scholarly journals Two Different Strategies to Enhance Osseointegration in Porous Titanium: Inorganic Thermo-Chemical Treatment Versus Organic Coating by Peptide Adsorption

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ortiz-Hernandez ◽  
Katrin Rappe ◽  
Meritxell Molmeneu ◽  
Carles Mas-Moruno ◽  
Jordi Guillem-Marti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Interconnected Porosity ◽  
Peptide Adsorption

In this study, highly-interconnected porous titanium implants were produced by powder sintering with different porous diameters and open interconnectivity. The actual foams were produced using high cost technologies: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), and spark plasma sintering, and the porosity and/or interconnection was not optimized. The aim was to generate a bioactive surface on foams using two different strategies, based on inorganic thermo-chemical treatment and organic coating by peptide adsorption, to enhance osseointegration. Porosity was produced using NaCl as a space holder and polyethyleneglicol as a binder phase. Static and fatigue tests were performed in order to determine mechanical behaviors. Surface bioactivation was performed using a thermo-chemical treatment or by chemical adsorption with peptides. Osteoblast-like cells were cultured and cytotoxicity was measured. Bioactivated scaffolds and a control were implanted in the tibiae of rabbits. Histomorphometric evaluation was performed at 4 weeks after implantation. Interconnected porosity was 53% with an average diameter of 210 µm and an elastic modulus of around 1 GPa with good mechanical properties. The samples presented cell survival values close to 100% of viability. Newly formed bone was observed inside macropores, through interconnected porosity, and on the implant surface. Successful bone colonization of inner structure (40%) suggested good osteoconductive capability of the implant. Bioactivated foams showed better results than non-treated ones, suggesting both bioactivation strategies induce osteointegration capability.

scholarly journals Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulated by Surface Manganese Chemistry in SLA Titanium Implants

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jin-Woo Park ◽  
Yusuke Tsutsumi ◽  
Eui-Kyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Wet Chemical

The manganese (Mn) ion has recently been probed as a potential candidate element for the surface chemistry modification of titanium (Ti) implants in order to develop a more osteogenic surface with the expectation of taking advantage of its strong binding affinity to the integrins on bone-forming cells. However, the exact mechanism of how Mn enhances osteogenesis when introduced into the surface of Ti implants is not clearly understood. This study investigated the corrosion resistance and potential osteogenic capacity of a Mn-incorporated Ti surface as determined by electrochemical measurement and examining the behaviors of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a clinically available sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) oral implant surface intended for future biomedical applications. The surface that resulted from wet chemical treatment exhibited the formation of a Mn-containing nanostructured TiO2 anatase thin film in the SLA implant and improved corrosion resistance. The Mn-incorporated SLA surface displayed sustained Mn ion release and enhanced osteogenesis-related MSC function, which enhanced early cellular events such as spreading, focal adhesion, and mRNA expression of critical adhesion-related genes and promoted full human MSC differentiation into mature osteoblasts. Our findings indicate that surface Mn modification by wet chemical treatment is an effective approach to produce a Ti implant surface with increased osteogenic capacity through the promotion of the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The improved corrosion resistance of the resultant surface is yet another important benefit of being able to provide favorable osseointegration interface stability with an increased barrier effect.

scholarly journals Deposition Methods for Microstructured and Nanostructured Coatings on Metallic Bone Implants: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailey Moore ◽  
Ebrahim Asadi ◽  
Gladius Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Spray ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bone Implants ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Deposition Processes

A review of current deposition processes is presented as they relate to osseointegration of metallic bone implants. The objective is to present a comprehensive review of different deposition processes used to apply microstructured and nanostructured osteoconductive coatings on metallic bone implants. Implant surface topography required for optimal osseointegration is presented. Five of the most widely used osteoconductive coating deposition processes are reviewed in terms of their microstructure and nanostructure, usable thickness, and cost, all of which are summarized in tables and charts. Plasma spray techniques offer cost-effective coatings but exhibit deficiencies with regard to osseointegration such as high-density, amorphous coatings. Electrodeposition and aerosol deposition techniques facilitate the development of a controlled-microstructure coating at a similar cost. Nanoscale physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition offer an alternative approach by allowing the coating of a highly structured surface without significantly affecting the microstructure. Various biomedical studies on each deposition process are reviewed along with applicable results. Suggested directions for future research include further optimization of the process-microstructure relation, crystalline plasma spray coatings, and the deposition of discrete coatings by additive manufacturing.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Porous Titanium Discs Using Femtosecond Laser Structuring

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Rodríguez ◽  
Paloma Trueba ◽  
José Manuel Amado ◽  
María José Tobar ◽  
Mercè Giner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Bone Ingrowth ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Implant Surface

The failure of titanium implants is associated with two main problems that include the bone resorption and fracture of the surrounding bone tissue (stiffness incompatibility) and implant loosening (poor osseointegration). The development of porous titanium implants with low Young modulus solve the stress shielding phenomenon, while the modification of the implant surface must be implemented to promote a fast bond between the implant and bone. In this work, femtosecond laser micromachining was applied to modify the topography of the surface of Ti porous samples obtained by a space-holder technique to obtain hierarchical structures (micro and nano roughness patterns) to enhance osseointegration. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, and image analysis were used for characterization of the surface morphology, roughness, and porosity before and after performing the laser treatment. Based on these results, the effect of the treatment on the mechanical behavior of the samples was estimated. In addition, a preliminary in-vitro test was performed to verify the adhesion of osteoblasts (filopodia presence) on modified titanium surface. Results revealed that laser texturing generated clusters of micro-holes and micro-columns both on the flat surface of the samples and inside the macro-pores, and periodic nanometric structures across the entire surface. The porous substrate offers suitable biomechanics (stiffness and yield strength) and bio-functional behavior (bone ingrowth and osseointegration), which improves the clinic success of titanium implants.

TEM characterization of WSix films

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 848-849
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
S. M. Merchant ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
A. K. Nanda ◽  
M. Sundahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Rapid Thermal Anneal ◽  
Tungsten Silicide ◽  
Tem Characterization ◽  
Metal Silicides

Metal silicides such as WSi2, MoSi2, TiSi2, TaSi2 and CoSi2 have received wide attention in recent years for semiconductor applications in integrated circuits. In this study, we describe the microstructures of WSix films deposited on SiO2 (oxide) and polysilicon (poly) surfaces on Si wafers afterdeposition and rapid thermal anneal (RTA) at several temperatures. The stoichiometry of WSix films was confirmed by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS). A correlation between the observed microstructure and measured sheet resistance of the films was also obtained.WSix films were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) using magnetron sputteringin a Varian 3180. A high purity tungsten silicide target with a Si:W ratio of 2.85 was used. Films deposited on oxide or poly substrates gave rise to a Si:W ratio of 2.65 as observed by RBS. To simulatethe thermal treatments of subsequent processing procedures, wafers with tungsten silicide films were subjected to RTA (AG Associates Heatpulse 4108) in a N2 ambient for 60 seconds at temperatures ranging from 700° to 1000°C.

scholarly journals Macrophagic Inflammatory Response Next to Dental Implants with Different Macro- and Micro-Structure: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5324
Author(s):  
Maria Menini ◽  
Francesca Delucchi ◽  
Domenico Baldi ◽  
Francesco Pera ◽  
Francesco Bagnasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different commercially available dental implants. (2) Methods: one zirconia implant NobelPearl® (Nobel Biocare) and four titanium implants, Syra® (Sweden & Martina), Prama® (Sweden & Martina), 3iT3® (Biomet 3i) and Shard® (Mech & Human), were evaluated. After 4 h of contact of murine macrophage cells J774a.1 with the implants, the total RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and the gene expression of the macrophages was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in relation to the following genes: GAPDH, YWHAZ, IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NOS2, MMP-9, MMP-8 and TIMP3. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with negative controls. (3) Results: No implant triggered a significant inflammatory response in macrophages, although 3iT3 exhibited a slight pro-inflammatory effect compared to other samples. (4) Conclusions: All the samples showed optimal outcomes without any inflammatory stimulus on the examined macrophagic cells.

scholarly journals Noble Metals for Modern Implant Materials: MOCVD of Film Structures and Cytotoxical, Antibacterial, and Histological Studies

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Svetlana I. Dorovskikh ◽  
Evgeniia S. Vikulova ◽  
Elena V. Chepeleva ◽  
Maria B. Vasilieva ◽  
Dmitriy A. Nasimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Histological Studies

This work is aimed at developing the modification of the surface of medical implants with film materials based on noble metals in order to improve their biological characteristics. Gas-phase transportation methods were proposed to obtain such materials. To determine the effect of the material of the bottom layer of heterometallic structures, Ir, Pt, and PtIr coatings with a thickness of 1.4–1.5 μm were deposited by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on Ti6Al4V alloy discs. Two types of antibacterial components, namely, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and discontinuous Ag coatings, were deposited on the surface of these coatings. AuNPs (11–14 nm) were deposited by a pulsed MOCVD method, while Ag films (35–40 nm in thickness) were obtained by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The cytotoxic (24 h and 48 h, toward peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) and antibacterial (24 h) properties of monophase (Ag, Ir, Pt, and PtIr) and heterophase (Ag/Pt, Ag/Ir, Ag/PtIr, Au/Pt, Au/Ir, and Au/PtIr) film materials deposited on Ti-alloy samples were studied in vitro and compared with those of uncoated Ti-alloy samples. Studies of the cytokine production by PBMCs in response to incubation of the samples for 24 and 48 h and histological studies at 1 and 3 months after subcutaneous implantation in rats were also performed. Despite the comparable thickness of the fibrous capsule after 3 months, a faster completion of the active phase of encapsulation was observed for the coated implants compared to the Ti alloy analogs. For the Ag-containing samples, growth inhibition of S. epidermidis, S. aureus, Str. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, and Ent. faecium was observed.

Calcium Phosphate-Coated Titanium Implants in the Mandible: Limitations of the in vivo Minipig Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Till Kämmerer ◽  
Tony Lesmeister ◽  
Victor Palarie ◽  
Eik Schiegnitz ◽  
Andrea Schröter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Press Fit ◽  
Endosseous Implant ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact

Introduction: We aimed to compare implant osseointegration with calcium phosphate (CaP) surfaces and rough subtractive-treated sandblasted/acid etched surfaces (SA) in an in vivo minipig mandible model. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 cylindrical press-fit implants with two different surfaces (CaP, n = 18; SA, n = 18) were inserted bilaterally into the mandible of 9 adult female minipigs. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, we analyzed the cortical bone-to-implant contact (cBIC; %) and area coverage of bone-to-implant contact within representative bone chambers (aBIC; %). Results: After 2 weeks, CaP implants showed no significant increase in cBIC and aBIC compared to SA (cBIC: mean 38 ± 5 vs. 16 ± 11%; aBIC: mean 21 ± 1 vs. 6 ± 9%). Two CaP implants failed to achieve osseointegration. After 4 weeks, no statistical difference between CaP and SA was seen for cBIC (mean 54 ± 15 vs. 43 ± 16%) and aBIC (mean 43 ± 28 vs. 32 ± 6). However, we excluded two implants in each group due to failure of osseointegration. After 8 weeks, we observed no significant intergroup differences (cBIC: 18 ± 9 vs. 18 ± 20%; aBIC: 13 ± 8 vs. 16 ± 9%). Again, three CaP implants and two SA implants had to be excluded due to failure of osseointegration. Conclusion: Due to multiple implant losses, we cannot recommend the oral mandibular minipig in vivo model for future endosseous implant research. Considering the higher rate of osseointegration failure, CaP coatings may provide an alternative to common subtractive implant surface modifications in the early phase post-insertion.

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