How the Human Resource Practices of Chinese MNEs in Africa Create Economic Growth and Livelihood Options

The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the economic development impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in developing countries. In particular, the relationship between MNEs' developmental effect on economic growth and poverty reduction and their use of human resource management (HRM) practices will be examined. The regional focus will be on Chinese MNEs in Africa. The paper is conceptual in nature by analyzing relevant key literatures, investigating cases of Chinese MNEs in Africa, and finally deriving a systematic conceptual framework.

Nobiletin-induced partial abrogation of deleterious effects of AKT inhibition on preimplantation bovine embryo development in vitro

During preimplantational embryo development, PI3K/AKT regulates cell proliferation and differentiation and nobiletin modulates this pathway to promote cell survival. Therefore, we aimed to establish whether, when the AKT cascade is inhibited using inhibitors III and IV, nobiletin supplementation to in vitro culture media during the minor (2 to 8-cell stage, MNEGA) or major (8 to 16-cell stage, MJEGA) phases of EGA is able to modulate the development and quality of bovine embryos. In vitro zygotes were cultured during MNEGA or MJEGA phase in SOF + 5% FCS or supplemented with: 15 μM AKT-InhIII; 10 μM AKT-InhIV; 10 μM nobiletin; nobiletin+AKT-InhIII; nobiletin+AKT-InhIV; 0.03% DMSO. Embryo development was lower in treatments with AKT inhibitors, while combination of nobiletin with AKT inhibitors was able to recover their adverse developmental effect and also increase blastocyst cell number. The mRNA abundance of GPX1, NFE2L2, and POU5F1 was partially increased in 8- and 16-cell embryos from nobiletin with AKT inhibitors. Besides, nobiletin increased the p-rpS6 level whether or not AKT inhibitors were present. In conclusion, nobiletin promotes bovine embryo development and quality and partially recovers the adverse developmental effect of AKT inhibitors which infers that nobiletin probably uses another signalling cascade that PI3K/AKT during early embryo development in bovine.

Market Privilege: The Place of Neoliberalism in American Political Development

Since the 1970s, the neoliberal worldview has become reflected increasingly in the policy ideas and institutional innovations advanced by both major parties in the United States. This is most obvious in the realm of economic and social policy, but especially evident at the subnational level, particularly in the city. I argue that neoliberalism, as an ideology, a set of policy prescriptions, and institutional designs, is conceptually distinct from liberalism, especially in its “New Deal” form, social democracy, and from conservatism. Moreover, it is having a developmental effect—neoliberal ideas and institutions have proved durable. This article argues that an urban lens most strikingly reveals the presence of a neoliberal political order that has also made its mark on national political institutions, particularly in the American political economy.

Maternal pesticide exposure and child neuro-development among smallholder tomato farmers in the southern corridor of Tanzania

Background Exposure to pesticides with its associated effects prenatally and in early childhood has not received much attention. There is little scientific data on this aspect in Tanzania therefore this study was meant to contribute to the deficit in the subject. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted to a sample of 286 participants of mother to child pair, whereby 172 and 114 were exposed and non-exposed respectively. Mothers who had been working in tomato sprayed farms were exposed and mothers who had not been working in the tomato sprayed farms were un-exposed. Child aged 0–6 years was chosen from each mother sampled but only one child found to be the youngest with the classified age was enrolled. Malawi child development Tool (M-DAT) was employed to assess the child level of development, height, and weight of the children were collected and analyzed by the WHO anthropometric calculator. A checklist and questionnaire were used to observe and assess maternal exposure. Bivariate and Multivariate analysis were conducted to assess the relationship between various factors of exposure. Results Overall 15% of the children examined were not well developed and the most used pesticides were those posing neuro-development effects. On the bivariate analysis model, mothers who worked while pregnant were more likely to have a child with neuro-developmental effect OR=5.8(1.29–26.3). On multivariate analyses adjusted for age of the mother, variables which remain in the model were a distance from home [AOR=9.4(4.2–20.5)], and working while pregnancy [AOR=5.8(1.29–26.3)] other were removed due to collinearity effect. None of confounders had a potential significant effect but only nutrition seems to be the effect modifier [AOR=7.8(1.29–36.3)] when analyzed with working while pregnancy. Conclusions The findings from this study have indicated that maternal pesticide exposure among farmworker residents in the SAGCOT area has a potential association with child developmental effect.

Binary Science Classes as an Integration Form of Training Future Officers

The article explains the role of binary classes as a form of integration knowledge in the process of studying science while training future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine. It has been established that the main advantage of binary classes is that professional knowledge of future specialists is formed in a complex, while studying disciplines in a segmentary way does not give an idea of an integral phenomenon, splitting it into fragments. The form of conducting a binary lesson is exciting and non-standard. The use of different types of activities in the classroom enables the participants of educational process to keep attention, which confirms a developmental effect of learning. Binary classes increase the potential of participants in educational process, lead to defining and understanding cause-and-effect relationships, developing logic, thinking, and communication skills. Binary classes provide an opportunity for creative self-realization for both lecturers and military students as well as contribute to forming professional competencies of military students. It is noted that combining all disciplines results in losing their uniqueness. Therefore, binary classes must be organized from time to time so that military students get an understanding of the relationship between disciplines and the fact that knowledge acquired at one discipline facilitates understanding of the processes that are studied at other disciplines.

Game with Rules as a Means of Psychological and Pedagogical Support for the Social and Communicative Development of Older Preschoolers

The article reveals the features of psychological and pedagogical support of social and communicative development of children of senior preschool age. Based on the data of an empirical study, the article presents the organization of work on the social and communicative development of older preschoolers, which is centered on the game activity and, first of all, the game with rules. The role of the kindergarten educational psychologist in the systematic organization of such work is revealed. It is shown that the developmental effect of this work structure is associated with the prevention of psychological difficulties that may arise in children during their transition to a primary school.