scholarly journals iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals Several Strategies to Cope with Drought Stress in Maize Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilei Jiang ◽  
Fengxue Jin ◽  
Xiaohui Shan ◽  
Yidan Li
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Osmotic Regulation ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Drought Avoidance

Drought stress, especially during the seedling stage, seriously limits the growth of maize and reduces production in the northeast of China. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of drought response in maize seedlings, proteome changes were analyzed. Using an isotopic tagging relative quantitation (iTRAQ) based method, a total of 207 differentially accumulated protein species (DAPS) were identified under drought stress in maize seedlings. The DAPS were classified into ten essential groups and analyzed thoroughly, which involved in signaling, osmotic regulation, protein synthesis and turnover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, membrane trafficking, transcription related, cell structure and cell cycle, fatty acid metabolism, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, as well as photosynthesis and photorespiration. The enhancements of ROS scavenging, osmotic regulation, protein turnover, membrane trafficking, and photosynthesis may play important roles in improving drought tolerance of maize seedlings. Besides, the inhibitions of some protein synthesis and slowdown of cell division could reduce the growth rate and avoid excessive water loss, which is possible to be the main reasons for enhancing drought avoidance of maize seedlings. The incongruence between protein and transcript levels was expectedly observed in the process of confirming iTRAQ data by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, which further indicated that the multiplex post-transcriptional regulation and post-translational modification occurred in drought-stressed maize seedlings. Finally, a hypothetical strategy was proposed that maize seedlings coped with drought stress by improving drought tolerance (via. promoting osmotic adjustment and antioxidant capacity) and enhancing drought avoidance (via. reducing water loss). Our study provides valuable insight to mechanisms underlying drought response in maize seedlings.

scholarly journals Physiological and Differential Proteomic Analyses of Imitation Drought Stress Response in Sorghum bicolor Root at the Seedling Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9174
Author(s):  
Hongbing Li ◽  
Yulin Li ◽  
Qingbo Ke ◽  
Sang-Soo Kwak ◽  
Suiqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Root Response

Drought is one of the most important constraints on the growth and productivity of many crops, including sorghum. However, as a primary sensing organ, the plant root response to drought has not been well documented at the proteomic level. In the present study, we compared physiological alteration and differential accumulation of proteins in the roots of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) inbred line BT×623 response to Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress at the seedling stage. Drought stress (up to 24 h after PEG treatment) resulted in increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent lipid peroxidation. The proline content was increased in drought-stressed plants. The physiological mechanism of sorghum root response to drought was attributed to the elimination of harmful free radicals and to the alleviation of oxidative stress via the synergistic action of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. The high-resolution proteome map demonstrated significant variations in about 65 protein spots detected on Coomassie Brilliant Blue-stained 2-DE gels. Of these, 52 protein spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) representing 49 unique proteins; the levels of 43 protein spots were increased, and 22 were decreased under drought condition. The proteins identified in this study are involved in a variety of cellular functions, including carbohydrate and energy metabolism, antioxidant and defense response, protein synthesis/processing/degradation, transcriptional regulation, amino acid biosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism, which contribute jointly to the molecular mechanism of outstanding drought tolerance in sorghum plants. Analysis of protein expression patterns and physiological analysis revealed that proteins associated with changes in energy usage; osmotic adjustment; ROS scavenging; and protein synthesis, processing, and proteolysis play important roles in maintaining root growth under drought stress. This study provides new insight for better understanding of the molecular basis of drought stress responses, aiming to improve plant drought tolerance for enhanced yield.

Water loss prevention plays a greater role than ROS scavenging in dehydration tolerance of Kalanchoe tubiflora epiphyllous buds

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Ling Luo ◽  
Zhi Long Su ◽  
Xian Liang Cui ◽  
Qin Ying Lan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Kalanchoe Tubiflora ◽  
Epiphyllous Buds

Different plants and plant organs have various strategies to cope with drought stress.Kalanchoe tubifloraplants have a strong ability to prevent water loss and to scavenge reactive oxygen species. The epiphyllous bud of the plant serves as a reproduction unit and is able to generate plantlets even under conditions of extreme drought. The aim of this project was to study the antioxidant-stress response and osmoregulation ofK. tubifloraepiphyllous buds to dehydration and to compare the drought-tolerance mechanisms of the plant body and the epiphyllous buds. With the progression of bud dehydration, relative water content, seedling survival rate and dry weight per seedling decreased, and electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content and superoxide anion production rate increased. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase decreased under dehydration. The content of proline, soluble sugars and soluble protein increased in dehydrated buds proportionally with the extent of water loss. These data indicate that the drought-tolerance mechanism of theK. tubiflorabud was different from that of its mother plant. The buds invest more energy to prevent water loss during drought stress, and their antioxidant defense weakens.

scholarly journals A Novel WRKY Transcription Factor from Ipomoea trifida, ItfWRKY70, Confers Drought Tolerance in Sweet Potato

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Sifan Sun ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Shaopei Gao ◽  
Nan Nie ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Ipomoea Trifida ◽  
Positive Role

WRKY transcription factors are one of the important families in plants, and have important roles in plant growth, abiotic stress responses, and defense regulation. In this study, we isolated a WRKY gene, ItfWRKY70, from the wild relative of sweet potato Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.) G. Don. This gene was highly expressed in leaf tissue and strongly induced by 20% PEG6000 and 100 μM abscisic acid (ABA). Subcellar localization analyses indicated that ItfWRKY70 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 significantly increased drought tolerance in transgenic sweet potato plants. The content of ABA and proline, and the activity of SOD and POD were significantly increased, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were decreased in transgenic plants under drought stress. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 up-regulated the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, stress-response, ROS-scavenging system, and stomatal aperture in transgenic plants under drought stress. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ItfWRKY70 plays a positive role in drought tolerance by accumulating the content of ABA, regulating stomatal aperture and activating the ROS scavenging system in sweet potato.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Voltage-Dependent Anion-Selective Channel (VDAC) Protein-Encoding Gene, MsVDAC, from Medicago sativa Confers Cold and Drought Tolerance to Transgenic Tobacco

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Xinhang Duan ◽  
Zhaoyu Wang ◽  
Hang Yin ◽  
Junrui Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Osmotic Homeostasis ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are highly conserved proteins that are involved in the translocation of tRNA and play a key role in modulating plant senescence and multiple pathways. However, the functions of VDACs in plants are still poorly understood. Here, a novel VDAC gene was isolated and identified from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). MsVDAC localized to the mitochondria, and its expression was highest in alfalfa roots and was induced in response to cold, drought and salt treatment. Overexpression of MsVDAC in tobacco significantly increased MDA, GSH, soluble sugars, soluble protein and proline contents under cold and drought stress. However, the activities of SOD and POD decreased in transgenic tobacco under cold stress, while the O2− content increased. Stress-responsive genes including LTP1, ERD10B and Hxk3 were upregulated in the transgenic plants under cold and drought stress. However, GAPC, CBL1, BI-1, Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD were upregulated only in the transgenic tobacco plants under cold stress, and GAPC, CBL1, and BI-1 were downregulated under drought stress. These results suggest that MsVDAC provides cold tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging, osmotic homeostasis and stress-responsive gene expression in plants, but the improved drought tolerance via MsVDAC may be mainly due to osmotic homeostasis and stress-responsive genes.

scholarly journals CsCYT75B1, a Citrus CYTOCHROME P450 Gene, Is Involved in Accumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induces Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Junaid Rao ◽  
Yuantao Xu ◽  
Xiaomei Tang ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Jihong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Gene ◽  
P450 Gene ◽  
Large Gene ◽  
Transgenic Lines

CYTOCHROME P450s genes are a large gene family in the plant kingdom. Our earlier transcriptome data revealed that a CYTOCHROME P450 gene of Citrus sinensis (CsCYT75B1) was associated with flavonoid metabolism and was highly induced after drought stress. Here, we characterized the function of CsCYT75B1 in drought tolerance by overexpressing it in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of the CsCYT75B1 gene significantly enhanced the total flavonoid contents with increased antioxidant activity in transgenic Arabidopsis. The gene expression results showed that several genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of antioxidant flavonoids were induced by 2–12 fold in transgenic Arabidopsis lines. After 14 days of drought stress, all transgenic lines displayed an enhanced tolerance to drought stress along with accumulating antioxidant flavonoids with lower superoxide radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) than wild type plants. In addition, drought-stressed transgenic lines possessed higher antioxidant enzymatic activities than wild type transgenic lines. Moreover, the stressed transgenic lines had significantly lower levels of electrolytic leakage than wild type transgenic lines. These results demonstrate that the CsCYT75B1 gene of sweet orange functions in the metabolism of antioxidant flavonoid and contributes to drought tolerance by elevating ROS scavenging activities.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity for Drought Tolerance among and within Perennial Ryegrass Accessions

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Cui ◽  
Jinsheng Wang ◽  
Xingchun Wang ◽  
Yiwei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Drought Response

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a popular cool-season forage and turfgrass in temperate regions. Due to its self-incompatible and out-crossing nature, perennial ryegrass may show a high degree of heterozygosity. Perennial ryegrass generally is susceptible to drought stress, but variations of drought response of individual genotypes within a particular accession or cultivar are not well understood. The objective of this study was to characterize phenotypic diversity of drought tolerance within and among accessions in relation to genetic diversity in perennial ryegrass. Five individual genotypes from each of six accessions varying in origin and growth habits were subjected to drought stress in a greenhouse. Leaf wilting, plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and leaf water content (LWC) differed significantly among accessions as well as among genotypes within each accession under well-watered control and drought stress conditions. Fv/Fm was highly correlated with LWC under drought stress. Genetic diversity among and within accessions were identified by using previously characterized 23 simple sequence repeat markers. Across accessions, the mean major allele frequency, gene diversity, and heterozygosity values were 0.66, 0.43, and 0.66, respectively. Accessions with closer genetic distance generally had similar drought responses, while accessions with greater genetic distance showed distinct drought tolerance. Significant differences in drought tolerance among and within accessions, especially for individual genotypes within one accession, indicated that variations of drought response could be used for enhancing breeding programs and studying molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass.

scholarly journals Kandelia candel Thioredoxin f Confers Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshu Jing ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Xujun Ma ◽  
Yanli Zhang ◽  
Yuanling Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Kandelia Candel ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Thioredoxin F

Water deficit caused by osmotic stress and drought limits crop yield and tree growth worldwide. Screening and identifying candidate genes from stress-resistant species are a genetic engineering strategy to increase drought resistance. In this study, an increased concentration of mannitol resulted in elevated expression of thioredoxin f (KcTrxf) in the nonsecretor mangrove species Kandelia candel. By means of amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the mangrove Trx was classified as an f-type thioredoxin. Subcellular localization showed that KcTrxf localizes to chloroplasts. Enzymatic activity characterization revealed that KcTrxf recombinant protein possesses the disulfide reductase function. KcTrxf overexpression contributes to osmotic and drought tolerance in tobacco in terms of fresh weight, root length, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. KcTrxf was shown to reduce the stomatal aperture by enhancing K+ efflux in guard cells, which increased the water-retaining capacity in leaves under drought conditions. Notably, the abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity was increased in KcTrxf-transgenic tobacco, which benefits plants exposed to drought by reducing water loss by promoting stomatal closure. KcTrxf-transgenic plants limited drought-induced H2O2 in leaves, which could reduce lipid peroxidation and retain the membrane integrity. Additionally, glutathione (GSH) contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and transgenic plants are more efficient at regenerating GSH from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) under conditions of drought stress. Notably, KcTrxf-transgenic plants had increased glucose and fructose contents under drought stress conditions, presumably resulting from KcTrxf-promoted starch degradation under water stress. We conclude that KcTrxf contributes to drought tolerance by increasing the water status, by enhancing osmotic adjustment, and by maintaining ROS homeostasis in transgene plants.

scholarly journals Do Species Mount Different Genetic Responses to Acute Drought Stress Across an Ecological Gradient? 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Kay Devitt ◽  
Albert Chung ◽  
John J. Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Genetic Responses

Abstract Background: How do xerophytic species thrive in environments that experience extreme annual drought? Although critical to the survival of many species, the genetic responses to drought stress in non-model organisms are unknown. We investigated this question in Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae), which occurs throughout western North America, including arid lands. To better understand the genetic responses to drought stress among species that occur in different habitats, the gene expression levels of three species from the genus Mentzelia that occur across a precipitation gradient were compared. Two de novo reference transcriptomes were generated and annotated. Leaf and root tissues were collected from control and drought shocked plants and compared to one another for differential expression. A target-gene approach was also implemented to better understand how drought-related genes from model and crop species function in non-model systems.Results: When comparing the drought-shock treatment plants to their respective control plants, we identified 165 differentially expressed clusters across all three species. Differentially expressed genes including those associated with water movement, photosynthesis, and genes that delayed senescence. The transcriptome profiling approach was coupled with a target genes approach that measured expression of 90 genes associated with drought tolerance in model organisms. Comparing differentially expressed genes with a log-fold values of 2 or greater between species and tissue types showed significant differences in drought response. In pariwise comparisons, species that occurred in drier environments differentially expressed greater genes in leaves when drought shocked than those from wetter environments, but expression in the roots mostly produced opposite results. Conclusions: Arid-adapted species mounted greater genetic responses compared to the temperate species, with differences in leaf and root tissue responses. Target genes revealed differences and similarities between functional processes within Mentzelia and other plant groups. Differences in drought response depending on tissue type suggests that genetic and physiological responses occur within one tissue type and not the other, and tissue responses could be evolving at different rates. We determined that drought tolerance is enhanced through pathways of delayed senescence and that genetic responses were tissue and habitat specific.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Avoidance Traits for Six Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. McCann ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare drought responses between the more recently developed creeping bentgrass cultivars to standard cultivars and 2) to determine differential drought tolerance and avoidance characteristics associated with cultivar variation in drought resistance. Six cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferia) (‘Penn A-4’, ‘Independence’, ‘Declaration’, ‘L-93’, ‘Penncross’, and ‘Putter’) were maintained in growth chambers at 20 °C day/15 °C night either well-watered or exposed to drought stress by withholding water for 17 days. Cultivars varied in turf performance and physiological responses (leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency) to drought stress, which was reflected in their differences in drought tolerance (osmotic adjustment) and drought avoidance traits (water use rate and efficiency, root viability, root length, and number). ‘Penn A-4,’ ‘Independence,’ and ‘L-93’ generally performed better than other three cultivars under drought conditions, mainly through maintaining higher water use efficiency, root viability, root elongation, or root production. The majority of physiological parameters evaluated suggested that of the six creeping bentgrass cultivars examined in this study, the three cultivars with better ability to survive drought stress used mainly avoidance traits related to water use and water uptake.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Poplar RING-H2 Zinc Finger, Ptxerico, Confers Enhanced Drought Tolerance via Reduced Water Loss and Ion Leakage in Populus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9454
Author(s):  
Min-Ha Kim ◽  
Jin-Seong Cho ◽  
Eung-Jun Park ◽  
Hyoshin Lee ◽  
Young-Im Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss

Drought stress is one of the major environmental problems in the growth of crops and woody perennials, but it is getting worse due to the global climate crisis. XERICO, a RING (Really Interesting New Gene) zinc-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been shown to be a positive regulator of drought tolerance in plants through the control of abscisic acid (ABA) homeostasis. We characterized a poplar (Populus trichocarpa) RING protein family and identified the closest homolog of XERICO called PtXERICO. Expression of PtXERICO is induced by both salt and drought stress, and by ABA treatment in poplars. Overexpression of PtXERICO in Arabidopsis confers salt and ABA hypersensitivity in young seedlings, and enhances drought tolerance by decreasing transpirational water loss. Consistently, transgenic hybrid poplars overexpressing PtXERICO demonstrate enhanced drought tolerance with reduced transpirational water loss and ion leakage. Subsequent upregulation of genes involved in the ABA homeostasis and drought response was confirmed in both transgenic Arabidopsis and poplars. Taken together, our results suggest that PtXERICO will serve as a focal point to improve drought tolerance of woody perennials.

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