The Malignant Role of Exosomes as Nanocarriers of Rare RNA Species

Nowadays, advancements in the oncology sector regarding diagnosis methods allow us to specifically detect an increased number of cancer patients, some of them in incipient stages. However, one of the main issues consists of the invasive character of most of the diagnosis protocols or complex medical procedures associated with it, that impedes part of the patients to undergo routine checkups. Therefore, in order to increase the number of cancer cases diagnosed in incipient stages, other minimally invasive alternatives must be considered. The current review paper presents the value of rare RNA species isolated from circulatory exosomes as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis or even therapeutic intervention. Rare RNAs are most of the time overlooked in current research in favor of the more abundant RNA species like microRNAs. However, their high degree of stability, low variability and, for most of them, conservation across species could shift the interest toward these types of RNAs. Moreover, due to their low abundance, the variation interval in terms of the number of sequences with differential expression between samples from healthy individuals and cancer patients is significantly diminished and probably easier to interpret in a clinical context.

Download Full-text

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000440 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (3-4) ◽

pp. 127-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zeshan Ali ◽

Zhenbin Wang ◽

Rai Muhammad Amir ◽

Shoaib Younas ◽

Asif Wali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Structure ◽

Review Paper ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Active Role ◽

Current Review ◽

Different Types ◽

Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

Download Full-text

Role of Nanoparticles in Latent Fingerprinting: An Update

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience ◽

10.33263/lianbs93.14271443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1427-1443

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Forensic Science ◽

Review Paper ◽

Crime Scene ◽

Latent Fingerprints ◽

Electrical And Optical Properties ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Left Behind ◽

Current Review

Nanotechnology is an escalating branch whose feelers are mesmerizing nearly every field of science. It is the evolving field in forensic science, the advancement of emergent techniques of nanoparticles being unified with latent fingerprinting. The size of nanomaterials made them unique and have adjustable mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. At the crime scene, the prints that are left behind are generally latent (invisible) fingerprints. The Current review paper encompasses the synthesis of nanoparticles from conventional and advances synthetic pathways. Their applications, with and without modifications and their impacts on the enhancement of latent fingerprints, have also been discussed.

Download Full-text

Non-Linguistic Factors in Oral Language Productivity

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1969.29.3.871 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 871-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Meredith D. Gall ◽

Amos K. Hobby ◽

Kenneth H. Craik

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Oral Language ◽

Specific Role ◽

Visual Displays ◽

Significant Extent ◽

Men And Women ◽

Personality Variables ◽

Degree Of Stability ◽

High Degree

Individual differences in oral language productivity were assessed by word counts of Ss' spoken descriptions of 9 different visual displays. Women attained higher word counts than men in 8 of their 9 descriptions, in 3 instances to a statistically significant extent. Individual differences in oral language productivity showed a moderately high degree of stability across situations. The pattern of correlations between oral language productivity and personality variables differed in the samples of men and women. The sex-specific and situation-specific role of personality variables in oral language productivity is illustrated and discussed.

Download Full-text

MiR-144: A New Possible Therapeutic Target in Cancers

10.20944/preprints202003.0034.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Omid Kooshkaki ◽

Zohre Rezaei ◽

Meysam Rahmati ◽

Parviz Vahedi ◽

Afshin Derakhshani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Therapeutic Target ◽

Target Genes ◽

Chromosomal Region ◽

Tumor Proliferation ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Aberrant Expression ◽

Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and non-coding RNAs displaying aberrant expression in the tissue and plasma of cancer patients in comparison to healthy individuals. In past decades, accumulating data proposed that miRNAs could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients. It has been identified that miRNAs can act either as oncogenes through silencing of tumor inhibitors or tumor suppressor via targeting oncoproteins. MiR-144 is located in chromosomal region 17q11.2 that was widely destroyed in many types of cancers. Several studies revealed that miR-144 has different target genes including rapamycin, zonula occludens1, SFRP1, and ANO1. MiR-144 acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene by targeting specific genes. In this review, we define the role of miR‐144 and its targets in different cancers and provide understanding in tumor proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.

Download Full-text

The Role of Clinical Hypnosis & VR in Special Education

International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering Science & IT (iJES) ◽

10.3991/ijes.v9i4.26147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 4-18

Author(s):

Athanasios Drigas ◽

Eleni Mitsea ◽

Charalabos Skianis

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Problems ◽

Review Paper ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Learning Difficulties ◽

Clinical Intervention ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Current Review ◽

Wide Range ◽

Clinical Hypnosis

Clinical hypnosis is becoming increasingly recognized as a valuable clinical intervention for a wide range of psychological and medical problems. The current review paper seeks to determine the role of clinical hypnosis in learning difficulties, emotional or behavioral problems and physical disabilities. In addition, we co-examine the effectiveness of virtual/augmented reality hypnosis. Finally, we discuss the possible uses of clinical hypnosis within the educational settings. The results showed that hypnosis may hold the keys for new types of metacognitive strategies based on non-verbal pathways of effortless self-regulation.

Download Full-text

Multimodality Imaging of Tumour Thrombus

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal ◽

10.1016/j.carj.2014.11.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 121-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Saurabh Rohatgi ◽

Stephanie A. Howard ◽

Sree Harsha Tirumani ◽

Nikhil H. Ramaiya ◽

Katherine M. Krajewski

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Review Paper ◽

Multimodality Imaging ◽

Vascular Thrombosis ◽

Tumour Thrombus

Vascular thrombosis occurs commonly in cancer patients. Once the diagnosis of thrombosis is established, it is important to characterize the nature of thrombus, tumoural versus bland, as each have a different prognosis, clinical significance, and management. This review paper discusses the imaging spectrum of tumour thrombus and its clinical significance emphasizing the role of imaging in differentiating tumour from bland thrombus.

Download Full-text

Hydroxyl Radical Damaged Thymidine-5’-Monophophate Presents Unique Epitopes for Cancer Antibodies

The Open Cancer Immunology Journal ◽

10.2174/1876401000902010010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rizwan Ahmad ◽

Zafar Rasheed ◽

Rashid Ali

Keyword(s):

Hydroxyl Radical ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Protein A ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Direct Binding ◽

High Degree

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in carcinogenesis and hydroxyl radical (OH) contributes to the structural changes in DNA that characterize the cancer like phenotype. The role of hydroxyl radical (OH) damaged thymidine 5'-monophosphate (TMP) in cancer patients has been investigated in the present study. TMP was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and then TMP-BSA conjugate was modified by hydroxyl radicals. Cancer patients (n = 99) were screened by direct binding ELISA for the detection of antibodies against native and ROS-modified conjugates and the results were compared with healthy age-matched controls (n = 29). High degree of specific binding by cancer serum antibodies towards ROS modified TMP-BSA conjugate, in comparison to unmodified conjugate (p<0.05) was observed. Healthy individuals showed negligible binding with either antigen. Competitive inhibition ELISA reiterates the direct binding results. Protein-A affinity purified IgG from cancer patients further substantiated the enhanced recognition towards modified conjugate as compared to unmodified conjugate. The present study clearly shows the perturbation in TMP-BSA conjugate by hydroxyl radical presenting unique neo-epitopes on TMP that might from one of the factors in antigen driven induction of antibodies in cancer patients.

Download Full-text