scholarly journals The Yin and Yang of Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Genes: Insights from Neurogenesis and Carcinogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokun Zhou ◽  
Yiqiang Zhi ◽  
Jurui Yu ◽  
Dan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Primary Microcephaly ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Yin And Yang ◽  
The Common ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly

The stem cells of neurogenesis and carcinogenesis share many properties, including proliferative rate, an extensive replicative potential, the potential to generate different cell types of a given tissue, and an ability to independently migrate to a damaged area. This is also evidenced by the common molecular principles regulating key processes associated with cell division and apoptosis. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurogenic mitotic disorder that is characterized by decreased brain size and mental retardation. Until now, a total of 25 genes have been identified that are known to be associated with MCPH. The inactivation (yin) of most MCPH genes leads to neurogenesis defects, while the upregulation (yang) of some MCPH genes is associated with different kinds of carcinogenesis. Here, we try to summarize the roles of MCPH genes in these two diseases and explore the underlying mechanisms, which will help us to explore new, attractive approaches to targeting tumor cells that are resistant to the current therapies.

scholarly journals Molecular and Cellular Basis of Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Barbelanne ◽  
William Y. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Primary Microcephaly ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Early Brain Development ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly

Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a marked reduction in brain size and intellectual disability. MCPH is genetically heterogeneous and can exhibit additional clinical features that overlap with related disorders including Seckel syndrome, Meier-Gorlin syndrome, and microcephalic osteodysplastic dwarfism. In this review, we discuss the key proteins mutated in MCPH. To date, MCPH-causing mutations have been identified in twelve different genes, many of which encode proteins that are involved in cell cycle regulation or are present at the centrosome, an organelle crucial for mitotic spindle assembly and cell division. We highlight recent findings on MCPH proteins with regard to their role in cell cycle progression, centrosome function, and early brain development.

scholarly journals A missense mutation in the PISA domain of HsSAS-6 causes autosomal recessive primary microcephaly in a large consanguineous Pakistani family

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (22) ◽  
pp. 5940-5949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzammil A. Khan ◽  
Verena M. Rupp ◽  
Meritxell Orpinell ◽  
Muhammad S. Hussain ◽  
Janine Altmüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missense Mutation ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Pakistani Family ◽  
Primary Microcephaly ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly

scholarly journals LSD induces increased signalling entropy in rats' prefrontal cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Savino ◽  
Charles D Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Entropy ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Different Cell Types

Psychedelic drugs are gaining attention from the scientific community as potential new compounds for the treatment of psychiatric diseases such as mood and substance use disorders. The 5-HT2A receptor has been identified as the main molecular target, and early studies pointed to an effect on the expression of neuroplasticity genes. Analysing RNA-seq data from the prefrontal cortex of rats chronically treated with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), we describe the psychedelic-induced rewiring of gene co-expression networks, which become less centralized but more complex, with an overall increase in signalling entropy, typical of highly plastic systems. Intriguingly, signalling entropy mirrors, at the molecular level, the increased brain entropy reported through neuroimaging studies in human, suggesting the underlying mechanisms of higher-order phenomena. Moreover, from the analysis of network topology we identify potential transcriptional regulators and imply different cell types in psychedelics' activity.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Mitochondria in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Obrador ◽  
Rosario Salvador ◽  
Rafael López-Blanch ◽  
Ali Jihad-Jebbar ◽  
Soraya L. Vallés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron (MN) disease. Its primary cause remains elusive, although a combination of different causal factors cannot be ruled out. There is no cure, and prognosis is poor. Most patients with ALS die due to disease-related complications, such as respiratory failure, within three years of diagnosis. While the underlying mechanisms are unclear, different cell types (microglia, astrocytes, macrophages and T cell subsets) appear to play key roles in the pathophysiology of the disease. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress pave the way leading to neurodegeneration and MN death. ALS-associated mitochondrial dysfunction occurs at different levels, and these organelles are involved in the mechanism of MN death. Molecular and cellular interactions are presented here as a sequential cascade of events. Based on our present knowledge, the discussion leads to the idea that feasible therapeutic strategies should focus in interfering with the pathophysiology of the disease at different steps.

scholarly journals Icaritin: A Novel Natural Candidate for Hematological Malignancies Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jing Yang ◽  
Ya-Ming Xi ◽  
Zi-Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herb ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Hematological malignancies including leukemia and lymphoma can severely impact human health. With the current therapies combined with chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, the prognosis of hematologic malignancies improved significantly. However, most hematological malignancies are still incurable. Therefore, research for novel treatment options was continuing with the natural product as one source. Icaritin is a compound extracted from a traditional Chinese herb,Epimedium Genus, and demonstrated an antitumor effect in various neoplasms including hematological malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. In hematological malignancies, icaritin showed multiple cytotoxic effects to induce apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle, inhibit proliferation, promote differentiation, restrict metastasis and infiltration, and suppress the oncogenic virus. The proved underlying mechanisms of the cytotoxic effects of icaritin are different in various cell types of hematological malignancies but associated with the critical cell signal pathway, including PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT3, and MAPK/ERK/JNK. Although the primary target of icaritin is still unspecified, the existing evidence indicates that icaritin is a potential novel therapeutic agent for neoplasms as with hematological malignancies. Here, in the field of hematology, we reviewed the reported activity of icaritin in hematologic malignancies and the underlying mechanisms and recognized icaritin as a candidate for therapy of hematological malignancies.

Mutation Analysis of the ASPM Gene in 18 Pakistani Families With Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwana Kousar ◽  
Hira Nawaz ◽  
Maryam Khurshid ◽  
Ghazanfer Ali ◽  
Saad Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Primary Microcephaly ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly ◽  
Pakistani Families

Mucopolysaccharidosis in Adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Hendriksz ◽  
Francois Karstens
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
System P ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Different Cell Types

There are 8 different types of diseases of the mucopolysaccharides, each caused by a deficiency in one of 10 different enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Partially degraded GAGs accumulate within the lysosomes of many different cell types and lead to clinical symptoms and excretion of large amounts of GAGs in the urine. Heritability is autosomal recessive except for MPS type II, which is X-linked. The disorders are chronic and progressive and, although the specific types all have their individual features, they share an abundance of clinical similarities. All involve the musculoskeletal, the cardiovascular, the pulmonary and the central nervous system.

Genetic studies of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly in 33 Pakistani families: novel sequence variants in ASPM gene

Neurogenetics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Gul ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Saqib Mahmood ◽  
Wenje Chen ◽  
Safa Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Primary Microcephaly ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly ◽  
Pakistani Families
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