scholarly journals Is Isocyanate Exposure and Occupational Asthma Still a Major Occupational Health Concern? Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13181
Author(s):  
Elie Coureau ◽  
Luc Fontana ◽  
Céline Lamouroux ◽  
Carole Pélissier ◽  
Barbara Charbotel
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Occupational Asthma ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies

Isocyanate, whose disease-inducing mechanism is poorly understood, with poor prognosis, is widely used. Asthma is the most frequent manifestation of prolonged exposure. We assessed the evolution of the incidence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma over time. PubMed and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for studies published since 1990 that assessed the relationship between occupational exposure to isocyanates and asthma. We identified 39 studies: five retrospective cohort studies, seven prospective cohort studies, three of which were inception cohorts), seven observational cross-sectional studies, five literature reviews, two case series, and 13 registry studies. The incidence of occupational asthma secondary to isocyanate exposure has decreased from more than 5% in the early 1990s to 0.9% in 2017 in the United States. Despite the wide use of optimal collective and individual protection measures, the risk of occupational asthma has stabilized. Occupational asthma risk can be assessed with good sensitivity using self-questionnaires and pulmonary function tests. Occupational avoidance should be implemented as soon as possible after the first symptoms appear because the prognosis becomes increasingly poor with the persistence of exposure. It is now necessary to study specifically cutaneous sensitization to isocyanates and to define what protective equipment is effective against this mode of exposure.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND PULMONARY FUNCTION STATUS OF RESTAURANT WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Jabbar Jabbar ◽  
Retneswari Masilamani ◽  
Lim Zhi Yik ◽  
Chen Pei Fei ◽  
Loh Xin Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cooking Fumes

The cooking process may emit toxic compounds and airway irritants from both the fuel combustion and cooking fumes which is harmful to the respiratory health among the restaurant workers. A cross-sectional study of 243 restaurant workers from the selected restaurants in Sungai Long, Malaysia was conducted. The standardized British Medical Research Council questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms (1986) was used during the interview to access the symptoms and the spirometry test was performed to evaluate the pulmonary functions of the participants. The data of socio-demography and occupational characteristics were also collected. The most complaint respiratory symptoms by the restaurant workers were breathlessness, which accounted for 33.7%, followed by wheezing (14%). The mean values of all pulmonary function tests (PFT) of the restaurant workers were within the normal range (>80%), except for the Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) (79.09%). The results of the bivariate statistical analysis, Chi-square, ANOVA and t-test, showed the determining factors of the respiratory health among the workers were workers’ age and gender in addition to the working duration and the ethnicity. The restaurant workers in Sungai Long were at risk of developing respiratory symptoms and lower pulmonary function values due to prolonged exposure to cooking fumes. Emphasis should be given to the safety and health of restaurant workers and health education should be provided to the restaurant workers and owners. Strategies to increase notification of such occurrences among these workers should be looked into by related agencies in the country.

scholarly journals Quality of Modern Total Ankle Arthroplasty Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0016
Author(s):  
Daniel Bohl ◽  
Emily Vafek ◽  
Simon Lee ◽  
Johnny Lin ◽  
George Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Ankle Arthroplasty ◽  
Ankle Arthritis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Ankle Arthroplasty ◽  
End Stage

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is gaining popularity as an alternative to ankle arthrodesis in the setting of end-stage ankle arthritis. However, compared to hip and knee arthroplasty, there is a relative dearth of evidence to support its use. This study assesses the quality of literature surrounding modern TAA designs. Methods: A search of all peer-reviewed, English-language journals was conducted to identify publications involving TAA. The initial search identified 444 articles published during 2006-2016. Of these, 182 were excluded because they were not clinical outcomes studies, 46 because the TAA implant was no longer available, and 15 because the primary outcome of the study was not related to TAA, leaving 201 articles for analysis. Results: No Level I studies were identified. Seventeen (8%) studies were Level II, 48 (24%) Level III, 128 (64%) Level IV, and 8 (4%) Level V. One hundred forty-three studies (71%) were retrospective in nature. Stratification by study design revealed 128 (64%) case series, 33 (16%) experimental cohort studies, 19 (10%) case-control studies, 13 (6%) observational cohort studies, and 8 (4%) case reports. The number of studies published each year steadily increased from 2006 to 2016. A total of 51% of TAA research was published in only two journals: Foot and Ankle International and the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Publications from the United States accounted for 36% of total publications. The most published implant was the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (Figure 1). Conclusion: While the number of TAA studies published each year has steadily increased since 2006, the quality of this research as measured by level of evidence remains suboptimal. This analysis highlights the need for continued improvement in methodology and development of robust prospective registries to advance our knowledge of TAA as a treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis.

Hundred psychiatric outpatients presented with attempted suicide

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sapkota ◽  
AK Pandey ◽  
PM Shyangwa ◽  
DR Shakya ◽  
DK Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Attempters

Introduction: Suicide is a major public health concern and it is one of the commonest Psychiatric emergencies. Suicide rates are increasing and have become a global concern with more than 600,000 suicidal attempts every year in the United States, alone. There is no national data available for Nepal. This hospital based study may help in understanding about the cause and methods of suicide attempts. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the (i) methods and precipitating cause for attempted suicide (ii) to study the relationship between major socio-demographic variables and attempted suicide. This study may be helpful in formulating suicide prevention strategies at different levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary level hospital. Consecutive 100 cases of attempted suicide coming in contact to an investigating team were evaluated for methods opted for attempting suicide and underlying cause was explored. Demographic variables were recorded and analysed. Results: Majority of the suicide attempters (67%) were less than 35 years of age, and female outnumbered male. Sixty one percent of the subject belonged to rural background. Out of 100 suicide attempters 40% of them have completed SLC and majority of them were students. Fifty-four percent of the sample consumed pesticides and 25% of the cases used highly lethal means. Majority of the persons (58%) had psychiatric co morbidities in which depression was the commonest. Interpersonal conflict accounted for 18% of the cases followed by marital problems (13%) as triggering factors of attempted suicide. Conclusion: Majority of the suicide attempters were young and having psychiatric disorders. Most of the attempters were from rural areas. Keywords: Attempted suicide; psychiatric co morbidities; Interpersonal conflict. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i3.5584   HR 2011; 9(3): 162-167

scholarly journals Migraine with aura is the predominant phenotype among acute post-traumatic headache in sports

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S28.3-S29
Author(s):  
Seifert Tad
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Headache Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Traumatic

IntroductionHeadache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI), a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million people in the United States reporting TBI in a single year. Regrettably, there is little evidence on the medical management of post-traumatic headache (PTH). Generally, treatment is approached as the primary headache disorder it most closely resembles in phenotype. In the lay public, the majority of PTHs exhibit migraine or probable migraine characteristics; however, PTH phenotypes within a sporting context have not been reported.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey evaluated the characteristics of headache in 102 student-athletes, ages 13–23 who had sustained sport-related concussion. Acute post-traumatic headache and sport-related concussion were defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders and the Concussion in Sport Group definitions, respectively. The sample included male and female athletes from a variety of sports, with differing degrees of contact exposure. The survey collected data on personal and family history of headache, as well as specific headache characteristics.ResultsThe study included 54 males and 48 females. Migraine with aura (45.4%) was the predominant phenotype is this cross sectional cohort of sport-related acute post-traumatic headache. This was followed by migraine without aura (22.7%), tension-type headache (21.8%), and other (10.1%).ConclusionsMigraine with aura is a common phenotype among sport-related acute PTH. Further studies should evaluate for potential differences in recovery trajectories when compared to other headache phenotypes.

scholarly journals SOCIOCULTURAL VARIABILITY IN SELF-REPORTED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG OLDER LATINOS IN THE UNITED STATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S584-S584
Author(s):  
Marc A Garcia ◽  
David F Warner ◽  
Catherine Garcia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monolithic Group

Abstract Cognitive impairment is a major public health concern in the United States. Research indicates cognitive impairment is higher for older U.S. Latinos than non-Latino whites, due in part to Latinos having longer life expectancy, lower educational attainment, and a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prior studies on cognition have largely examined “Latinos” as a monolithic group. However, Latinos are heterogeneous in composition with unique socio-cultural characteristics based on nativity and country of origin. Accordingly, we used data from the 1997-2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to document age-specific trends in in self-reported cognitive impairment among US-born Mexican, foreign-born Mexican, island-born Puerto Rican, foreign-born Cuban, and non-Latino white adults aged 60 and older. Given the repeated cross-sectional nature of these data, we estimated hierarchical age period–cohort (HAPC) cross-classified random-effects model (CCREM) to isolate age trends in self-reported cognitive impairment across Latino subgroups and non-Latino whites. Results indicate significant heterogeneity among Latino subgroups, with island-born Puerto Ricans exhibiting the highest rates of cognitive impairment and foreign-born Cubans the lowest. Conversely, US-born and foreign-born Mexicans exhibited rates in between these two. All Latino subgroups statistically differed from non-Latino whites. Socio-demographic controls account for approximately 33%-45% of the disparity, but fully account for foreign-born Cubans and non-Latino whites differences. These findings indicate the importance of considering nativity and country of origin when assessing cognitive outcomes among older Latinos. Understanding minority and immigrant differences in cognitive impairment has implications for the development and implementation of culture-appropriate programs to promote healthy brain aging.

scholarly journals Neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2021-326405
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Rogers ◽  
Cameron J Watson ◽  
James Badenoch ◽  
Benjamin Cross ◽  
Matthew Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

There is accumulating evidence of the neurological and neuropsychiatric features of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to describe the characteristics of the early literature and estimate point prevalences for neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL up to 18 July 2020 for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series. Studies reporting prevalences of neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms were synthesised into meta-analyses to estimate pooled prevalence. 13 292 records were screened by at least two authors to identify 215 included studies, of which there were 37 cohort studies, 15 case-control studies, 80 cross-sectional studies and 83 case series from 30 countries. 147 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The symptoms with the highest prevalence were anosmia (43.1% (95% CI 35.2% to 51.3%), n=15 975, 63 studies), weakness (40.0% (95% CI 27.9% to 53.5%), n=221, 3 studies), fatigue (37.8% (95% CI 31.6% to 44.4%), n=21 101, 67 studies), dysgeusia (37.2% (95% CI 29.8% to 45.3%), n=13 686, 52 studies), myalgia (25.1% (95% CI 19.8% to 31.3%), n=66 268, 76 studies), depression (23.0% (95% CI 11.8% to 40.2%), n=43 128, 10 studies), headache (20.7% (95% CI 16.1% to 26.1%), n=64 613, 84 studies), anxiety (15.9% (5.6% to 37.7%), n=42 566, 9 studies) and altered mental status (8.2% (95% CI 4.4% to 14.8%), n=49 326, 19 studies). Heterogeneity for most clinical manifestations was high. Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 in the pandemic’s early phase are varied and common. The neurological and psychiatric academic communities should develop systems to facilitate high-quality methodologies, including more rapid examination of the longitudinal course of neuropsychiatric complications of newly emerging diseases and their relationship to neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals More Than 100 Persistent Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (Long COVID): A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Hayes ◽  
Joanne Ingram ◽  
Nicholas F. Sculthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Prevalence

Background: Persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms are increasingly well-reported in cohort studies and case series. Given the spread of the pandemic, number of individuals suffering from persistent symptoms, termed ‘long COVID', are significant. However, type and prevalence of symptoms are not well reported using systematic literature reviews.Objectives: In this scoping review of the literature, we aggregated type and prevalence of symptoms in people with long COVID.Eligibility Criteria: Original investigations concerning the name and prevalence of symptoms were considered in participants ≥4-weeks post-infection.Sources of Evidence: Four electronic databases [Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)] were searched.Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Review selection and characterisation was performed by three independent reviewers using pretested forms.Results: Authors reviewed 2,711 titles and abstracts for inclusion with 152 selected for full-text review. 102 articles were subsequently removed as this did not meet inclusion criteria. Thus, fifty studies were analysed, 34 of which were described as cohort studies or prospective cohort studies, 14 were described as cross-sectional studies, one was described as a case control study, and one was described as a retrospective observational study. In total, >100 symptoms were identified and there was considerable heterogeneity in symptom prevalence and setting of study. Ten studies reported cardiovascular symptoms, four examined pulmonary symptoms, 25 reported respiratory symptoms, 24 reported pain-related symptoms, 21 reported fatigue, 16 reported general infection symptoms, 10 reported symptoms of psychological disorders, nine reported cognitive impairment, 31 reported a sensory impairment, seven reported a dermatological complaint, 11 reported a functional impairment, and 18 reported a symptom which did not fit into any of the above categories.Conclusion: Most studies report symptoms analogous to those apparent in acute COVID-19 infection (i.e., sensory impairment and respiratory symptoms). Yet, our data suggest a larger spectrum of symptoms, evidenced by >100 reported symptoms. Symptom prevalence varied significantly and was not explained by data collection approaches, study design or other methodological approaches, and may be related to unknown cohort-specific factors.

scholarly journals Research methodology topics: Cohort studies or prospective and retrospective cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Romeu Paulo Martins Silva ◽  
Dionatas Ulises De Oliveira Meneguetti
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Method ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Control Study

In health sciences, the epidemiological method can be divided into descriptive and analytical epidemiology and the latter being divided into observational (cross-sectional study, case-control study and cohort study) and experimental studies. Cohort studies may be retrospective or prospective, and both assume that the researcher will follow a population over time to seek a possible association between exposure (s) and outcome(s). These types of studies have as advantages the possibility of measuring several exposure factors and outcomes, both primary and secondary, for both relatively frequent outcomes and rare exposure factors. However, they are often long and therefore expensive studies. They have as main biases those of selection, memory and information. These are studies that may point to statistical associations between exposure and outcome that need other models to prove the casualty of these associations.

Efficacy of Capsaicin for the Treatment of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. McConachie ◽  
Ryan A. Caputo ◽  
Sheila M. Wilhelm ◽  
Pramodini B. Kale-Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

Objective: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by cyclic vomiting, abdominal pain, and alleviation of symptoms via hot showers in chronic cannabinoid users. Capsaicin is recommended as a reasonable first-line treatment approach for CHS despite limited clinical evidence regarding its use. The objective of this study is to systematically review the efficacy data for capsaicin in CHS. Data Sources: A literature search using keywords related to cannabinoids, emesis, and capsaicin was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE from inception through March 31, 2019. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies and published abstracts in which capsaicin was used for CHS and clinical outcomes were reported were eligible for inclusion. Data Synthesis: A total of 241 articles were screened, of which 5 full-text articles and 6 conference abstracts were included. Full-text case reports (n = 3) and case series (n = 2) found capsaicin to be effective in a total of 18 patients. Published abstracts were in the form of case reports (n = 1), case series (n = 3), and retrospective cohort studies (n = 2). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Capsaicin use was described as beneficial in all case series and case reports; however, both retrospective cohort studies were unable to find a significant benefit for capsaicin on primary outcomes (emergency department length of stay). Conclusion: Current data for capsaicin efficacy in CHS is of low methodological quality. However, the limited data on alternative antiemetic therapies and capsaicin’s favorable risk-benefit profile make it a reasonable adjunctive treatment option.

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