Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Sows and Their Relationship with Apparent Nutrient Digestibility

The gut microbiota plays important roles in animal health and nutrient digestibility. The characteristics of gut microbiota population in grower pigs and their correlation with apparent nutrient digestibility were assessed in previous study. Here we studied characteristics of intestinal microbiota of sows and analyzed their relationships with apparent nutrient (ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF)) digestibility. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla, approximately 73% of the total sequences. Treponema, Oscillibacter and Lactobacillus were the most dominant generas, more than 49% of the total sequences. The microbiota of sows clustered separately from the microbiota of grower pigs at the age of D28 D60, D90 and D150. The abundance of Clostridium and Turicibacter was positively correlated with apparent EE digestibility. The abundance of Anaerofustis and Robinsoniella in sow fecal samples was positively correlated with apparent CF digestibility. The abundance of Collinsella and Sutterella was positively correlated with apparent NDF digestibility. The abundance of Clostridium, Collinsella, Robinsoniella and Turicibacter was positively correlated with apparent ADF digestibility. Sows have their unique gut microbial structure compared with grower pigs and some of them participate in the digestive process of different nutrients.

Download Full-text

Effects of including scrapes of residual dehydrated cassava in sheep feeding on intake and nutrient digestibility

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4supl1p2407 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2407

Author(s):

Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽

Fabiana Gomes da Costa ◽

Lucas Da Silva Roberto ◽

Ana Paula da Silva ◽

Kallynka Samara Martins Coelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Significance Level ◽

Total Carbohydrates

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of scrapes residual dehydrated cassava (SRDC) in sheep feed on the intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients. We used four sheep with body weight (BW) of 26.0 kg, distributed in a Latin square design. The sheep were placed in metabolism cages and received two meals a day. The variables studied were subjected to analysis of variance and differences were tested using regression analysis at the 5% significance level. We determined that the inclusion of different concentrations of SRDC in sheep feeding did not modify (p > 0.05) the intake of intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), or total carbohydrates (TC) expressed in g animal-1 day-1, g kg0.75-1 and %BW). On average 2.83%, 2.58%, 0.34%, 0.07%, 1.62%, 0.91%, and 2.24% of the BW were obtained for intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and TC, respectively. However, the four experimental diets negatively affected the NFC intake and %BW (p < 0.05). Different concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of SRDC in sheep diets did not influence (p > 0.05) the digestibility coefficient of most of the variables measured (DM, OM CP, EE, NDF, ADF, TCH, NFC, with average values of 67.79%, 67.61%, 53.87%, 81.42%, 55.61%, 39.07%, 70.95%, and 91.48%, respectively. Thus, we conclude that the inclusion of up to 30% of SRDC in sheep diets would not affect intake or nutrient digestibility

Download Full-text

Production and quality of tropical grasses at different regrowth intervals in the Brazilian semiarid

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.52842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e52842

Author(s):

Genildo Fonseca Pereira ◽

João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto ◽

Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽

Liz Carolina da Silva Lagos Cortes Assis ◽

Patrícia de Oliveira Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Forage Species ◽

Crude Protein Level

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and chemical composition of three forage species at different regrowth intervals. A 3 x 4 randomized-block factorial design with three forage species (Andropogon, Buffel, and Massai) and four regrowth intervals (21, 35, 49, and 63 days) was used. There was no interaction (p > 0.05) between forage species and regrowth interval on any of the chemical components evaluated. The crude protein content decreased but the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and hemicellulose increased with increasing regrowth interval (p > 0.05). Only the contents of crude protein and ether extract were similar (p > 0.05) among grasses. A significant interaction was observed (p < 0.05) between forage species and regrowth interval on forage mass. Andropogon grass had the highest forage mass at 63 days (3,270.1 kg ha-1 DM cut-1) and the highest productivity regardless of the regrowth interval (19.1 t ha-1 DM year-1). Therefore, Andropogon grass was the most productive forage among the tested species. Pastures should be managed with shorter growth intervals due to the highest crude protein level and the lowest contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber.

Download Full-text

Selecting squash (Cucurbita sp.) introductions by seed nutritional quality and seed meal

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas ◽

10.17584/rcch.2019v13i2.10244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 259-268

Author(s):

Sanín Ortiz-Grisales ◽

Magda-Piedad Valdés-Restrepo

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Cucurbita Moschata ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Feed Value ◽

Whole Seed

Squash (Cucurbita sp.) is widely used in Colombia as both food and animal feed. However, its seeds are discarded. This study aimed to identify squash genotypes with a high nutritional value in the whole seed meal (WSM) and defatted seed meal (DSM) within a group of 19 introductions (14 of Cucurbita moschata and 5 of C. sororia). For WSM, 70% of the introductions presented above-average values for extract (36.9%) and crude protein (26.34%); the fiber values were 20.34% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 13% acid detergent fiber (ADF). For DSM, 57% of the introductions presented above-average crude protein (43.5%) and 52% above-average crude energy values (4078 cal g-1). Based on the relative feed value (RFV), introductions 1229, 1200, 1201, 1219 and 1206 were selected for WSM, and 1206 1229, 932, 1200, 786 and 954 were selected for DSM. In the selected C. moschata introductions, parents with general and specific combining abilities for ether extract and crude protein in WSM or high RFV in DSM should be identified. C. soraria introductions 1202 and 954 should be used in crosses that aim to obtain F2 segregants for seeds with a high oil content and high RFV in DSM.

Download Full-text

In vitro and in vivo nutrient digestibility in sheep of rations with and without residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6supl2p4507 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 4507

Author(s):

Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽

Fabiana Gomes da Costa ◽

Silvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽

Jocilaine Garcia ◽

Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Ruminal Fluid ◽

Ph Values

This study evaluated the digestibility of nutrients by, and parameters associated with, in vitro fermentation using different inocula (sheep ruminal fluid and feces) as well as the in vivo digestibility in sheep that were fed rations with 50% concentrate containing either no (0%) residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP) or 15% RETP. To determine the in vitro digestibility (IVD) of nutrients, two sheep, weighing 40.38 ± 2.10 kg, were used as inoculum donors. To determine the in vivo digestibility of nutrients, we used four sheep and a 3×2 factorial experimental design, with three methods of digestion of nutrients and two experimental rations (0% and 15% RETP). The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the variables that showed differences at 5% probability were further analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% significance. The IVD using different inocula did not significantly differ (p>0.05) from the in vivo digestibility in sheep for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The different methods for determining nutrient digestibility did not affect (p>0.05) the digestibility of DM, OM, crude protein (CP), NDF, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in rations with 0% and 15% RETP. However, the IVD of CP for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP incubated with both inocula was lower (p<0.05) than the CP digestibility in vivo. The in vivo digestibility of ADF for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP was higher (P<0.05) than the IVD using sheep ruminal fluid and feces as inocula. The pH values and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) after in vitro incubation for 24 h and the in vivo assay were not different (p>0.05) for the rations containing 0% and 15% RETP, but the pH and NH3-N of both fermented and rumen contents differed (p<0.05) depending on the inocula used and the in vivo assay. In summary, the digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF can be determined by the in vitro fermentation method using the ruminal fluid or feces of sheep as inocula in rations containing 0% or 15% RETP. However, in vitro fermentation is not a suitable method for the determination of pH and NH3-N concentration.

Download Full-text

Fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of sugarcane silage added with two types of urea

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias ◽

10.17533/udea.rccp.v33n3a02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 182-194

Author(s):

Wagner Sousa-Alves ◽

João-Paulo S Rigueira ◽

Marielly M Almeida-Moura ◽

Diego L S De-Jesus ◽

Flávio P Monção ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Yeast Growth ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Concentration Levels

Background: Dry matter (DM) loss is high in sugarcane silage due to its high content of soluble carbohydrates which favors yeast growth and ethanol production, thus reducing the nutritional value of the preserved forage. Objective: To determine the effect of adding two types of urea at two concentration levels to sugarcane silage on the nutritional value and fermentative characteristics of the silage. Methods: A completely randomized 2×2+1 factorial design was used, based on two types of urea (conventional and protected), two urea concentration (0.5 and 1.0% of the natural matter), and a control (sugarcane silage with no additives). Six replicates were used. The mixture was placed in PVC silos and opened after 60 days. Results: There was no difference in DM content or effluent losses by the addition of urea. In regards to neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin, decreased levels were observed compared to the control, regardless of urea type. Urea type and concentration had an effect on ammoniacal nitrogen content, with higher values for conventional urea, but not affecting the pH. The addition of urea to sugarcane silage reduced gas losses and raised the levels of crude protein, ether extract, and effective degradability. Conclusion: Adding protected or conventional urea at 1% of natural matter at the time of sugarcane ensiling reduces gas losses and improves nutritional composition of the silage.

Download Full-text

Voluntary Intake, Chemical Composition, and Nutrient Digestibility of Pangolagrass and Stargrass Hays

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v62i4.10350 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 389-398

Author(s):

R. Gutiérrez-Vargas ◽

J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽

A. Ramírez-Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Digitaria Decumbens ◽

Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽

The Difference

Pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) and stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) harvested at 30, 45, and 60 days and made in to hay, were fed to four castrated male ruminants (goats and steers) in individual digestion stalls. The grasses were fertilized at the rate of 4,480 kg/ha/yr with 15-5-10, harvested, sun-dried for 2 days and cut in 3- to 6-cm pieces. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, divided into a 14-day preliminary feed ing period and a 7-day collection period. Each hay was offered at a level of 90% intake, as determined in the preliminary period. Hays, offered and refused, and feces were weighed and sampled daily. Representative samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, neutral-detergent fiber, acid-detergent fiber, cellulose, lignin, and silica. Hemicellulose was determined as the difference between neutral-detergent fiber and acid-detergent fiber. Apparent digestion coefficients for each fraction were calculated on all hays and all ruminants. Pangolagrass dry-matter intake was significantly (P < .01) greater than that of stargrass hay by both goats and steers. No significant differences in dry-matter intake were obtained between hay ages of 30, 45, and 60 days. Goats had a higher dry-matter intake (P < .01) than steers. Significant differences were obtained between hays in neutral-detergent fiber (P < .01), hemicellulose (P < .01), and cellulose (P < .05) contents and between hay ages in crude protein (P < .05), cellulose (P < .01), lignin (P < .05), and silica (P < .01) contents. For digestibilities, significant differences were obtained between hays in dry matter (P < .05), neutral-detergent fiber (P < 05), and cellulose (P < .01); between hay ages in lignin (P < .01) and silica (P < .01); and between ruminants in dry matter (P < .01), neutral-detergent fiber (P < .01), acid-detergent fiber (P < .01), hemicellulose (P < .01), and cellulose (P < .01). Goats may not necessarily substitute for steers in digestion trials; and lignin, but not silica, tends to be a valid marker for determining digestibility.

Download Full-text

KECERNAAN IN SACCO HIJAUAN LEGUMINOSA DAN HIJAUAN NON- LEGUMINOSA DALAM RUMEN SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v35i2.594 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rendi Fathoni Hadi ◽

Kustantinah (Kustantinah) ◽

Hari Hartadi

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Forage Legume ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

In Sacco

This study was aimed to explore the optimum potential of forage and the degradation rate the rumen of nutrient of forage (legume and non legume) derived different forage fodder used farmers. Seven forages i.e. Gliricidia (GL), Manilkara (SW), Sesbania (TP), Ficus (BR), Calothyrsus (KL), Jackfruit (NG), and Cacao leaves (CO), were used in this experiment. Samples were incubated in the rumen of fistulated cattle with different time intervals, namely 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, and 48 hours. The collected data were the nutrient digestibility residues in rumen, including dried matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). From the calculation of in sacco rumen, it was obtained the degradation theory (DT) values of DM : GL 60.06%; SW 34.78%; TP 73.96%; BR 41.40%; KL 43.80%; NG 43.67%; and CO 28.67%. From in sacco rumen calculation, it was obtained the DT values of OM : GL 59.13%; SW 32.74%; TP 73.07%; BR 42.83%; KL 44.18%; NG 45.04%; and CO 26.80%. Calculation of in sacco rumen showed the DT values of CP : GL 66.14%; SW 32.49%; TP 81.46%; BR 42.89%; KL 31.84%; NG 47.05%; and CO 29.46%. The calculation of in sacco rumen, it was obtained the DT values of NDF: GL 46.84%; SW 46.59%; TP 56.69%; BR 44.18%; KL 23.01%; NG 30.07%; and CO 55.43%. From the calculation of in sacco rumen, it was obtained the DT values of ADF: GL 61.27%; SW 43.95%; TP 56.53%; BR 40.11%; KL 21.08%; NG 44.66%; and CO 69.15%. There were significant differences (P<0.05) on the degradation of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF. It is concluded that not all of legume has higher DT values of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF fraction than non-legume. There is a tendency that the longer retention time in the rumen, the higher degradation rate.(Keywords: Legume, Non-legume, In sacco rumen)

Download Full-text

Supplementary effect of concentrate feed on the performance and nutrient digestibility of Cane-Rats (Thryonomys Swinderianus) fed a basal diet of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpurеuт)

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v36i1.1194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 153-160

Author(s):

A. A. Taiwo ◽

A. J. Fayenuwo ◽

A. K. Omole ◽

E. A. Adebowale ◽

J. B. Fapohunda

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Growth Study ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Body Weights ◽

Concentrate Treatment ◽

Average Body

A study was conducted to the determine the effects of concentrate supplimentation on performance and nutrient digestibility in cane-rats/grasscutters. There were initiall three treatments: 0%, 10% and 20% concentrate supplementation onas fed basis to a basal elephant grass diet. Fifteen weaned cane-rats with average body weights of 1150g(士365.40) were randomly assigned to the three treatments based on weight and sex. The growth study was conducted for eight weeks. A nutrient digestibility study was also conducted using three grasscutters per treatment. The cane-rats fes 20% supplementary concentrate gained more weight than those offered 10% concentrate feed. Crude protein was better (p<0.05) digested by cane-rats on 20% concentrate feed whereas, ash and ether extract digestibility were better on 10% concentrate feed. The 0% concentrate treatment was terminated because three of the cane-rats(68% mortality) died within three weeks of the study. It is recomendedfrom this study that cane-rats fed a basal grass diet should be supplemented with 20% concentrate on as fed basis

Download Full-text

Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542014000500009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 497-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adriana de Souza Martins ◽

Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽

Marili Lopes Lederer ◽

José Luís Moletta ◽

Shivelly Los Galetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Cycle ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Ph Values ◽

Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

Download Full-text

Nutritional Characterization of Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) for Feeding to Ruminants

ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. ◽

10.18502/espoch.v1i5.9570 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

F. Almeida López ◽

P. Toalombo Vargas ◽

S. Jiménez Yánez ◽

M. Chávez Haro

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Central Zone ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Region Data

This study aimed to analyze the nutritional characteristics of Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) hay for the feeding of ruminants in the central zone of the Sierra Region. The study was conducted in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Pecaurias Sciences of the Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo. Cutting was carried out for 60 days in different areas of the central Sierra region. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results of the bromatological analysis showed that the average total humidity was 11.12 ± 0.20% in (Rp-00542) while the minimum was 7.79 ± 0.05% in (Rp-00224). Values for dry matter ranged between 91.25 ± 0.03% (Rp336) and 88.53 ± 0.09% (Rp492); dry base ash ranged between 12.51 ± 0.08% (Rp500) and 9.16 ± 0.08% (Rp521); dry organic matter ranged between 90.84 ± 0.13% (Rp521) and 87.49 ± 0.08% (Rp521); and dry crude protein ranged between 22.44 ± 0.26% (Rp492) and 18.73 ± 0.08% (Rp336). The following values were also obtained: 1.94 ± 0.93% dry ethereal extract; 32.06 ± 2.11% dry nitrogen free extract; 46.96 ± 3.78% dry neutral detergent fiber; 40.67 ± 3.36% dry acid detergent fiber; and 8.23 ± 0.64% dry lignin detergent acid. Therefore, it can be determined that forage mixture provides all of the nutrients to the species of zootechnical interest. Keywords: Medicago sativa, alfalfa, sierra centro, rumiants. RESUMEN En el Laboratorio de la Facultad de Ciencias Pecaurias de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, se realizó la Caracterización Nutricional de henos de Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) para la alimentación de Rumiantes en la zona centro de la Región Sierra; Mediante estadística descriptiva se obtuvo los siguientes resultados del análisis bromatológico a los 60 días de corte en las diferentes zonas de la región Sierra - Centro, se puede observar que el mayor promedio de la humedad total fue 11,12 ± 0,20% en (Rp-00542) mientras que el menos fue 7,79 ± 0,05% en (Rp-00224); para Materia Seca-Total los valores se obtuvieron entre 91,25 ± 0,03% (Rp336) y 88,53 ± 0,09% (Rp492); Cenizas base seca 12,51 ± 0,08% (Rp500) y 9,16 ± 0,08% (Rp521); el mayor valor para % Materia Orgánica Base seca fue de 90,84 ± 0,13% (Rp521) y el menor con 87,49 ± 0,08% (Rp521); para % Proteína cruda base seca la mejor respuesta fue 22,44 ± 0,26 (Rp492) % y el menor 18,73 ± 0,08 (Rp336), Fibra cruda base seca; 1,94 ± 0,93% Extracto etéreo base seca; 32,06 ± 2,11% Extracto Libre de Nitrógeno base seca; 46,96 ± 3,78% Fibra Detergente Neutro base seca; 40,67 ± 3,36% Fibra Detergente Acida base seca; 8,23 ± 0,64% Lignina Detergente Acida base seca. Por lo que se puede determinar que la mezcla forrajera aporta todos los nutrientes a todas las especies de interés zootécnico. Palabras clave: Medicago sativa, alfalfa, sierra centro, rumiantes.

Download Full-text