scholarly journals Nanomaterials for Antiangiogenic Therapies for Cancer: A Promising Tool for Personalized Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Hashem O. Alsaab ◽  
Alanoud S. Al-Hibs ◽  
Rami Alzhrani ◽  
Khawlah K. Alrabighi ◽  
Aljawharah Alqathama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cancer ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Antiangiogenic Therapies ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
And Control

Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Several studies have shown that vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) plays a leading role in angiogenesis progression. Antiangiogenic medication has gained substantial recognition and is commonly administered in many forms of human cancer, leading to a rising interest in cancer therapy. However, this treatment method can lead to a deteriorating outcome of resistance, invasion, distant metastasis, and overall survival relative to its cytotoxicity. Furthermore, there are significant obstacles in tracking the efficacy of antiangiogenic treatments by incorporating positive biomarkers into clinical settings. These shortcomings underline the essential need to identify additional angiogenic inhibitors that target numerous angiogenic factors or to develop a new method for drug delivery of current inhibitors. The great benefits of nanoparticles are their potential, based on their specific properties, to be effective mechanisms that concentrate on the biological system and control various important functions. Among various therapeutic approaches, nanotechnology has emerged as a new strategy for treating different cancer types. This article attempts to demonstrate the huge potential for targeted nanoparticles and their molecular imaging applications. Notably, several nanoparticles have been developed and engineered to demonstrate antiangiogenic features. This nanomedicine could effectively treat a number of cancers using antiangiogenic therapies as an alternative approach. We also discuss the latest antiangiogenic and nanotherapeutic strategies and highlight tumor vessels and their microenvironments.

scholarly journals Oncolytic Viruses: The Power of Directed Evolution

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Bauzon ◽  
Terry W. Hermiston
Keyword(s):  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Oncolytic Virus ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
And Control

Attempts at developing oncolytic viruses have been primarily based on rational design. However, this approach has been met with limited success. An alternative approach employs directed evolution as a means of producing highly selective and potent anticancer viruses. In this method, diverse viruses are grown under conditions that maximize diversity and then passaged under conditions meant to mimic those encountered in the human cancer microenvironment. Viruses which evolve to thrive under this selective pressure are isolated and tested to identify those with increased potency (i.e., ability to replicate and spread) and/or an increased therapeutic window (i.e., differentiated replication and spread on tumor versus normal cells), both of which have potential value but the latter of which defines an oncolytic virus. Using ColoAd1, an oncolytic virus derived by this approach as a prototype, we highlight the benefits of directed evolution, discuss methods to “arm” these novel viruses, and introduce techniques for their genetic modulation and control.

scholarly journals Building knowledge from the margins: information, knowledge and social movements

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Marí Sáez
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

The social theory that has been constructed in Latin America in the past twenty years, proposes an alternative to the traditional criteria of science boundaries. This alternative approach, oriented towards social emancipation, is gaining ground over the predominant tendency, which is to subsume knowledge into an intensive process of commoditization. Anti-globalist movements are amongst the social players that have a leading role in the development of new ways of building knowledge. These movements act based on a new relationship between processes of social change, knowledge-building and the meaning and direction of communication. In this context, communication and information cease to be instruments for the regulation and control of social behavior. The tensions arising from the market and the predominating, inherited communication models go against research concerned with building meanings and viewpoints that are alternatives to the predominant ones. The new, emerging approaches tend to strengthen bidirectional relationships between communication and social transformation.

On-Surface Radical Oligomerisation: A New Approach to STM Tip-Induced Reactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaolei Zhan ◽  
Younes Makoudi ◽  
Judicael Jeannoutot ◽  
Simon Lamare ◽  
Michel Féron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Surface ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling Microscope ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organic Nanostructures ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Surface Fabrication ◽  
And Control

Over the past decade, on-surface fabrication of organic nanostructures has been widely investigated for the development of molecular electronic devices, nanomachines, and new materials. Here, we introduce a new strategy to obtain alkyl oligomers in a controlled manner using on-surface radical oligomerisations that are triggered by the electrons/holes between the sample surface and the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope. The resulting radical-mediated mechanism is substantiated by a detailed theoretical study. This electron transfer event only occurs when <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> < -3 V or <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> > + 3 V and allows access to reactive radical species under exceptionally mild conditions. This transfer can effectively ‘switch on’ a sequence leading to formation of oligomers of defined size distribution due to the on-surface confinement of reactive species. Our approach enables new ways to initiate and control radical oligomerisations with tunnelling electrons, leading to molecularly precise nanofabrication.

scholarly journals Cellular Fitness Phenotypes of Cancer Target Genes from Oncobiology to Cancer Therapeutics

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Bijesh George ◽  
P. Mukundan Pillai ◽  
Aswathy Mary Paul ◽  
Revikumar Amjesh ◽  
Kim Leitzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Survival Duration ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Targeted Therapeutics ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Types

To define the growing significance of cellular targets and/or effectors of cancer drugs, we examined the fitness dependency of cellular targets and effectors of cancer drug targets across human cancer cells from 19 cancer types. We observed that the deletion of 35 out of 47 cellular effectors and/or targets of oncology drugs did not result in the expected loss of cell fitness in appropriate cancer types for which drugs targeting or utilizing these molecules for their actions were approved. Additionally, our analysis recognized 43 cellular molecules as fitness genes in several cancer types in which these drugs were not approved, and thus, providing clues for repurposing certain approved oncology drugs in such cancer types. For example, we found a widespread upregulation and fitness dependency of several components of the mevalonate and purine biosynthesis pathways (currently targeted by bisphosphonates, statins, and pemetrexed in certain cancers) and an association between the overexpression of these molecules and reduction in the overall survival duration of patients with breast and other hard-to-treat cancers, for which such drugs are not approved. In brief, the present analysis raised cautions about off-target and undesirable effects of certain oncology drugs in a subset of cancers where the intended cellular effectors of drug might not be good fitness genes and that this study offers a potential rationale for repurposing certain approved oncology drugs for targeted therapeutics in additional cancer types.

scholarly journals Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) expression and prognostic analysis in breast, lung, liver, and ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Tabassum ◽  
Md. Nazmus Samdani ◽  
Tarak Chandra Dhali ◽  
Rahat Alam ◽  
Foysal Ahammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Prognostic Analysis ◽  
Cancer Types

Abstract Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) is a transporter protein that represent tumor antigen in the MHC I or HLA complex. Any defect in the TAP1 gene resulting in inadequate tumor tracking. TAP1 influences multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancer cell lines and hinders the treatment during chemotherapeutic. The association of TAP1 in cancer progression remains mostly unknown and further study of the gene in relation with cancer need to conduct. Thus, the study has designed to analyze the association between the TAP1 with cancer by computationally. The expression pattern of the gene has determined by using ONCOMINE, GENT2, and GEPIA2 online platforms. The protein level of TAP1 was examined by the help of Human Protein Atlas. Samples with different clinical outcomes were investigated to evaluate the expression and promoter methylation in cancer vs. normal tissues by using UALCAN server. The copy number alteration, mutation frequency, and expression level of the gene in different cancer were analyzed by using cBioPortal server. The PrognoScan and KM plotter platforms were used to perform the survival analysis and represented graphically. Additionally, pathway and gene ontology (GO) features correlated to the TAP1 gene were analyzed and presented by bar charts. After arranging the data in a single panel like correlating expression to prognosis, mutational and alterations characteristic, and pathways analysis, we observed some interesting insights that emphasized the importance of the gene in cancer progression. The study found the relationship between the TAP1 expression pattern and prognosis in different cancer tissues and shows how TAP1 affects the clinical characteristics. The analytical data presented in the study is vital to learn about the effect of TAP1 in tumor tissue, where previously studies showing contradicting expression of TAP1 in cancer tissue. The analyzed data can also be utilized further to evade the threats against chemotherapy. Overall, the study provided a new aspect to consider the role of TAP1 gene in cancer progression and survival status. Key messages • This study demonstrated, for the first time, a correlation between the TAP1 gene and tumor progression. • An upregulation of TAP1 mRNA was demonstrated in various cancer types. • This study reported a significant negative correlation for TAP1 gene expression and the survival rate in different cancer types.

Application Of LIF Technique In The Diagnosis Of Some Human Cancer Types

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. El-Hussein ◽  
H. Ismail ◽  
A. K. Kasem ◽  
M. A. Harith ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Harith
Keyword(s):  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types

Plant MicroRNAs Responsive to Fungal Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li Zhang ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Wen Na Li ◽  
Li Li Wang ◽  
Hong Yu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Disease Mechanism ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
And Control

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs transcribed from non-coding DNA, which have the capacity to base pair with the target mRNAs (messenger RNAs) to repress their translation or resulted in cleavage. We have paid much attention on the DNA and its coded proteins, the discovery of miRNAs as gene negatively regulators has led to a fundamental change in understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants. Fungal pathogens infection is the main cause of most economic crops diseases. Unlike humans, plants don’t evolved to have a adaptive immune system, they protect themselves with a mechanism consists of activation and response. Recently, high throughput sequencing validated that miRNA play a crucial role in plant-fungus interaction. A better understanding of miRNA-mediated disease mechanism in fungi should clarify the strategy of crop disease control. MiRNA-based manipulations as gene suppressors, such as artificial miRNAs, may emerge as a new alternative approach for the improvement of crops and control of crop disease.

scholarly journals Regulatory mechanisms of phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)-3

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1305-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rubio ◽  
Maja Köhn
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Tumor Metastases ◽  
Phosphatase Of Regenerating Liver ◽  
Incomplete Picture

The phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)-3 is overexpressed in many human cancer types and tumor metastases when compared with healthy tissues. Different pathways and mechanisms have been suggested to modulate PRL-3 expression levels and activity, giving some valuable insights but still leaving an incomplete picture. Investigating these mechanisms could provide new targets for therapeutic drug development. Here, we present an updated overview and summarize recent findings concerning the different PRL-3 expression regulatory mechanisms and posttranslational modifications suggested to modulate the activity, localization, or stability of this phosphatase.

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