scholarly journals Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial and Fungal Degradation of Pyrene: Mechanism Pathway Including Biochemical Reaction and Catabolic Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8202
Author(s):  
Ali Mohamed Elyamine ◽  
Jie Kan ◽  
Shanshan Meng ◽  
Peng Tao ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Microbial Biodegradation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Microbial biodegradation is one of the acceptable technologies to remediate and control the pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Several bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria strains have been isolated and used for bioremediation purpose. This review paper is intended to provide key information on the various steps and actors involved in the bacterial and fungal aerobic and anaerobic degradation of pyrene, a high molecular weight PAH, including catabolic genes and enzymes, in order to expand our understanding on pyrene degradation. The aerobic degradation pathway by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PRY-1 and Mycobactetrium sp. KMS and the anaerobic one, by the facultative bacteria anaerobe Pseudomonas sp. JP1 and Klebsiella sp. LZ6 are reviewed and presented, to describe the complete and integrated degradation mechanism pathway of pyrene. The different microbial strains with the ability to degrade pyrene are listed, and the degradation of pyrene by consortium is also discussed. The future studies on the anaerobic degradation of pyrene would be a great initiative to understand and address the degradation mechanism pathway, since, although some strains are identified to degrade pyrene in reduced or total absence of oxygen, the degradation pathway of more than 90% remains unclear and incomplete. Additionally, the present review recommends the use of the combination of various strains of anaerobic fungi and a fungi consortium and anaerobic bacteria to achieve maximum efficiency of the pyrene biodegradation mechanism.

Total microbial activity and microbial composition of a mangrove sediment are reduced by oil pollution at a site in the Arabian Gulf

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A El-Tarabily
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Soluble Fractions

In a study carried out to determine the effect of oil pollution on the microbiota of sediment associated with mangroves in the United Arab Emirates, sediment samples were collected from oil-polluted and nonpolluted mangrove sites. The levels of the total recoverable hydrocarbons and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons assayed were noticeably higher in the polluted sediment. Microbial activity as measured by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and by the total populations of the culturable aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, streptomycete and non-streptomycete actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi and yeasts was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the polluted than in the nonpolluted sediment. The estimated total aerobic and anaerobic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the polluted than in the nonpolluted sediments. Four days after the addition of the water-soluble fractions of the light Arabian crude oil to the nonpolluted sediment, at 10 different concentrations, there was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction (65%) in the microbial activity of the sediment compared with that of nonamended sediment. Concentrations of water-soluble fractions at 0.1% and above significantly and progressively reduced microbial activity, with total cessation of activity recorded at levels >50%. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of oil pollution on aerobic and anaerobic microbial flora of sediment of mangrove communities.Key words: crude oil, fluorescein diacetate, anaerobic bacteria, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, United Arab Emirates.

Dip Application of Phosphates and Marinade Mix on Shelf Life of Vacuum-Packaged Chicken Breast Fillets

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1701-1703
Author(s):  
HANNAH BUSES ◽  
LESLIE THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Raw Poultry ◽  
And Control ◽  
Broiler Breast ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Control Samples

The effects of the dip application of a marinade on the shelf life of refrigerated raw vacuum-packaged broiler breast fillets simulating a retail product were evaluated over a 28-day period (at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) through enumeration of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and total coliforms. Treatment effectively extended shelf life by ca. 14 days (with shelf lives of 28 and 14 days for dipped and control samples, respectively). Coliform growth was inhibited by the treatment, as indicated by counts of 1.6 and 7.4 log CFU/g for dipped and control fillets, respectively, on day 28. Initial coliform counts were similar for both types of fillets on day 0, averaging 2.0 log CFU/g. The data obtained in this study suggest that the dip application of a phosphate-spicemarinade prior to the vacuum packaging of raw poultry may be an effective means of extending the shelf life and possibly improving the safety of raw poultry while providing value-added convenience and flavor.

scholarly journals The 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-Naphthoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase Reaction in the Anaerobic Degradation of Naphthalene and Identification of Downstream Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Weyrauch ◽  
Isabelle Heker ◽  
Andrey V. Zaytsev ◽  
Christian A. von Hagen ◽  
Meike E. Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Naphthalene Degradation ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Coa Reductase

ABSTRACT Anaerobic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been investigated mostly with naphthalene as a model compound. Naphthalene degradation by sulfate-reducing bacteria proceeds via carboxylation to 2-naphthoic acid, formation of a coenzyme A thioester, and subsequent reduction to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthoyl-coenzyme A (THNCoA), which is further reduced to hexahydro-2-naphthoyl-CoA (HHNCoA) by tetrahydronaphthoyl-CoA reductase (THNCoA reductase), an enzyme similar to class I benzoyl-CoA reductases. When analyzing THNCoA reductase assays with crude cell extracts and NADH as electron donor via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), scanning for putative metabolites, we found that small amounts of the product of an HHNCoA hydratase were formed in the assays, but the downstream conversion by an NAD+-dependent β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase was prevented by the excess of NADH in those assays. Experiments with alternative electron donors indicated that 2-oxoglutarate can serve as an indirect electron donor for the THNCoA-reducing system via a 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. With 2-oxoglutarate as electron donor, THNCoA was completely converted and further metabolites resulting from subsequent β-oxidation-like reactions and hydrolytic ring cleavage were detected. These metabolites indicate a downstream pathway with water addition to HHNCoA and ring fission via a hydrolase acting on a β’-hydroxy-β-oxo-decahydro-2-naphthoyl-CoA intermediate. Formation of the downstream intermediate cis-2-carboxycyclohexylacetyl-CoA, which is the substrate for the previously described lower degradation pathway leading to the central metabolism, completes the anaerobic degradation pathway of naphthalene. IMPORTANCE Anaerobic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is poorly investigated despite its significance in anoxic sediments. Using alternative electron donors for the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthoyl-CoA reductase reaction, we observed intermediary metabolites of anaerobic naphthalene degradation via in vitro enzyme assays with cell extracts of anaerobic naphthalene degraders. The identified metabolites provide evidence that ring reduction terminates at the stage of hexahydro-2-naphthoyl-CoA and a sequence of β-oxidation-like degradation reactions starts with a hydratase acting on this intermediate. The final product of this reaction sequence was identified as cis-2-carboxycyclohexylacetyl-CoA, a compound for which a further downstream degradation pathway has recently been published (P. Weyrauch, A. V. Zaytsev, S. Stephan, L. Kocks, et al., Environ Microbiol 19:2819–2830, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13806). Our study reveals the first ring-cleaving reaction in the anaerobic naphthalene degradation pathway. It closes the gap between the reduction of the first ring of 2-naphthoyl-CoA by 2-napthoyl-CoA reductase and the lower degradation pathway starting from cis-2-carboxycyclohexylacetyl-CoA, where the second ring cleavage takes place.

scholarly journals Reduction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sesame Oil Using Cellulosic Aerogel

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Do-Yeong Kim ◽  
Boram Kim ◽  
Han-Seung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
And Control

The effect of cellulosic aerogel treatments used for adsorption of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)—benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene [BaP])—generated during the manufacture of sesame oil was evaluated. In this study, eulalia (Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens)-based cellulosic aerogel (adsorbent) was prepared and used high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for determination of PAHs in sesame oil. In addition, changes in the sesame oil quality parameters (acid value, peroxide value, color, and fatty acid composition) following cellulosic aerogel treatment were also evaluated. The four PAHs and their total levels decreased in sesame oil samples roasted under different conditions (p < 0.05) following treatment with cellulosic aerogel. In particular, highly carcinogenic BaP was not detected after treatment with cellulosic aerogel. Moreover, there were no noticeable quality changes in the quality parameters between treated and control samples. It was concluded that eulalia-based cellulosic aerogel proved suitable for the reduction of PAHs from sesame oil and can be used as an eco-friendly adsorbent.

scholarly journals Insights into functional and evolutionary analysis of carbaryl metabolic pathway from Pseudomonas sp. strain C5pp

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas D. Trivedi ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jangir ◽  
Rakesh Sharma ◽  
Prashant S. Phale
Keyword(s):  
Draft Genome ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Extradiol Dioxygenase ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
New Family ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Soil Isolate ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) is a most widely used carbamate pesticide in the agriculture field. Soil isolate, Pseudomonas sp. strain C5pp mineralizes carbaryl via 1-naphthol, salicylate and gentisate, however the genetic organization and evolutionary events of acquisition and assembly of pathway have not yet been studied. The draft genome analysis of strain C5pp reveals that the carbaryl catabolic genes are organized into three putative operons, ‘upper’, ‘middle’ and ‘lower’. The sequence and functional analysis led to identification of new genes encoding: i) hitherto unidentified 1-naphthol 2-hydroxylase, sharing a common ancestry with 2,4-dichlorophenol monooxygenase; ii) carbaryl hydrolase, a member of a new family of esterase; and iii) 1,2-dihydroxy naphthalene dioxygenase, uncharacterized type-II extradiol dioxygenase. The ‘upper’ pathway genes were present as a part of a integron while the ‘middle’ and ‘lower’ pathway genes were present as two distinct class-I composite transposons. These findings suggest the role of horizontal gene transfer event(s) in the acquisition and evolution of the carbaryl degradation pathway in strain C5pp. The study presents an example of assembly of degradation pathway for carbaryl.

Anaerobic Degradation Pathway of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) in Sulfate-Reducing Marine Sediments

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1670-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Lara-Martín ◽  
Abelardo Gómez-Parra ◽  
José Luis Sanz ◽  
Eduardo González-Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates

Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in the Middle ear and ear Canal in Acute Otitis Media

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (sup386) ◽  
pp. 100-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Luotonen ◽  
A. M. M. Jokipii ◽  
P. Sipilä ◽  
J. Väyrynen ◽  
L. Jokipii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Elucidating the Bio Degradation Pathway and Catabolic Genes of B Enzophenone-3, a Xenobiotic, in Rhodococcus Sp. S2-17

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hye Baek ◽  
Kyung Hyun Kim ◽  
Yunhee Lee ◽  
Sang Eun Jeong ◽  
Hyun Mi Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Catabolic Genes

Decontamination of the Oral Cavity. Effect of Six Local Anti-Microbial Preparations in Comparison to Water and Parafilm as Controls

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Matula ◽  
M. Hildebrandt ◽  
G. Nahler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Cavity Effect ◽  
Bacterial Effect ◽  
Observation Period

Six preparations (four liquid and two solid) were tested in a double-blind crossover design for their anti-bacterial effect on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in saliva of 12 volunteers. The four liquid preparations contained either tyrothricin, hexetidine, hydrogen peroxide or ethanol and were tested against a rinse with water as control. The two solid preparations, in the form of lozenges, contained tyrothricin in doses of 4 or 10 mg and were tested against parafilm. A single rinse with either tyrothricin or hexetidine resulted in a significant reduction of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in saliva which lasted for the whole 1h observation period and was considerably more effective than hydrogen peroxide or ethanol. Similar results were seen with the solid preparations. The lozenge containing 10 mg tyrothricin was the most effective and was the only formulation capable of reducing oral aerobic bacterial counts by a factor of approximately 100.

scholarly journals Novel Pathway for the Degradation of 2-Chloro-4-Nitrobenzoic Acid by Acinetobacter sp. Strain RKJ12

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 6606-6613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhan Prakash ◽  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
R. K. Jain ◽  
B. N. Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Muconic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Catechol 1,2 Dioxygenase

ABSTRACTThe organismAcinetobactersp. RKJ12 is capable of utilizing 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (2C4NBA) as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. In the degradation of 2C4NBA by strain RKJ12, various metabolites were isolated and identified by a combination of chromatographic, spectroscopic, and enzymatic activities, revealing a novel assimilation pathway involving both oxidative and reductive catabolic mechanisms. The metabolism of 2C4NBA was initiated by oxidativeorthodehalogenation, leading to the formation of 2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid (2H4NBA), which subsequently was metabolized into 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4-DHBA) by a mono-oxygenase with the concomitant release of chloride and nitrite ions. Stoichiometric analysis indicated the consumption of 1 mol O2per conversion of 2C4NBA to 2,4-DHBA, ruling out the possibility of two oxidative reactions. Experiments with labeled H218O and18O2indicated the involvement of mono-oxygenase-catalyzed initial hydrolytic dechlorination and oxidative denitration mechanisms. The further degradation of 2,4-DHBA then proceeds via reductive dehydroxylation involving the formation of salicylic acid. In the lower pathway, the organism transformed salicylic acid into catechol, which was mineralized by theorthoring cleavage catechol-1,2-dioxygenase tocis, cis-muconic acid, ultimately forming tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Furthermore, the studies carried out on a 2C4NBA−derivative and a 2C4NBA+transconjugant demonstrated that the catabolic genes for the 2C4NBA degradation pathway possibly reside on the ∼55-kb transmissible plasmid present in RKJ12.

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