scholarly journals Biocatalytic Amplification of UV Signal in Capillary Electrophoresis of MicroRNA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruibin Hu ◽  
Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Large Scale Screening ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are new potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and classification of cancer. This study is the first attempt to use biocatalytic amplification reactions combined with capillary electrophoresis to detect multiple miRNAs simultaneously. In this way, miRNAs, as catalysts, can catalyze two single strands of DNA to form double-strand DNA. Feasibility was demonstrated by non-gel capillary electrophoresis coupled with UV detection (NGCE-UV). The detection limit was improved down to 1.0 nM, having ca. 103-fold improvement. This method has a good linear range of between 3.0 nM and 300 nM, with R2 at 0.99, recovery at 88–115%, and peak area precision at 1–12.7%. Using three target miRNAs as a model can achieve the baseline separation and good selectivity. The proposed biocatalysis coupled with a capillary electrophoresis-based method is simple, rapid, multiplexed, and cost-effective, making it potentially applicable for simultaneous, large-scale screening for other nucleic acids biomarkers and related research.

scholarly journals Analytical Validation and Clinical Application of Rapid Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Suitable for Large-Scale Screening

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Amedeo De Nicolò ◽  
Valeria Avataneo ◽  
Jessica Cusato ◽  
Alice Palermiti ◽  
Jacopo Mula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Recently, large-scale screening for COVID-19 has presented a major challenge, limiting timely countermeasures. Therefore, the application of suitable rapid serological tests could provide useful information, however, little evidence regarding their robustness is currently available. In this work, we evaluated and compared the analytical performance of a rapid lateral-flow test (LFA) and a fast semiquantitative fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) for anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) antibodies, with the reverse transcriptase real-time PCR assay as the reference. In 222 patients, LFA showed poor sensitivity (55.9%) within two weeks from PCR, while later testing was more reliable (sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 93.1%). Moreover, in a subset of 100 patients, FIA showed high sensitivity (89.1%) and specificity (94.1%) after two weeks from PCR. The coupled application for the screening of 183 patients showed satisfactory concordance (K = 0.858). In conclusion, rapid serological tests were largely not useful for early diagnosis, but they showed good performance in later stages of infection. These could be useful for back-tracing and/or to identify potentially immune subjects.

scholarly journals Applying Biomimetic Principles to Thermoelectric Cooling Devices for Water Collection

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Kyle B Davidson ◽  
Bahram Asiabanpour ◽  
Zaid Almusaied
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooling ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Cooling Devices ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Ideal

The shortage of freshwater resources in the world has developed the need for sustainable, cost-effective technologies that can produce freshwater on a large scale. Current solutions often have extensive manufacturing requirements, or involve the use of large quantities of energy or toxic chemicals. Atmospheric water generating solutions that minimize the depletion of natural resources can be achieved by incorporating biomimetics, a classification of design inspired by nature. This research seeks to optimize thermoelectric cooling systems for use in water harvesting applications by analyzing the different factors that affect surface temperature and water condensation in TEC devices. Further experiments will be directed towards developing a robust, repeatable system, as well as an accurate measurement system. Surface modifications, device structure and orientation, and power generation will also be studied to better understand the ideal conditions for maximum water collection in thermoelectric cooling systems.

IS A LARGE-SCALE SCREENING FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE POSSIBLE? YES, IN A FEW YEARS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
F. Ribaldi ◽  
D. Altomare ◽  
G.B. Frisoni
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Era ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Recent Meeting ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Recent evidence on blood-based biomarkers is pointing the way towards a new era of large-scale, feasible, cost-effective and non-invasive screening for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This was one of the main focuses of the recent meeting of the European Union-North American Clinical Trials in AD (EU/US CTAD) Task Force, which took place in Barcelona in October 24-27, 2018, and convened drug and diagnostics developers from industry and academia in order to define a roadmap for the development and marketing of blood-based biomarkers (1).

Realtime Ultrasound Elastography Technique for Multifocal Breast Cancer Assessment

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Shavakh ◽  
Aaron Fenster ◽  
Abbas Samani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Multifocal Breast Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Phantom Studies

Early diagnosis and classification of breast cancer is a critical step in choosing appropriate treatment plan. An ultrasound (US) elastography method for unifocal and multifocal breast cancer is presented. While this technique uses full inversion approach, it is cost-effective, fast, and expected to be more sensitive and specific than conventional US based elastography methods. This technique is capable of imaging absolute Young’s modulus (YM) of the tumour in real-time fashion, in contrast with other conventional elastography techniques that image relative elastic modulus off-line. To validate the proposed technique, numerical and tissue mimicking phantom studies were conducted. In the tissue mimicking study, a block shape gelatine-agar phantom was constructed with a cylindrical inclusion located deep inside the phantom. Results obtained from this study show accurate reconstruction of the YM with average error of less than 3%. The numerical phantom study has been extended for multifocal cases with average errors less than 6%.

Neonatal Screening for Phenylketonuria: Evaluation of an Automated Enzymatic Method

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Keffler ◽  
R Denmeade ◽  
A Green
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Repeat Rate ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Blood Spot

An enzymatic assay for phenylalanine using phenylalanine dehydrogenase is available in kit form (Quantase™) for use with dried blood spot specimens and microtitre plates. The method has been automated by use of a sample processor and its performance and suitability for neonatal screening for phenylketonuria has been evaluated by comparison with the Guthrie bacteriological inhibition assay. The enzymatic method performed well with regard to precision and accuracy. It was able to differentiate between normal and raised phenylalanine concentrations for the purpose of screening, thus greatly reducing the repeat rate for equivocal results. There were, however, some concerns about its robustness for screening and its detection limit. The Quantase assay has the potential to be used as a large-scale routine neonatal screening method, if its use can be shown to be cost-effective.

scholarly journals Multi-Omics Analysis in Initiation and Progression of Meningiomas: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiachen Liu ◽  
Congcong Xia ◽  
Gaiqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Subsequent Intervention

Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors that can be cured by surgical resection in most cases. However, the most disconcerting is high-grade meningiomas, which frequently recur despite initial successful treatment, eventually conferring poor prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis and classification of meningioma is necessary for the subsequent intervention and an improved prognosis. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the potential of multi-omics study (including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics) for meningioma diagnosis and mechanistic links to potential pathological mechanism. This thesis addresses a neglected aspect of recent advances in the field of meningiomas at multiple omics levels, highlighting that the integration of multi-omics can reveal the mechanism of meningiomas, which provides a timely and necessary scientific basis for the treatment of meningiomas.

scholarly journals Feasibility of large-scale screening using N-ERC/mesothelin levels in the blood for the early diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOHTA IMASHIMIZU ◽  
KAZU SHIOMI ◽  
MASAHIRO MAEDA ◽  
NAOKO AOKI ◽  
KIYOKO IGARASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Screening

scholarly journals Classification of Coffee Beans by GC-C-IRMS, GC-MS, and1H-NMR

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Andrea Arana ◽  
Jessica Medina ◽  
Pierre Esseiva ◽  
Diego Pazos ◽  
Julien Wist
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Coffee Shops ◽  
Large Scale Screening

In a previous work using1H-NMR we reported encouraging steps towards the construction of a robust expert system for the discrimination of coffees from Colombia versus nearby countries (Brazil and Peru), to assist the recent protected geographical indication granted to Colombian coffee in 2007. This system relies on fingerprints acquired on a 400 MHz magnet and is thus well suited for small scale random screening of samples obtained at resellers or coffee shops. However, this approach cannot easily be implemented at harbour’s installations, due to the elevated operational costs of cryogenic magnets. This limitation implies shipping the samples to the NMR laboratory, making the overall approach slower and thereby more expensive and less attractive for large scale screening at harbours. In this work, we report on our attempt to obtain comparable classification results using alternative techniques that have been reported promising as an alternative to NMR: GC-MS and GC-C-IRMS. Although statistically significant information could be obtained by all three methods, the results show that the quality of the classifiers depends mainly on the number of variables included in the analysis; hence NMR provides an advantage since more molecules are detected to obtain a model with better predictions.

scholarly journals Development of high-resolution melting PCR (HRM-PCR) assay to identify native fungal species associated with the wheat endosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635
Author(s):  
Tomasz Cłapa ◽  
Katarzyna Mikołajczak ◽  
Lidia Błaszczyk ◽  
Dorota Narożna
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Abstract Understanding the complexity and biodiversity of fungal communities associated with the wheat endosphere can facilitate the identification of novel strains that might be beneficial to the host plant. However, the differentiation and taxonomic classification of the endosphere-associated fungi with respect to various cultivars and plant organs are challenging, time-consuming, and expensive, even with the use of molecular techniques. In the present work, we describe a fast, simple, and low-cost method based on high-resolution melting PCR (HRM-PCR) for the identification and differentiation of wheat endogenous fungal isolates. Using this approach, we differentiated 28 fungal isolates, which belonged to five different genera, namely Alternaria, Penicillium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Trichoderma. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that this method can allow large-scale screening of cultured samples.

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