scholarly journals The Recretohalophyte Tamarix TrSOS1 Gene Confers Enhanced Salt Tolerance to Transgenic Hairy Root Composite Cotton Seedlings Exhibiting Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of GhSOS1

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benning Che ◽  
Cong Cheng ◽  
Jiajia Fang ◽  
Yongmei Liu ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Yeast Mutant ◽  
Transgenic Hairy Root ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Root Vigor

The salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene encodes the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, SOS1, that is mainly responsible for extruding Na+ from the cytoplasm and reducing the Na+ content in plants under salt stress and is considered a vital determinant in conferring salt tolerance to the plant. However, studies on the salt tolerance function of the TrSOS1 gene of recretohalophytes, such as Tamarix, are limited. In this work, the effects of salt stress on cotton seedlings transformed with tobacco-rattle-virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the endogenous GhSOS1 gene, or Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K599-mediated TrSOS1-transgenic hairy root composite cotton plants exhibiting VIGS of GhSOS1 were first investigated. Then, with Arabidopsis thaliana AtSOS1 as a reference, differences in the complementation effect of TrSOS1 or GhSOS1 in a yeast mutant were compared under salt treatment. Results showed that compared to empty-vector-transformed plants, GhSOS1-VIGS-transformed cotton plants were more sensitive to salt stress and had reduced growth, insufficient root vigor, and increased Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in roots, stems, and leaves. Overexpression of TrSOS1 enhanced the salt tolerance of hairy root composite cotton seedlings exhibiting GhSOS1-VIGS by maintaining higher root vigor and leaf relative water content (RWC), and lower Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in roots, stems, and leaves. Transformations of TrSOS1, GhSOS1, or AtSOS1 into yeast NHA1 (Na+/H+ antiporter 1) mutant reduced cellular Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio, increased K+ level under salt stress, and had good growth complementation in saline conditions. In particular, the ability of TrSOS1 or GhSOS1 to complement the yeast mutant was better than that of AtSOS1. This may indicate that TrSOS1 is an effective substitute and confers enhanced salt tolerance to transgenic hairy root composite cotton seedlings, and even the SOS1 gene from salt-tolerant Tamarix or cotton may have higher efficiency than salt-sensitive Arabidopsis in regulating Na+ efflux, maintaining Na+ and K+ homeostasis, and therefore contributing to stronger salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Functional Identification of Salt-Stress-Related Genes Using the FOX Hunting System from Ipomoea pes-caprae

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jie-Xuan Zheng ◽  
Hui Mo ◽  
Kuai-Fei Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Yeast Mutant ◽  
Full Length Cdna ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Ipomoea pes-caprae is a seashore halophytic plant and is therefore a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying salt and stress tolerance in plant research. Here, we performed Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor (FOX) gene hunting with a functional screening of a cDNA library using a salt-sensitive yeast mutant strain to isolate the salt-stress-related genes of I. pes-caprae (IpSR genes). The library was screened for genes that complemented the salt defect of yeast mutant AXT3 and could grow in the presence of 75 mM NaCl. We obtained 38 candidate salt-stress-related full-length cDNA clones from the I. pes-caprae cDNA library. The genes are predicted to encode proteins involved in water deficit, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, cellular vesicle trafficking, metabolic enzymes, and signal transduction factors. When combined with the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses, several potential functional salt-tolerance-related genes were emphasized. This approach provides a rapid assay system for the large-scale screening of I. pes-caprae genes involved in the salt stress response and supports the identification of genes responsible for the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of SlWRKY79 Attenuates Salt Tolerance in Tomato Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Yuqing He ◽  
Xiaochun Zhang ◽  
Yinxiao Tan ◽  
Deli Si ◽  
Tingting Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Severe Leaf

Previous studies have shown that WRKY transcription factors play important roles in abiotic stress responses. Thus, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to identify the function of SlWRKY79 in the salt tolerance of tomato plants by downregulating the expression of the SlWRKY79 gene. Under the same salt treatment conditions, the SlWRKY79-silenced plants showed faster stem wilting and more severe leaf shrinkage than the control plants, and the bending degree of the stem of the SlWRKY79-silenced plants was also greater than that of the control plants. Physiological analyses showed that considerably higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulated in the leaves of the SlWRKY79-silenced plants than in those of the controls after salt treatment. Taken together, our results suggested that SlWRKY79 plays a positive regulatory role in salt tolerance in tomato plants.

scholarly journals GhNHX3D, a Vacuolar-Localized Na+/H+ Antiporter, Positively Regulates Salt Response in Upland Cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4047
Author(s):  
Junping Feng ◽  
Wenyu Ma ◽  
Zongbin Ma ◽  
Zhongying Ren ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Egfp Fusion Protein ◽  
Ion Contents ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Steady State Balance

Vacuolar sodium/proton (Na+/H+) antiporters (NHXs) can stabilize ion contents to improve the salt tolerance of plants. Here, GhNHX3D was cloned and characterized from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Phylogenetic and sequence analyses showed that GhNHX3D belongs to the vacuolar-type NHXs. The GhNHX3D-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fusion protein localized on the vacuolar membrane when transiently expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that GhNHX3D was induced rapidly in response to salt stress in cotton leaves, and its transcript levels increased with the aggravation of salt stress. The introduction of GhNHX3D into the salt-sensitive yeast mutant ATX3 improved its salt tolerance. Furthermore, silencing of GhNHX3D in cotton plants by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased the Na+ levels in the leaves, stems, and roots and decreased the K+ content in the roots, leading to greater salt sensitivity. Our results indicate that GhNHX3D is a member of the vacuolar NHX family and can confer salt tolerance by adjusting the steady-state balance of cellular Na+ and K+ ions.

scholarly journals A Novel Stable QTL in Chromosome A04 for Salt Tolerance at the Seed Germination Stage of Upland Cotton via a Resequencing-Based High-Density Genetic Map

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qishen Gu ◽  
Huifeng Ke ◽  
Chenchen Liu ◽  
Xing Lv ◽  
Zhengwen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Stable Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Functional Analyses

Abstract Key message Two candidate genes GhGASA1 and GhADC2 playing negative roles by modulating the GA and PA signaling pathway, respectively, were identified in a major QTL for germination under salt stress.The successful transition of a seed into a seedling is the prerequisite for plant propagation and crop yield. Germination is a vulnerable stage in a plant’s life cycle which is strongly affected by environmental conditions, such as salinity. In this study, we identified a novel stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) qRGR-A04-1 associated with relative germination rate (RGR) after treatment with salt stress based on a high-density genetic map under phytotron and filed conditions, with LOD values of 6.65-16.83 and 6.11-12.63% of phenotypic variations in all five environment tests. Two candidate genes with significantly differential expression between two parents were finally identified through RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses. Further functional analyses showed that GhGASA1- and GhADC2-overexpression lines were more sensitive to salt stress than wild-type in Arabidopsis through regulating the transcript levels of gibberellic acid (GA) and polyamine (PA) -related genes implicating in GA and PA biosynthesis with reducing the accumulation of GA and PA under salt stress, respectively. Virus-induced gene silencing analysis showed that TRV:GASA1 and TRV:ADC2 displayed more tolerant to salt stress by increasing the expression of GA-synthesis genes and decreasing the H2O2 content, respectively. Taken together, our results suggested that QTL qRGR-A04-1 and its harbored two genes, GhGASA1 and GhADC2, were promising candidates for salt tolerance improvement in cotton.

Establishment of a transgenic hairy root system in wild and domesticated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) for studying root vigor under drought

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Kajikawa ◽  
Kaoru Morikawa ◽  
Yosuke Abe ◽  
Akiho Yokota ◽  
Kinya Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Transgenic Hairy Root ◽  
Root Vigor

scholarly journals Salt Tolerant Gossypium hirsutum L. Cultivars are Mostly Long-Staple Length Cultivars

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Predeepa ◽  
Ranjith Kumar ◽  
George C. Abraham ◽  
T. S. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Staple Length

Abstract Background: Cotton is a major cash crop in the global and, in particular, the Indian markets, playing an important economic role in the textile and oil industries. The cotton plant is one of the highly bred plants that is highly sensitive to salt stress. As cotton is a non-food crop, the availability of non-saline terrain and water for the cultivation of cotton plants is only next to other food crops, thereby posing a need to better understand the salt tolerance of this plant. Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivars MCU 5, LRA 5166, and SVPR 2 were selected based on exomorphic traits like staple length and cropping season so that the genotypic responses to salt stress and salt shock can be compared for interpreting the effects of salinity on in vitro germination. Thus, this study aims to establish genotypic dependence on salinity tolerance. Results: The results affirmed genotypic variation in salinity tolerance, with MCU 5 tolerating salt stress better than LRA 5166 and SVPR 2 in all the observed stages of growth of the plant and the parameters measured. Further salt-tolerant cotton varieties were observed to be long-staple length varieties; staple length is the fiber character of the cotton lint. Moreover, salt tolerance in the vegetative growth stage of cotton plants is not independent of the germination stage of the plant.Conclusion: Nevertheless, the correlation of genotypic dependence to morphological characteristics, in particular, staple length (and cropping season), is of agronomic and commercial significance. Further research by screening and investigating a greater number of cultivars using biochemical and molecular techniques will provide a better understanding of this observed phenotypical relationship to the genotypes of cotton cultivars under salt stress.

scholarly journals Transcription Factor GarWRKY5 Is Involved in Salt Stress Response in Diploid Cotton Species (Gossypium aridum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Guo ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Xinqi Fan ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Zhenzhen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salt Stress Response

Cotton is one of the most economically important crops in the world, and it is exposed to various abiotic stresses during its lifecycle, especially salt stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cotton tolerance to salt stress are still not fully understood due to the complex nature of salt response. Therefore, identification of salt stress tolerance-related functional genes will help us understand key components involved in stress response and provide valuable genes for improving salt stress tolerance via genetic engineering in cotton. In the present study, virus-induced gene silencing of GhWRKY5 in cotton showed enhanced salt sensitivity compared to wild-type plants under salt stress. Overexpression of GarWRKY5 in Arabidopsis positively regulated salt tolerance at the stages of seed germination and vegetative growth. Additionally, GarWRKY5-overexpressing plants exhibited higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) under salt stress. The transcriptome sequencing analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants and wild-type plants revealed that there was enriched coexpression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging (including glutamine S-transferases (GSTs) and SODs) and altered response to jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in the GarWRKY5-OE lines. GarWRKY5 is involved in salt stress response by the jasmonic acid- or salicylic acid-mediated signaling pathway based on overexpression of GarWRKY5 in Arabidopsis and virus-induced gene silencing of GarWRKY5 in cotton.

scholarly journals The long non-coding RNA lncRNA973 is involved in cotton response to salt stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopei Zhang ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
Fenni Deng ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yingying Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Reduced Salt

Abstract Background Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are a class of functional RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length, and lncRNAs play important roles in various biological regulatory processes and response to the biotic and abiotic stresses. LncRNAs associated with salt stress in cotton have been identified through RNA sequencing, but the function of lncRNAs has not been reported. We previously identified salt stress-related lncRNAs in cotton (Gossypium spp.), and discovered the salt-related lncRNA-lncRNA973. Results In this study, we identified the expression level, localization, function, and preliminary mechanism of action of lncRNA973. LncRNA973, which was localized in the nucleus, was expressed at a low level under nonstress conditions but can be significantly increased by salt treatments. Here lncRNA973 was transformed into Arabidopsis and overexpressed. Along with the increased expression compared with wild type under salt stress conditions in transgenic plants, the seed germination rate, fresh weights and root lengths of the transgenic plants increased. We also knocked down the expression of lncRNA973 using virus-induced gene silencing technology. The lncRNA973 knockdown plants wilted, and the leaves became yellowed and dropped under salt-stress conditions, indicating that the tolerance to salt stress had decreased compared with wild type. LncRNA973 may be involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species-scavenging genes, transcription factors and genes involved in salt stress-related processes in response to cotton salt stress. Conclusions LncRNA973 was localized in the nucleus and its expression was increased by salt treatment. The lncRNA973-overexpression lines had increased salt tolerance compared with the wild type, while the lncRNA973 knockdown plants had reduced salt tolerance. LncRNA973 regulated cotton responses to salt stress by modulating the expression of a series of salt stress-related genes. The data provides a basis for further studies on the mechanisms of lncRNA973-associated responses to salt stress in cotton.

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