candida contamination on their fingers. Patients with removable prostheses should be informed about the importance of proper prosthesis and personal hygiene and the possibility of microbial contamination of the hands and other parts of the body. How to cite this article Nagaral S, Desai RG, Kamble V, Patil AKG. Isolation of Candida Species from the Oral Cavity and Fingertips of Complete Denture Wearers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):712-716.

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Oral microbial colonization in patients with systemic lupus erythematous: correlation with treatment and disease activity

Lupus ◽

10.1177/0961203312443420 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 969-977 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

EAF de Araújo Navas ◽

EI Sato ◽

DFA Pereira ◽

GN Back-Brito ◽

JA Ishikawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽

Inactive Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Microbial Counts ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

And Control

Treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs may interfere in the presence of potentially opportunistic microorganisms in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Candida spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas spp. in the oral cavity of SLE patients, compared with healthy controls. A group of 40 patients who had received therapy for at least 60 days was selected (19–53 years). For the control group, 40 healthy individuals matched for age, gender and use of partial prosthesis were selected. Oral rinse samples were collected and plated on specific culture media. After incubation, the number of colony forming units (CFU) was obtained and the isolates were identified at species level. Microbial counts were compared between SLE and control by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann–Whitney ( p < 0.05 significant). Microorganism counts in patients with and without immunosuppressive drugs, as well with active and inactive disease (according to SLEDAI score) were also compared. No significant differences in CFU/mL between SLE and control patients were observed (yeasts, p = 0.55; Staphylococci, p = 0.24; Enterobacteria/ Pseudomonas spp., p = 0.26). No differences in microbial counts were observed regarding clinical parameters tested. The most frequent species isolated in the SLE group were Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella oxytoca. In conclusion, no differences in frequency and microorganism levels were found between SLE patients and healthy individuals.

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A comparison of oral rinse and imprint sampling techniques for the detection of yeast, coliform and Staphylococcus aureus carriage in the oral cavity

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0714.1986.tb00646.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 386-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 195

Author(s):

L. P. Samaranayake ◽

T. W. MacFarlane ◽

P.-J. Lamey ◽

M. M. Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

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IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR RISIKO TERJADINYA KOLONISASI SPESIES CANDIDA DI RONGGA MULUT PADA INDIVIDU SEHAT (PENELITIAN PADA MAHASISWA & MAHASISWI FKG UI)

Majalah Sainstekes ◽

10.33476/ms.v2i1.1638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 023-038

Author(s):

Audiawati Audiawati ◽

Siti Aliyah Pradono ◽

Febrina Rahmayanti

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Blood Type ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Chi Square ◽

Oral Rinse

Introduction : Cases of oral candidiasis are commonly found, both in healthy individuals and immunecompromise patients, however publications of Candida carrier in the oral cavity of healthy population and risk factors for colonization in Indonesia are hardly available. Objective : This study was aimed to analyze the type and number of Candida colonies and identify risk factors in the oral cavity of apparenthly health FKG UI students. Material and methods : the specimens were taken from 195 subjects with oral rinse technique for identification using culture medium CHROMagar® and Sabaraoud dextrose agar. Results and discussion : Candida species were found in the 107 subjects oral cavity (54.87%), being Candida albicans was is the predominant species (52.33%). Some 88 subjects (82.24%) was dominant in the number of colonies 400 CFU/ml, while the rest had colony of 400 CFU/ml (17.76%). Candida colony grew dominantly in single colony (90.65%), and the others showed multi-species colonies (9.34%). Risk factors identified included age; gender; hormonal; blood type O; denture; orthodontic appliances; unstimulated salivary flow; pH of saliva; smoking, alcohol and oral cleaning habit; and oral health status. By using a statistical Pearson chi-square test, no significant relationship was found between risk factors and number of Candida colonies in the oral cavity p0.05. Conclusion : there was no one single risk factor for Candida colonization, but combination of various risk factors for demographis, local and systemic was observed

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The human oral cavity microbiota composition during acute tonsillitis: a cross-sectional survey

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-019-0956-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yun Kit Yeoh ◽

Man Hin Chan ◽

Zigui Chen ◽

Eddy W. H. Lam ◽

Po Yee Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Community Composition ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Acute Tonsillitis ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Oral Cancers ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Microbial culture-based investigations of inflamed tonsil tissues have previously indicated enrichment of several microorganisms such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Prevotella. These taxa were also largely reflected in DNA sequencing studies performed using tissue material. In comparison, less is known about the response of the overall oral cavity microbiota to acute tonsillitis despite their role in human health and evidence showing that their compositions are correlated with diseases such as oral cancers. In addition, the influence of subject-specific circumstances including consumption of prescription antibiotics and smoking habits on the microbiology of acute tonsillitis is unknown. Methods We collected oral rinse samples from 43 individuals admitted into hospital for acute tonsillitis and 165 non-disease volunteers recruited from the public, and compared their microbial community compositions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We assessed the impact of tonsillitis, whether subjects were prescribed antibiotics, the presence of oral abscesses and their smoking habits on community composition, and identified specific microbial taxa associated with tonsillitis and smoking. Results Oral rinse community composition was primarily associated with disease state (tonsillitis vs non-tonsillitis) although its effect was subtle, followed by smoking habit. Multiple Prevotella taxa were enriched in tonsillitis subjects compared to the non-tonsillitis cohort, whereas the non-tonsillitis cohort primarily showed associations with several Neisseria sequence variants. The presence of oral abscesses did not significantly influence community composition. Antibiotics were prescribed to a subset of individuals in the tonsillitis cohort but we did not observe differences in community composition associated with antibiotics consumption. In both tonsillitis and non-tonsillitis cohorts, smoking habit was associated with enrichment of several Fusobacterium variants. Conclusions These findings show that the oral cavity microbial community is altered during acute tonsillitis, with a consistent enrichment of Prevotella during tonsillitis raising the possibility of targeted interventions. It also supports the possible link between smoking, Fusobacteria and oral cancers.

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ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BIOFILM PRODUCING Candida albicans ISOLATED FROM ORAL CAVITY OF DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC POPULATION OF DHARAN, NEPAL

10.21203/rs.2.12328/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bijay kumar Shrestha ◽

Jenish Shakya ◽

Hemanta Khanal

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

Diabetic Population ◽

Oral Candida

Abstract Background: Candida are almost universal on normal adult skin and C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and female genital tracts. It is acknowledged that diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections caused by Candida albicans due to increased blood glucose and inability of immune system in eradicating the fungus. Studies suggest that Gutkha consumers are also at high risk of oral Candida carriage . Materials and methodology The participants were provided 10 ml of Normal saline and were asked to oral rinse for 1 minute. Oral rinse was collected in a sterile screw capped container and was transported in cold chain to microbiology laboratory. The oral rinse sample was inoculated onto the Sabouraud dextrose agar with Chloramphenicol and was incubated at 37°C for 3-4 days. The Colony forming Unit of candida was compared among diabetic and healthy controls. The candida albicans were identified by Germ tube formation. The Candida albicans isolates were subjected to Biofilm assay, Antifungal susceptibility Test, Haemolysin assay, Haemolysis degree and phospholipase assay. Result: This study reported 31.5% prevalence of oral Candida.The Candida carriage in CFU of diabetic population was statistically significant (p<0.05). The maximum isolates were found to be Biofilm producers. There was significant association between Gutkha consumers with oral Candida carriage. The study suggests that there is higher colonization of Candida in diabetic populations than in healthy population. The result also concludes that frequency of Candida in Oral cavity of Gutkha consumers was also higher (p<0.05). All isolated strains of Candida albicans were tested for antifungal susceptibility testing and 76.19% were found to be Resistant to Fluconazole and 50% were found to be resistant to Amphotericin B. There was statistical significance in Biofilm formation and fluconazole Drug resistance. Conclusion The findings indicated highest colonization of oral Candida in diabetic population and in Gutkha consumers. The greatest numbers of isolated Candida albicans were biofilm producer which showed greater frequency of Fluconazole drug resistance.

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Oral rinses in growth inhibition and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

10.21203/rs.2.16924/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dharmendra Kashyap ◽

Budhadev Baral ◽

Tarun Prakash Verma ◽

Charu Sonkar ◽

Debi Chatterji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Growth Pattern ◽

Gastric Biopsy ◽

Striking Difference ◽

Ags Cells ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

H Pylori ◽

First Time

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is well-known for its role in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Eradication of these carcinogenic bacteria from the gut is one of the challenges for clinicians. The complexity of treatment mainly owes to antibiotic resistance and relapse due to an additional reservoir in the oral cavity. Our study emphases the isolation of H. pylori from distinct habitats of the gut microenvironment (gastric biopsy and gastric juice) and its subsequent characterization. We have also evaluated the effect of various oral rinses on isolated H. pylori from different anatomical locations of included subjects. Results The possible strains isolated from two different habitats of the same subject shows a striking difference in their growth pattern. Promisingly, some of the included oral rinses are efficient in growth inhibition as per recommended 30 sec treatment. The subsequent evaluation shows that oral rinse B (among A-E) is most effective and down-regulates the expression of one of the potent H. pylori gene, CagA, in the infected gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. Conclusion Our study, for the first time, revealed that H. pylori, isolated from the different habitat of the same subject, show a different growth pattern. The expression of H. pylori pathogenic gene (CagA) was down-regulated by the use of oral rinses. Hence, oral rinses will reduce the H. pylori in the oral cavity and help to control its migration from oral to the gastric compartment and may be used as an adjuvant treatment option for its re-infection.

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Oral rinses in growth inhibition and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

10.21203/rs.2.16924/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dharmendra Kashyap ◽

Budhadev Baral ◽

Tarun Prakash Verma ◽

Charu Sonkar ◽

Debi Chatterji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Growth Pattern ◽

Gastric Biopsy ◽

Striking Difference ◽

Ags Cells ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

H Pylori ◽

First Time

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Oral HPV16 Prevalence in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cavity Cancers

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10020223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 223 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kai Dun Tang ◽

Lilian Menezes ◽

Kurt Baeten ◽

Laurence J. Walsh ◽

Bernard C. S. Whitfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽

P16ink4a Expression ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

Oral Cavity Carcinoma ◽

Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽

Potentially Malignant ◽

Oral Cavity Cancers ◽

Hpv16 Infection

The role of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cavity carcinoma (OC) is still under debate. We investigated HPV16 prevalence in unstimulated saliva, oral rinse samples, oral swabs and tumour biopsies collected from OPMD (n = 83) and OC (n = 106) patients. HPV16 genotype, viral load, physical status (episomal vs. integrated) and tumour p16INK4a expression were determined. Oral HPV16 prevalence was higher in OC than in OPMD, but this difference was not statistically significant (7.5% (8/106) versus 3.6% (3/83), odds ratio (OR): 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56, 8.48, p = 0.26). There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between oral HPV16 infection and heavy tobacco consumption. Real-time PCR results indicated that no integration events occurred in either OPMD or OC cases based on the HPV16 E2/E6 ratio. HPV16 positive OPMD and OC patients had similar HPV16 E2 and E6 viral loads. The inter-rater agreement between tumour p16INK4a expression and oral HPV16 infection was considered as fair (k = 0.361) for OC. Our data suggest that the involvement of HPV16 in oral carcinogenesis is limited.

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Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA copy number in oral rinse samples from oral cavity cancer patients

Translational Research in Oral Oncology ◽

10.1177/2057178x18774683 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 2057178X1877468

Author(s):

Hideo Shigeishi ◽

Sho Yokoyama ◽

Kouji Ohta ◽

Masaaki Takechi ◽

Masaru Sugiyama

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Copy Number ◽

Oral Cavity Cancer ◽

Dna Copy Number ◽

Hpv16 E6 ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

Human Papillomavirus Type 16 ◽

Copy Numbers

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA copy number in the oral cavity of cancer patients using oral rinse samples. Methods: We analyzed the HPV16 DNA copy number of oral rinse samples in 13 primary oral cavity cancer patients (mean age 67.8 years, range 48–84 years) who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery of Hiroshima University Hospital (Hiroshima, Japan). The 13 oral cavity cancers included 6 carcinomas in situ and 7 squamous cell carcinomas. Real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine the number of HPV16 E6 viral copies in oral rinse samples. Additionally, the HPV16 integration status was investigated using the real-time PCR findings for HPV16 E2 genes in HPV16 E6-positive oral rinse samples. Results: HPV16 E6 copy numbers above the detection limit in a standard curve for HPV16 E6 DNA were assessed as HPV16 positive in oral rinse samples from 6 of 13 patients. The average number of HPV16 E6 viral copies was 1.71 ± 1.72 per cell (range, 0.39–4.96 copies/cell) in six oral rinse samples. The HPV16 E2 viral load was detected in four of the six HPV16-positive oral rinse samples. Two of the six HPV16-positive oral rinse samples showed HPV16 E2 copy numbers below the detection limit, indicating the full integration of HPV16 DNA. Conclusions: The number of patients in this study was small; therefore, further investigation using a larger number of participants is required to clarify the level of HPV16 viral copy number in the oral cavity of cancer patients.

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