scholarly journals Melatonin-Mediated Regulation of Growth and Antioxidant Capacity in Salt-Tolerant Naked Oat under Salt Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenying Gao ◽  
Zheng Feng ◽  
Qingqing Bai ◽  
Jinjin He ◽  
Yingjuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Melatonin (MT; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that has been demonstrated to play an important role in plant growth, development, and regulation of environmental stress responses. Studies have been conducted on the role of the exogenous application of MT in a few species, but the potential mechanisms of MT-mediated stress tolerance under salt stress are still largely unknown. In this study, naked oat seedlings under salt stress (150 mM NaCl) were pretreated with two different concentrations of MT (50 and 100 μM), and the effects of MT on the growth and antioxidant capacity of naked oat seedlings were analyzed to explore the regulatory effect of MT on salt tolerance. The results showed that pretreating with different concentrations of MT promoted the growth of seedlings in response to 150 mM NaCl. Different concentrations of MT reduced hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde contents. The exogenous application of MT also increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxide activities. Chlorophyll content, leaf area, leaf volume, and proline increased in the leaves of naked oat seedlings under 150 mM NaCl stress. MT upregulated the expression levels of the lipid peroxidase genes lipoxygenase and peroxygenase, a chlorophyll biosynthase gene (ChlG), the mitogen-activated protein kinase genes Asmap1 and Aspk11, and the transcription factor genes (except DREB2), NAC, WRKY1, WRKY3, and MYB in salt-exposed MT-pretreated seedlings when compared with seedlings exposed to salt stress alone. These results demonstrate an important role of MT in the relief of salt stress and, therefore, provide a reference for managing salinity in naked oat.

scholarly journals Role of Fission Yeast Tup1-like Repressors and Prr1 Transcription Factor in Response to Salt Stress

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2977-2989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Greenall ◽  
Andrew P. Hadcroft ◽  
Panagiota Malakasi ◽  
Nic Jones ◽  
Brian A. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Salt Shock ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Stress Gene ◽  
Transcriptional Induction

In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the Sty1 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the Atf1 transcription factor control transcriptional induction in response to elevated salt concentrations. Herein, we demonstrate that two repressors, Tup11 and Tup12, and the Prr1 transcription factor also function in the response to salt shock. We find that deletion of both tup genes together results in hypersensitivity to elevated cation concentrations (K+ and Ca2+) and we identifycta3 + , which encodes an intracellular cation transporter, as a novel stress gene whose expression is positively controlled by the Sty1 pathway and negatively regulated by Tup repressors. The expression ofcta3 + is maintained at low levels by the Tup repressors, and relief from repression requires the Sty1, Atf1, and Prr1. Prr1 is also required for KCl-mediated induction of several other Sty1-dependent genes such asgpx1 + andctt1 + . Surprisingly, the KCl-mediated induction of cta3 + expression occurs independently of Sty1 in a tup11Δ tup12Δ mutant and so the Tup repressors link induction to the Sty1 pathway. We also report that in contrast to a number of other Sty1- and Atf1-dependent genes, the expression of cta3 + is induced only by high salt concentrations. However, in the absence of the Tup repressors this specificity is lost and a range of stresses induces cta3 + expression.

scholarly journals Cloning and molecular characterization of five MAPKK genes from grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and two of them positively regulate salt and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Ying-hai Liang ◽  
Ji-yu Zhang ◽  
Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Mapk Cascades ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract Background: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays an important role in plant development and stress response. In particular, MAPK kinases (MAPKKs/MKKs) have been reported to play a crucial role in MAPK cascades that mediate a variety of stress responses in plants. Few MKKs in grapevine (Vitis vinifera), however, have been functionally characterized.Results: In the present study, five MKK members in grapevine (‘Pinot Noir’) were identified, cloned and designated as VvMKK1-VvMKK5. A phylogenetic analysis grouped these into four sub-families based on the similarity of their conserved motifs and gene structure to other Arabidopsis MKK members. RT-qPCR results indicated that the expression of VvMKK1, VvMKK2, VvMKK4, and VvMKK5 was up-regulated in mature leaves, young leaves, and roots, but exhibited low expression levels in leaf petioles. VvMKK2, VvMKK3, and VvMKK5 genes were differentially up-regulated when grapevine leaves were inoculated with spores of Erisyphe necator, or treated with SA, ETH, H2O2, or exposed to drought, indicating that these genes may be involved in a variety of signaling pathways. Over expression of VvMKK2 and VvMKK4 genes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in the production of seeds with a significantly higher germination and survival rate, and better seedling growth under stress conditions than wild-type plants. Overexpression of VvMKK2 in Arabidopsis resulted in improved salt and drought stress tolerance while overexpression of VvMKK4 improved salt stress tolerance.Conclusions: Results of the present investigation provide a better understanding of the interaction and function of MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK genes at the transcriptional level in grapevine and led to the identification of candidate genes for improved drought and salt stress in grapes.

scholarly journals Differential Role of Threonine and Tyrosine Phosphorylation in the Activation and Activity of the Yeast MAPK Slt2

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Gema González-Rubio ◽  
Ángela Sellers-Moya ◽  
Humberto Martín ◽  
María Molina
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Activation Loop ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Full Activation

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Slt2 is central to signaling through the yeast Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathway. MAPKs are regulated by phosphorylation at both the threonine and tyrosine of the conserved TXY motif within the activation loop (T190/Y192 in Slt2). Since phosphorylation at both sites results in the full activation of MAPKs, signaling through MAPK pathways is monitored with antibodies that detect dually phosphorylated forms. However, most of these antibodies also recognize monophosphorylated species, whose relative abundance and functionality are diverse. By using different phosphospecific antibodies and phosphate-affinity (Phos-tag) analysis on distinct Slt2 mutants, we determined that Y192- and T190-monophosphorylated species coexist with biphosphorylated Slt2, although most of the Slt2 pool remains unphosphorylated following stress. Among the monophosphorylated forms, only T190 exhibited biological activity. Upon stimulation, Slt2 is first phosphorylated at Y192, mainly by the MAPKK Mkk1, and this phosphorylation is important for the subsequent T190 phosphorylation. Similarly, dephosphorylation of Slt2 by the Dual Specificity Phosphatase (DSP) Msg5 is ordered, with dephosphorylation of T190 depending on previous Y192 dephosphorylation. Whereas Y192 phosphorylation enhances the Slt2 catalytic activity, T190 is essential for this activity. The conserved T195 residue is also critical for Slt2 functionality. Mutations that abolish the activity of Slt2 result in a high increase in inactive Y192-monophosphorylated Slt2. The coexistence of different Slt2 phosphoforms with diverse biological significance highlights the importance of the precise detection of the Slt2 phosphorylation status.

scholarly journals Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Madiha Zaynab ◽  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Yasir Sharif ◽  
Mahpara Fatima ◽  
Mateen Sajid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are the universal signal transduction networks that regulate cell growth and development, hormone signaling, and other environmental stresses. However, their essential contribution to plant tolerance is very little known in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) plant. The current study carried out a genome-wide study of StMAPK and provided a deep insight using bioinformatics tools. In addition, the relative expression of StMAPKs was also assessed in different plant tissues. The similarity search results identified a total of 22 StMAPK genes in the potato genome. The sequence alignment also showed conserved motif TEY/TDY in most StMAPKs with conserved docking LHDXXEP sites. The phylogenetic analysis divided all 22 StMAPK genes into five groups, i.e., A, B, C, D, and E, showing some common structural motifs. In addition, most of the StMAPKs were found in a cluster form at the terminal of chromosomes. The promoter analysis predicted several stress-responsive Cis-acting regulatory elements in StMAPK genes. Gene duplication under selection pressure also indicated several purifying and positive selections in StMAPK genes. In potato, StMAPK2, StMAPK6, and StMAPK19 showed a high expression in response to heat stress. Under ABA and IAA treatment, the expression of the total 20 StMAPK genes revealed that ABA and IAA played an essential role in this defense process. The expression profiling and real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) exhibited their high expression in roots and stems compared to leaves. These results deliver primary data for functional analysis and provide reference data for other important crops.

Insights into the Role of Gasotransmitters Mediating Salt Stress Responses in Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhas Balasaheb Karle ◽  
Akankhya Guru ◽  
Padmanabh Dwivedi ◽  
Kundan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses

ERK5 and its role in tumour development

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Lochhead ◽  
Rebecca Gilley ◽  
Simon J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Mapk Signalling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Tumour Cell Invasion ◽  
And Migration

The MEK5 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase 5]/ERK5 pathway is the least well studied MAPK signalling module. It has been proposed to play a role in the pathology of cancer. In the present paper, we review the role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway using the ‘hallmarks of cancer’ as a framework and consider how this pathway is deregulated. As well as playing a key role in endothelial cell survival and tubular morphogenesis during tumour neovascularization, ERK5 is also emerging as a regulator of tumour cell invasion and migration. Several oncogenes can stimulate ERK5 activity, and protein levels are increased by a novel amplification at chromosome locus 17p11 and by down-regulation of the microRNAs miR-143 and miR-145. Together, these finding underscore the case for further investigation into understanding the role of ERK5 in cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document