scholarly journals ANRIL: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications in Human Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Congrains ◽  
Kei Kamide ◽  
Mitsuru Ohishi ◽  
Hiromi Rakugi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms

scholarly journals An Update on the Effects of Glyceollins on Human Health: Possible Anticancer Effects and Underlying Mechanisms

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Ha Pham ◽  
Sylvain Lecomte ◽  
Theo Efstathiou ◽  
Francois Ferriere ◽  
Farzad Pakdel
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Lipid Kinase ◽  
New Family ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Function

Biologically active plant-based compounds, commonly referred to as phytochemicals, can influence the expression and function of various receptors and transcription factors or signaling pathways that play vital roles in cellular functions and are then involved in human health and diseases. Thus, phytochemicals may have a great potential to prevent and treat chronic diseases. Glyceollins, a group of phytoalexins that are isolated from soybeans, have attracted attention because they exert numerous effects on human functions and diseases, notably anticancer effects. In this review, we have presented an update on the effects of glyceollins in relation to their potential beneficial roles in human health. Despite a growing number of studies suggesting that this new family of phytochemicals can be involved in critical cellular pathways, such as estrogen receptor, protein kinase, and lipid kinase signaling pathways, future investigations will be needed to better understand their molecular mechanisms and their specific significance in biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Iron in Human Health and Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Ward ◽  
Suzanne M. Cloonan
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Mitochondrial Iron ◽  
Health And Disease

Mitochondria are an iconic distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria encompass an active organellar network that fuses, divides, and directs a myriad of vital biological functions, including energy metabolism, cell death regulation, and innate immune signaling in different tissues. Another crucial and often underappreciated function of these dynamic organelles is their central role in the metabolism of the most abundant and biologically versatile transition metals in mammalian cells, iron. In recent years, cellular and animal models of mitochondrial iron dysfunction have provided vital information in identifying new proteins that have elucidated the pathways involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and iron metabolism. Specific signatures of mitochondrial iron dysregulation that are associated with disease pathogenesis and/or progression are becoming increasingly important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial iron pathways will help better define the role of this important metal in mitochondrial function and in human health and disease.

scholarly journals Dietary Components, Microbial Metabolites and Human Health: Reading between the Lines

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Yao Guo ◽  
Xiaohan Bian ◽  
Jiali Liu ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Host Metabolism

Trillions of bacteria reside in the human gut and they metabolize dietary substances to obtain nutrients and energy while producing metabolites. Therefore, different dietary components could affect human health in various ways through microbial metabolism. Many such metabolites have been shown to affect human physiological activities, including short-chain fatty acids metabolized from carbohydrates; indole, kynurenic acid and para-cresol, metabolized from amino acids; conjugated linoleic acid and linoleic acid, metabolized from lipids. Here, we review the features of these metabolites and summarize the possible molecular mechanisms of their metabolisms by gut microbiota. We discuss the potential roles of these metabolites in health and diseases, and the interactions between host metabolism and the gut microbiota. We also show some of the major dietary patterns around the world and hope this review can provide insights into our eating habits and improve consumers’ health conditions.

Mitochondria as a Source of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: From Molecular Mechanisms to Human Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 2029-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago R. Figueira ◽  
Mario H. Barros ◽  
Anamaria A. Camargo ◽  
Roger F. Castilho ◽  
Julio C.B. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Species

scholarly journals Redox Regulation of T-Cell Function: From Molecular Mechanisms to Significance in Human Health and Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Kesarwani ◽  
Anuradha K. Murali ◽  
Amir A. Al-Khami ◽  
Shikhar Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
T Cell Function ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Potential Mechanisms of Bisphenol A (BPA) Contributing to Human Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Cimmino ◽  
Francesca Fiory ◽  
Giuseppe Perruolo ◽  
Claudia Miele ◽  
Francesco Beguinot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Thermal Paper

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound serving as a monomer to produce polycarbonate plastic, widely used in the packaging for food and drinks, medical devices, thermal paper, and dental materials. BPA can contaminate food, beverage, air, and soil. It accumulates in several human tissues and organs and is potentially harmful to human health through different molecular mechanisms. Due to its hormone-like properties, BPA may bind to estrogen receptors, thereby affecting both body weight and tumorigenesis. BPA may also affect metabolism and cancer progression, by interacting with GPR30, and may impair male reproductive function, by binding to androgen receptors. Several transcription factors, including PPARγ, C/EBP, Nrf2, HOX, and HAND2, are involved in BPA action on fat and liver homeostasis, the cardiovascular system, and cancer. Finally, epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histones modification, and changes in microRNAs expression contribute to BPA pathological effects. This review aims to provide an extensive and comprehensive analysis of the most recent evidence about the potential mechanisms by which BPA affects human health.

Breast Cancer With Relevance for Heavy Metals, Mycotoxines, and Pesticides

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-192
Author(s):  
Ait Sidi Brahim Malika ◽  
Kiai Hajar ◽  
Benidire Loubna ◽  
Omar El Hiba ◽  
Makbal Rachida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Copper Arsenic

Certain environmental contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins are presumed to play a crucial role in the etiology of breast cancer, which is the most common tumor in women worldwide. In fact, the exposure to heavy metals poses risk in causing human cancers. Several investigations indicated strong contribution of heavy metals especially copper, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, lead, and aluminum in breast cancer. Furthermore, it has been reported that the excessive use of pesticides in agriculture in order to improve the productivity contaminates food materials and can be responsible to induce breast cancer in women. It is also noted that some fungi produce several type of mycotoxins such us zearalenone, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin that are dangerous for human health and can especially cause breast cancer. Thus, the objective of this chapter is to discuss the experimental data regarding the involvement of heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins as well as the recent insights on the molecular mechanisms involved in the progress of breast cancer.

Mouse Liver Tumor Data: Assessment of Carcinogenic Activity

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Liver Tumor ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Selective Growth Advantage ◽  
Genotoxic Carcinogens

Significant numbers of chemicals have been shown to be carcinogenic in mouse liver although they do not exhibit carcinogenic activity in other organs or tissues of mice or rats. This review focuses on the reasons for the unique susceptibility of the mouse liver to these carcinogens and the extent to which the carcinogenic activity of a chemical in mouse liver can be used to predict carcinogenicity in humans. Many of these mouse liver carcinogens lack genotoxic activity and, as such, have been proposed to be tumor promoters. Two mechanisms that may explain the action of nongenotoxic carcinogens in mouse liver are reviewed. These are: (1) direct action on precursor cancer cells, either to accelerate their growth or to prevent their death and (2) the selective growth advantage, resulting from regenerative hyperplasia of precursor cancer cells in response to the necrosis of normal cells produced by hepatotoxins. Estimating human health risks on the basis of mouse liver tumor data is believed to differ for nongenotoxic and genotoxic carcinogens in two fundamental ways. The first involves intraspecies extrapolation and the second involves low-dose extrapolation. In conclusion, although mouse liver tumor data are seen to be of value in estimating human health hazard, it is important to distinguish between genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms in applying such data. Further study of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of chemical carcinogens is necessary to determine the relationship between their activity in mouse liver and their activity in humans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document