scholarly journals From Crosstalk between Immune and Bone Cells to Bone Erosion in Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kumar ◽  
Pierre-Marie Roger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
And Function

Bone infection and inflammation leads to the infiltration of immune cells at the site of infection, where they modulate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts by the secretion of various cytokines and signal mediators. In recent years, there has been a tremendous effort to understand the cells involved in these interactions and the complex pathways of signal transduction and their ultimate effect on bone metabolism. These crosstalk mechanisms between the bone and immune system finally emerged, forming a new field of research called osteoimmunology. Diseases falling into the category of osteoimmunology, such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, and bone infections are considered to have a significant implication in mortality and morbidity of patients, along with affecting their quality of life. There is a much-needed research focus in this new field, as the reported data on the immunomodulation of immune cells and their signaling pathways seems to have promising therapeutic benefits for patients.

scholarly journals Fc-gamma receptors and S100A8/A9 cause bone erosion during rheumatoid arthritis. Do they act as partners in crime?

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1331-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Di Ceglie ◽  
Nik N L Kruisbergen ◽  
Martijn H J van den Bosch ◽  
Peter L E M van Lent
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Fcγ Receptor ◽  
Receptor Signalling ◽  
Radiographic Disease ◽  
Osteoclast Function ◽  
And Function

AbstractBone erosion is one of the central hallmarks of RA and is caused by excessive differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. Presence of autoantibodies in seropositive arthritis is associated with radiographic disease progression. ICs, formed by autoantibodies and their antigens, activate Fcγ-receptor signalling in immune cells, and as such stimulate inflammation-mediated bone erosion. Interestingly, ICs can also directly activate osteoclasts by binding to FcγRs on their surface. Next to autoantibodies, high levels of alarmins, among which is S100A8/A9, are typical for RA and they can further activate the immune system but also directly promote osteoclast function. Therefore, IC-activated FcγRs and S100A8/A9 might act as partners in crime to stimulate inflammation and osteoclasts differentiation and function, thereby stimulating bone erosion. This review discusses the separate roles of ICs, FcγRs and alarmins in bone erosion and sheds new light on the possible interplay between them, which could fuel bone erosion.

scholarly journals Osteoimmunology: Interactions of the Bone and Immune System

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lorenzo ◽  
Mark Horowitz ◽  
Yongwon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function ◽  
Broad Overview

Abstract Bone and the immune system are both complex tissues that respectively regulate the skeleton and the body’s response to invading pathogens. It has now become clear that these organ systems often interact in their function. This is particularly true for the development of immune cells in the bone marrow and for the function of bone cells in health and disease. Because these two disciplines developed independently, investigators in each don’t always fully appreciate the significance that the other system has on the function of the tissue they are studying. This review is meant to provide a broad overview of the many ways that bone and immune cells interact so that a better understanding of the role that each plays in the development and function of the other can develop. It is hoped that an appreciation of the interactions of these two organ systems will lead to better therapeutics for diseases that affect either or both.

scholarly journals Early Life Inflammation and the Developing Hematopoietic and Immune Systems: The Cochlea as a Sensitive Indicator of Disruption

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3596
Author(s):  
Kelly S. Otsuka ◽  
Christopher Nielson ◽  
Matthew A. Firpo ◽  
Albert H. Park ◽  
Anna E. Beaudin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Perinatal Infection ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Future Work

Emerging evidence indicates that perinatal infection and inflammation can influence the developing immune system and may ultimately affect long-term health and disease outcomes in offspring by perturbing tissue and immune homeostasis. We posit that perinatal inflammation influences immune outcomes in offspring by perturbing (1) the development and function of fetal-derived immune cells that regulate tissue development and homeostasis, and (2) the establishment and function of developing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that continually generate immune cells across the lifespan. To disentangle the complexities of these interlinked systems, we propose the cochlea as an ideal model tissue to investigate how perinatal infection affects immune, tissue, and stem cell development. The cochlea contains complex tissue architecture and a rich immune milieu that is established during early life. A wide range of congenital infections cause cochlea dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), likely attributable to early life inflammation. Furthermore, we show that both immune cells and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors can be simultaneously analyzed within neonatal cochlear samples. Future work investigating the pathogenesis of SNHL in the context of congenital infection will therefore provide critical information on how perinatal inflammation drives disease susceptibility in offspring.

scholarly journals Cervus and cucumis peptides ameliorates bone erosion in experimental arthritis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Min Lin ◽  
Yu-Ting Liu ◽  
Yan-Sheng Xu ◽  
Xiao-Qian Yang ◽  
Feng-Hua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Experimental Arthritis ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation and bone loss, leading to joint destruction and deformity. The cervus and cucumis polypeptide (CCP) injection, one of the traditional Chinese medicine injections combined extracts from deer horn and sweet melon seeds, is widely used to treat arthritis and bone fracture in China. The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of CCP on pathological immune cells and bone homoeostasis in rodent experimental arthritis.MethodsThe effects of CCP (4 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg) on clinical arthritis symptoms, bone erosion, proinflammatory cytokines and pathological immune cells induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The impacts of CCP (2 mg/kg) on joint erythema and swelling, production of pathogenic antibodies and the proportion of inflammatory cells were assessed in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Regulation of osteoclastogenesis by CCP was observed in the murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).ResultsCCP administration significantly prevented disease progression in both adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and CIA mice. The therapeutic benefits were accompanied by reduction of paw oedema, reversed bone destruction, decreased pathological changes and osteoclast numbers in joints in AIA rats, as well as attenuated clinical manifestation and autoantibodies production in CIA mice. Meanwhile, in vitro supplemented of CCP concentration dependently inhibited RANKL/M-CSF-induced osteoclast differentiation, without showing cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells. Further, the presence of CCP dampened the augmented downstream signalling transduction as well as activation of osteoclast-specific genes and transcription factors induced by RANKL/M-CSF in RAW264.7 cells.ConclusionOur study suggested that the therapeutic effects of CCP in experimental arthritis could be attributed to its intervention on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis signalling pathway in osteoclast precursor cells.

Distraction Osteogenesis in the Treatment of Craniofacial Anomalies: Applications and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1469-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Carrie E. Zimmerman ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Correct Structure

Purpose Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) often result in growth abnormalities of the facial skeleton adversely affecting function and appearance. The functional problems caused by the structural anomalies include upper airway obstruction, speech abnormalities, feeding difficulty, hearing deficits, dental/occlusal defects, and cognitive and psychosocial impairment. Managing disorders of the craniofacial skeleton has been improved by the technique known as distraction osteogenesis (DO). In DO, new bone growth is stimulated allowing bones to be lengthened without need for bone graft. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the technique and clinical applications and outcomes of DO in CFA. Conclusion Distraction can be applied to various regions of the craniofacial skeleton to correct structure and function. The benefits of this procedure include improved airway, feeding, occlusion, speech, and appearance, resulting in a better quality of life for patients with CFA.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

Regeneration of market squares in historic town centres: ideas, discussions, controversies

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Natalia Bursiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
And Function ◽  
Historic Cities ◽  
Lower Silesia

Abstract In Poland, the last 15 years have been marked by various, numerous regeneration projects of historic cities that were supposed to improve the citizens quality of life and their security, as well as to create an attractive tourist offer. Those programs were often focused on the renewal, reshape and modernization of public squares. Such changes never go unnoticed. On contrary, these are frequently associated with criticism, debate and disagreements. The research has been focused on the analysis of regeneration projects from selected Market Squares in historic cities and town centres in Lower Silesia. The main aim was to exhibit the medieval origin of those squares and recently introduced contemporary layout. Moreover it was to present diverse opinions regarding square’s form and function, that can be crucial in understanding the architects, planners and citizens’ points of view and their ‘feelings’ towards the space.

Research on Construction and Function of Safety Monitoring Sys- tem for Integrated Construction Site Based on BIM

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Xin
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Safety Monitoring System ◽  
And Function

The effective construction of safety monitoring system at construction site depends on perfect management system and advanced technical support. And the lack of information technology platform, resulting in reduced management efficiency, information is not accurate and other issues. Based on the construction site safety monitoring system to achieve the goal, to do a good job in advance prevention, to take the latest information collection technology RFID and BIM integrated comprehensive and effective monitoring of the construction site, constitute the main technology in the monitoring system, thus ensuring the construction site safety monitoring efficiency , Comprehensive, real-time, etc., on the management and technical two points to achieve the construction site safety monitoring, improve the quality of safety management.

PUBLIC SECTOR SERVICE INNOVATION COMPARISON

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 826-844
Author(s):  
Ellyza Octaleny
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Employee Welfare ◽  
Low Education ◽  
And Function ◽  
Public Sector Service ◽  
Sector Service

Abstrak Inovasi merupakan suatu hal penting yang harus dimiliki oleh sebuah organisasi pemberi layanan sektor publik. Instansi pemerintah sebagai pemberi layanan dituntut memiliki inovasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan inovasi pelayanan sektor publik di RSUD Prof. Margono dan Lembaga Permasyarakatan Nusakambangan Cilacap. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1). Kurangnya personil pegawai yang sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya; 2). Kuangnya kesejahteraan pegawai sehingga kinerja pegawai rendah dan tidak berkualitas; 3). Pegawai berpendidikan rendah sehingga tidak sesuai dengan beban tugas dan fungsinya. Rekomendasi untuk kedua Lembaga sector public tersebut dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1). Penambahan personel pegawai sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya sehingga cakupan kewenangannya luas; 2) Lebih memperhatikan kesejahteraan pegawai sehingga pegawai termotivasi untuk bekerja dengan baik dan berkualitas; 3) Memberikan Kemudahan kepada pegawai yang ingin melanjutkan pendidikannya kejenjang yang lebih tinggi sehingga kualitas Pendidikan personel lebih seimbang dengan beban kerja. Kata Kunci: Inovasi, Pelayanan, SektorPublik   Abstract Innovation is an important thing that must be owned by an organization that provides public sector services. Government agencies as service providers are required to have innovations to improve the quality of services to the community. This study aims to compare public sector service innovations in hospitals. Prof. Margono and the Nusa kambangan Penitentiary. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings in this study are: 1). Lack of employee personnel in accordance with their duties and functions; 2). The lack of employee welfare so that employee performance is low and not qualified; 3). Employees have low education so that it is not suitable with their work load and function. The recommendations for the two public sector institutions in this study are: 1). The addition of employee personnel in accordance with their duties and functions so that the scope of their authority is broad; 2) Pay more attention to employee welfare so that employees are motivated to work well and quality; 3) Providing convenience to employees who want to continue their education to a higher level so that the quality of personnel education is more balanced with the workload. Keywords: Innovation, Service, Public Sector  

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