scholarly journals Construction and Analysis of GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-2A Soybean Fatty Acid Desaturase Mutants Based on CRISPR/Cas9 Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Piwu Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Editing Efficiency

The soybean fatty acid desaturase family is composed of seven genes, but the function of each gene has not been reported. Bioinformatics was used to analyse the structure of genes in this family, as well as the correlation between Δ12-fatty acid desaturase II (FAD2) expression and oleic acid content on different days after flowering of soybean. In the present study, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to construct single and double mutant knockout vectors of functional genes in the FAD2 family. Analysis of the molecular biology and expression patterns of genes in the FAD2 family, namely, GmFAD2-1A (Glyma.10G278000) and GmFAD2-2A (Glyma.19G147300), showed that they had little homology with other soybean FAD2 genes, and that their function was slightly changed. Sequencing of the target showed that the editing efficiency of the GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-2A genes was 95% and 55.56%, respectively, and that the double mutant editing efficiency was 66.67%. The mutations were divided into two main types, as follows: base deletion and insertion. A near-infrared grain analyser determined the following results: In the T2 generation, the oleic acid content increased from 17.10% to 73.50%; the linoleic acid content decreased from 62.91% to 12.23%; the protein content increased from 37.69% to 41.16%; in the T3 generation, the oleic acid content increased from 19.15% to 72.02%; the linoleic acid content decreased from 56.58% to 17.27%. In addition, the protein content increased from 37.52% to 40.58% compared to that of the JN38 control variety.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF YIELD ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PECAN NUTS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 432d-432
Author(s):  
J.B. Storey ◽  
L.J. Grauke ◽  
Laurence Sistrunk ◽  
Tommy E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Kernel Color

Four cultivars of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] were studied for 3 years to determine if variations in yield influence fatty acid composition of kernels. Trees used in the study are part of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Historical Block, a test orchard planted in randomized block design with four blocks, having one single-tree replication per block and containing 36 cultivars. Four trees of each of four cultivars (`Cheyenne', `Mohawk', `Pawnee', and `Osage') were used in this test. Trees were in their 5th to 7th leaf from grafting and showed patterns of increasing yield over time for each cultivar. `Osage' was earliest to mature nuts each year and produced nuts with the lowest linoleic acid content. `Cheyenne' was latest to mature nuts and had nuts with the highest linoleic acid content. Oleic acid composition varied with yield in `Osage' and `Pawnee': as yield (kilogram/square decimeter trunk area) increased, oleic acid content decreased. Kernel color, as determined by a Hunter LabScan 5100 Spectrocolorimeter, varied in relation to fatty acid composition for `Osage' and `Pawnee': as oleic acid content increased, kernel lightness decreased. High oleic acid content and light kernel color are associated with high-quality pecans. The pattern of decreasing oleic acid content associated with increasing kernel lightness raises questions concerning the role kernel color evaluation should play in selecting high-quality pecan cultivars.

scholarly journals TILLING-by-Sequencing+ Reveals the Role of Novel Fatty Acid Desaturases (GmFAD2-2s) in Increasing Soybean Seed Oleic Acid Content

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Naoufal Lakhssassi ◽  
Valéria Stefania Lopes-Caitar ◽  
Dounya Knizia ◽  
Mallory A. Cullen ◽  
Oussama Badad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Tilling By Sequencing

Soybean is the second largest source of oil worldwide. Developing soybean varieties with high levels of oleic acid is a primary goal of the soybean breeders and industry. Edible oils containing high level of oleic acid and low level of linoleic acid are considered with higher oxidative stability and can be used as a natural antioxidant in food stability. All developed high oleic acid soybeans carry two alleles; GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-1B. However, when planted in cold soil, a possible reduction in seed germination was reported when high seed oleic acid derived from GmFAD2-1 alleles were used. Besides the soybean fatty acid desaturase (GmFAD2-1) subfamily, the GmFAD2-2 subfamily is composed of five members, including GmFAD2-2A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2E. Segmental duplication of GmFAD2-1A/GmFAD2-1B, GmFAD2-2A/GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2A/GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2D/GmFAD2-2C have occurred about 10.65, 27.04, 100.81, and 106.55 Mya, respectively. Using TILLING-by-Sequencing+ technology, we successfully identified 12, 8, 10, 9, and 19 EMS mutants at the GmFAD2-2A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2E genes, respectively. Functional analyses of newly identified mutants revealed unprecedented role of the five GmFAD2-2A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2E members in controlling the seed oleic acid content. Most importantly, unlike GmFAD2-1 members, subcellular localization revealed that members of the GmFAD2-2 subfamily showed a cytoplasmic localization, which may suggest the presence of an alternative fatty acid desaturase pathway in soybean for converting oleic acid content without substantially altering the traditional plastidial/ER fatty acid production.

Environmental effects on seed composition of Victorian canola

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Pritchard ◽  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
R. M. Norton ◽  
P. A. Salisbury ◽  
M. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Spring Temperatures

Data from advanced breeding experiments between 1985 and 1994 were used to determine the effects of region, year and environment on the quality of canola grown across Victoria. Estimates from these unbalanced data were made using residual maximum likelihood. Environmental effects were large relative to cultivar effects for oil and protein content, while the reverse occurred for glucosinolate content. High oil contents (and low seed protein contents) were correlated with cooler spring temperatures and higher spring rainfall. Oil contents were lowest, on average, in canola grown in dry years, or from the hotter regions, such as the Mallee, and were highest in canola from the cooler, wetter regions, such as south-western and north-eastern Victoria. Fatty acid composition varied with year and region. Means for saturated fatty acid content averaged 6.4 0.1%. The oleic acid content averaged 60.3 0.4% and was higher in canola grown in central Victoria and the Wimmera, and in most years, in north-eastern Victoria compared with other regions. Low temperatures and low rainfall reduced oleic acid content. Linoleic acid content averaged 19.7 0.3% and linolenic acid averaged 10.4 0.3%, with the content of these fatty acids negatively correlated with the content of oleic acid. Erucic acid levels were below 0.6% in all regions.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics and Expression Pattern Analysis of Soybean Fatty Acid Desaturase Family Gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Xiangbo Yang ◽  
Dianyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Soybean Fatty Acid ◽  
Structural Differences

Abstract Background To clarify the homology and structural differences of seven genes in the soybean fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) family and the relationship between the expression level of each gene and oleic acid content at different stages of grain development, the seven genes in this family were studied through informatics analysis and evaluation of expression patterns.Results Database analysis, phylogenetic tree analysis, transmembrane structure prediction, amino acid sequence alignment, intron exon structure analysis, and protein motif analysis were performed for seven genes in the FAD2 family. The results showed that GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-2b and Other genes are structurally different, and it is speculated that their functions also have weak changes. By analyzing gene expression patterns at different stages of soybean grain development, the expression levels of the family genes at different stages of grain development first increase, then decrease, and finally decrease. For stability, the correlation analysis showed that the gene expression was negatively correlated with oleic acid content, and the correlation coefficients of GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-2b were the largest, showing a significant negative correlation.Conclusions Bioinformatics and expression analysis of genes in the FAD2 family. Identify the structural differences of each gene, and the differences in expression levels at different stages of soybean variety and grain development, and initially identify the differences in function size and catalytic efficiency between genes, in order to create new high-oleic soybean varieties using genetic engineering Quality, providing a theoretical basis.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics and Expression Pattern Analysis of Soybean Fatty Acid Desaturase Family Gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Xiangbo Yang ◽  
Dianyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Soybean Fatty Acid ◽  
Structural Differences

Abstract Background To clarify the homology and structural differences of seven genes in the soybean fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) family and the relationship between the expression level of each gene and oleic acid content at different stages of grain development, the seven genes in this family were studied through informatics analysis and evaluation of expression patterns.Results Database analysis, phylogenetic tree analysis, transmembrane structure prediction, amino acid sequence alignment, intron exon structure analysis, and protein motif analysis were performed for seven genes in the FAD2 family. The results showed that GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-2b and Other genes are structurally different, and it is speculated that their functions also have weak changes. By analyzing gene expression patterns at different stages of soybean grain development, the expression levels of the family genes at different stages of grain development first increase, then decrease, and finally decrease. For stability, the correlation analysis showed that the gene expression was negatively correlated with oleic acid content, and the correlation coefficients of GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-2b were the largest, showing a significant negative correlation.Conclusions Bioinformatics and expression analysis of genes in the FAD2 family. Identify the structural differences of each gene, and the differences in expression levels at different stages of soybean variety and grain development, and initially identify the differences in function size and catalytic efficiency between genes, in order to create new high-oleic soybean varieties using genetic engineering Quality, providing a theoretical basis.

scholarly journals Variation in fatty acid content and composition among Iranian fennel landraces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keivan Bahmani ◽  
Ali Izady- Darbandi ◽  
Azam Akbari ◽  
Ryan Warner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Early Maturing

One of the factors determining drug quality in bitter fennel is the types and quantities of fatty acids stored in the seeds. We measured the fatty acid content of 50 Iranian fennel landraces. Fatty acid concentration of the 50 fennel landraces ranged from 9.5 to 23% of seed mass, and the highest amounts of fatty acid content among the early maturing races belonged to Hamedan and Arak (19.5 and 18.5%, respectively), among the medium maturing races to Marvdasht, Kohn and Meshkin Shahr (23, 20.5 and 19%, respectively), and among the late-maturing races to Sari (21%). The highest fatty acid yields belonged to Fasa (65.3 ml/m2) among the early maturing races, Meshkin Shahr and Moqhan (92.5 and 85.4 ml/m2) among the medium maturing races, and Sari (71.4 ml/m2) among the late-maturing races. The main compositions of fatty acids, measured in twelve of the landraces, were oleic acid (52-64%), linoleic acid (26-39%), palmitic acid (0.3-4.1%), stearic acid (1.3-2.4%), linolenic acid (0.6-3.6%) and myristic acid (0.35-1.07%). It was observed that landraces with high oleic acid content originated from regions with a dry and warm climate, while landraces with high linoleic acid content originated from regions with a humid and cool climate. Understanding relationships between the fatty acid profile and landrace origin climate may improve the efficiency of identifying landraces with specific fennel chemotypes. In conclusion, these results indicate that some of these fennel landraces have the potential to be complementary sources of certain fatty acids, such as oleic and linoleic acids.

Enhanced Oleic Acid Content in the Soybean Mutant M23 Is Associated with the Deletion in the Fad2-1a Gene Encoding a Fatty Acid Desaturase

2007 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devinder Sandhu ◽  
Jessie L. Alt ◽  
Curtis W. Scherder ◽  
Walter R. Fehr ◽  
Madan K. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Gene Encoding
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