scholarly journals Transcriptome-Based WGCNA Analysis Reveals Regulated Metabolite Fluxes between Floral Color and Scent in Narcissus Tazetta Flower

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8249
Author(s):  
Jingwen Yang ◽  
Yujun Ren ◽  
Deyu Zhang ◽  
Xuewei Chen ◽  
Jiazhi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Narcissus Tazetta ◽  
Floral Color ◽  
Different Tissues

A link between the scent and color of Narcissus tazetta flowers can be anticipated due to their biochemical origin, as well as their similar biological role. Despite the obvious aesthetic and ecological significance of these colorful and fragrant components of the flowers and the molecular profiles of their pigments, fragrant formation has addressed in some cases. However, the regulatory mechanism of the correlation of fragrant components and color patterns is less clear. We simultaneously used one way to address how floral color and fragrant formation in different tissues are generated during the development of an individual plant by transcriptome-based weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A spatiotemporal pattern variation of flavonols/carotenoids/chlorophyll pigmentation and benzenoid/phenylpropanoid/ monoterpene fragrant components between the tepal and corona in the flower tissues of Narcissus tazetta, was exhibited. Several candidate transcription factors: MYB12, MYB1, AP2-ERF, bZIP, NAC, MYB, C2C2, C2H2 and GRAS are shown to be associated with metabolite flux, the phenylpropanoid pathway to the production of flavonols/anthocyanin, as well as related to one branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway to the benzenoid/phenylpropanoid component in the tepal and the metabolite flux between the monoterpene and carotenoids biosynthesis pathway in coronas. It indicates that potential competition exists between floral pigment and floral fragrance during Narcissus tazetta individual plant development and evolutionary development.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-wide Identification and Quantification of Caffeoylquinic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway and Prediction of their Putative BAHDs Gene Complex in A. spathulifolius

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeonJoo Park ◽  
Jean Claude Sivagami ◽  
Sunmi Park
Keyword(s):  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
By Products

The phenylpropanoid pathway is a major secondary metabolite pathway that helps plants overcome biotic and abiotic stress and produces various by-products that promote human health. Its byproduct, chloroquinic acid (CQA), is a soluble phenolic compound present in many angiosperms. Hy-droxycinnamate-CoA shikimate/quinate transferase(BAHDs superfamily enzyme) is a significant en-zyme that plays a role in accumulating CQA biosynthesis. This study analyzed transcriptome-wide identification of the phenylpropanoid to chloroquinic acid biosynthesis candidate genes in A. spathulifolius flowers and leaves. Transcriptomic analyses of the flowers and leaves showed a differential expression of the PPP and CQA biosynthesis regulated unigenes. An analysis of PPP captive unigenes revealed the following: the major duplication of the key enzyme, PAL, 120 unigenes in leaves and 76 in flowers; the gene encoding C3’H, 169 unigenes in leaves and 140 unigenes in flowers; duplicated unigenes of 4CL, 41 in leaves and 27 in flowers. In addition, C4H unigenes had 12 unigenes in the leaves of A. spathulifolius and four in the flowers. The characterization of the BAHDs superfamily members identified 82 in leaves and 72 in flowers. Among them, phylogenetic analysis showed that five unigenes encoded HQT and three en-coded HCT in A. spathulifolius. The three HQT are common to both leaves and flowers, whereas the two HQT were specialized for leaves. The pattern of HQT synthesis was upregulated in flowers, whereas HCT was expressed strongly in the leaves of A. spathulifolius. Overall, 4CL, C4H, and HQT are expressed strongly in flowers, and caffeic acid and HCT show more expression in leaves. Therefore, CQA biosynthesis occurs in the flowers of A. spathulifolius rather than leaves.

scholarly journals Strigolactone Signaling Genes Showing Differential Expression Patterns in Arabidopsis max Mutants

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Kumar ◽  
Inyoung Kim ◽  
Yeon-Ki Kim ◽  
Jae Bok Heo ◽  
Mi Chung Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Shoot Branching ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway

Strigolactone (SL) is a recently discovered class of phytohormone that inhibits shoot branching. The molecular mechanism underlying SL biosynthesis, perception, and signal transduction is vital to the plant branching phenotype. Some aspects of their biosynthesis, perception, and signaling include the role of four MORE AXILLARY GROWTH genes, MAX3, MAX4, MAX1, and MAX2. It is important to identify downstream genes that are involved in SL signaling. To achieve this, we studied the genomic aspects of the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway using microarray analysis of four max mutants. We identified SL signaling candidate genes that showed differential expression patterns in max mutants. More specifically, 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 4 (ACC4) and PROTEIN KINASE 3 (PKS3) displayed contrasting expression patterns, indicating a regulatory mechanism in SL signaling pathway to control different phenotypes apart from branching phenotype.

scholarly journals 2-Deoxy-D-glucose Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis of Rats and Is Accompanied by Metabolic Regulation of the Spleen and Liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxing Wang ◽  
Nanyang Zhang ◽  
Kehua Fang ◽  
Xiaotian Chang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Linoleic Acid Metabolism

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is significantly associated with glycolysis. This study used 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, to treat rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and investigate the metabolic regulatory mechanism of glycolysis in the disease. 2-DG significantly alleviated CIA. Metabolomics and transcriptomics, as well as their integrative analysis, detected significant changes in the pathways of bile secretion, cholesterol and linoleic acid metabolism in the plasma, liver and spleen during the CIA process and the opposite changes following 2-DG treatment, whereas the expression of the genes regulating these metabolic pathways were changed only in the spleen. In the rat liver, levels of (S)-5-diphosphomevalonic acid in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway were significantly decreased during CIA progression and increased following 2-DG treatment, and levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid in the pentose and glucuronate interconversions pathway showed the opposite results. In the spleen, levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol glucuronide in bile secretion and 12(S)-leukotriene B4 in arachidonic acid metabolism were significantly decreased during CIA progression and increased following 2-DG treatment. The changes in the gene-metabolite network of bile secretion in the spleen correlated with a decreased plasma L-acetylcarnitine level in CIA rats and an increase following 2-DG treatment. Our analysis suggests the involvement of spleen and liver metabolism in CIA under the control of glycolysis.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and analysis of WRKY gene family in jute(Corchorus capsularis)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilan Zhang ◽  
Xuebei Wan ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Sylvain Niyitanga ◽  
Jianmin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
Conserved Domain ◽  
Different Tissues ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis Pathway

Abstract Background WRKY transcription factor is a kind of transcription factor which plays an important role in plant response to biotic, abiotic stress, plant growth and development. However, little information was available about the WRKY genes in jute ( Corchorus capsularis ).Results In the present study, 43 jute WRKY (CcWRKY) genes were identified by using Pfam database domain search and BLAST homology alignment based on the transcriptome data of jute. And the gene structure, phylogeny, conserved domain and three-dimensional structure of protein were also analyzed by GSDS2.0, MEGA7.0, DNAMAN5.0, WebLogo 3 and SWISS-MODEL bioinformatics tools. According to the WRKY conserved domain features and the evolution analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana , 43 members were divided into three classes: I, II and III containing 9, 28, 6 members, respectively. According to the evolutionary relationship, class II further divided into five subclasses: II-a (2), II-b (7), II-c (7), II-d (6) and II-e (6). Genetic structure analysis showed that exon and intron number of CcWRKY genes had high variability (3-11 exons), even within the same subgroup. Most of the CcWRKY genes were expressed in different tissues, but they were mainly expressed in stem bark and stem stick. After GA 3 stress, the expression of most WRKY genes in GA 3 -sensitive variety "Aidianyehuangma" was significantly different from that of normal variety "Huangma 179". These results indicated that CcWRKY genes play an important role in gibberellin biosynthesis pathway and fiber development.Conclusions CcWRKY proteins are highly conserved, the length of the gene sequence and the number of introns varied widely, all WRKY genes showed a variety of expression patterns in different tissues, most of the WRKY genes responded to GA 3 stress, which play an important role in gibberellin biosynthesis pathway and bast fiber development.

POLLINATION ECOLOGY AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FLORAL COLOR CHANGE IN LUPINUS PILOSOS L. (FABACEAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidi Ne'eman ◽  
Rakefet Nesher
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Change Mechanism ◽  
White Phase ◽  
Floral Color ◽  
Lupinus Pilosus

Floral color change was studied inLupinus pilosusL. to elucidate its ecological significance for both the plant and the pollinators. It was found that the change in the banner spot from white to purple was enhanced by artificial pollination. White phase flowers offered more pollen as reward to foraging pollinators than did purple phase flowers. The changes in color and reward were recognized by the pollinators and affected their foraging behavior. Pollinators preferred pre-change flowers and avoided post-change ones, thus increasing the chance that white phase flowers would be pollinated. It is suggested that the increase in outcrossing rate caused by pollinator activity could be the advantage and the driving force for the evolution of the color change mechanism inL. pilosus.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Influences of Overexpression of a MYB Transcriptor Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis on Transcriptome and Metabolome of Tobacco Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zong ◽  
Shiming Li ◽  
Xinyuan Xi ◽  
Dong Cao ◽  
Zhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Overexpression of R2R3-MYB transcriptor can induce up-expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes, and improve the anthocyanin content in plant tissues, but it is not clear whether the MYB transcription factor overexpression does effect on other genes transcript and chemical compounds accumulation. In this manuscript, RNA-sequencing and the stepwise multiple ion monitoring-enhanced product ions (stepwise MIM-EPI) strategy were employed to evaluate the comprehensive effect of the MYB transcription factor LrAN2 in tobacco. Overexpression of LrAN2 could promote anthocyanin accumulation in a lot of tissues of tobacco cultivar Samsun. Only 185 unigenes express differently in a total of 160,965 unigenes in leaves, and 224 chemical compounds were differently accumulated. Three anthocyanins, apigeninidin chloride, pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside and cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, were detected only in transgenic lines, which could explain the phenotype of purple leaves. Except for anthocyanins, the phenylpropanoid, polyphenol (catechin), flavonoid, flavone and flavonol, belong to the same subgroups of flavonoids biosynthesis pathway with anthocyanin and were also up-accumulated. Overexpression of LrAN2 activated the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix protein) transcription factor AN1b, relative to anthocyanin biosynthesis and the MYB transcription factor MYB3, relative to proanthocyanin biosynthesis. Then, the structural genes, relative to the phenylpropanoid pathway, were activated, which led to the up-accumulation of phenylpropanoid, polyphenol (catechin), flavonoid, flavone, flavonol and anthocyanin. The MYB transcription factor CPC, negative to anthocyanin biosynthesis, also induced up-expression in transgenic lines, which implied that a negative regulation mechanism existed in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The relative contents of all 19 differently accumulated amino and derivers were decreased in transgenic lines, which meant the phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway completed the same substrates with other amino acids. Interestingly, the acetylalkylglycerol acetylhydrolase was down-expressed in transgenic lines, which caused 19 lyso-phosphatidylcholine and derivatives of lipids to be up-accumulated, and 8 octodecane and derivatives were down-accumulated. This research will give more information about the function of MYB transcription factors on the anthocyanin biosynthesis and other chemical compounds and be of benefit to obtaining new plant cultivars with high anthocyanin content by biotechnology.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific transcriptome analyses reveal candidate genes for stilbene, flavonoid and anthraquinone biosynthesis in the medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Hongyan Hu ◽  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Haili Fan ◽  
Guowei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Polygonum Cuspidatum ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract Background Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. is a well-known medicinal plant whose pharmacological effects derive mainly from its stilbenes, anthraquinones, and flavonoids. These compounds accumulate differentially in the root, stem, and leaf; however, the molecular basis of such tissue-specific accumulation remains poorly understood. Because tissue-specific accumulation of compounds is usually associated with tissue-specific expression of the related biosynthetic enzyme genes and regulators, we aimed to clarify and compare the transcripts expressed in different tissues of P. cuspidatum in this study. Results High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed using three different tissues (the leaf, stem, and root) of P. cuspidatum. In total, 80,981 unigenes were obtained, of which 40,729 were annotated, and 21,235 differentially expressed genes were identified. Fifty-four candidate synthetase genes and 12 transcription factors associated with stilbene, flavonoid, and anthraquinone biosynthetic pathways were identified, and their expression levels in the three different tissues were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of polyketide synthase gene families revealed two novel CHS genes in P. cuspidatum. Most phenylpropanoid pathway genes were predominantly expressed in the root and stem, while methylerythritol 4-phosphate and isochorismate pathways for anthraquinone biosynthesis were dominant in the leaf. The expression patterns of synthase genes were almost in accordance with metabolite profiling in different tissues of P. cuspidatum as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography or ultraviolet spectrophotometry. All predicted transcription factors associated with regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway were expressed at lower levels in the stem than in the leaf and root, but no consistent trend in their expression was observed between the leaf and the root. Conclusions The molecular knowledge of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of P. cuspidatum stilbenes, flavonoids, and anthraquinones is poor. This study offers some novel insights into the biosynthetic regulation of bioactive compounds in different P. cuspidatum tissues and provides valuable resources for the potential metabolic engineering of this important medicinal plant.

Partial predispersal seed predation in Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Ollerton ◽  
Andrew Lack
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Seed Predation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Plant Population Dynamics ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Predator ◽  
Predispersal Seed Predation

AbstractPredispersal seed predation may have implications for plant population dynamics and the evolution of plant traits, but assessing the level of seed predation for an individual plant is not always straightforward. Seeds of Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) are often only partially eaten by a weevil seed predator, Apion loti. Samples of these seeds were tested for viability and subsequent seedling vigour. A large proportion of these damaged seeds were viable, and the resulting seedlings almost as vigorous as those from undamaged seeds. The ubiquity of these findings, and their ecological significance, is discussed.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and analysis of WRKY gene family in jute (Corchorus capsularis)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilan Zhang ◽  
Xuebei Wan ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Sylvain Niyitanga ◽  
Jianmin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
Conserved Domain ◽  
Different Tissues ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis Pathway

Abstract Background WRKY transcription factor is a kind of transcription factor which plays an important role in plant response to biotic, abiotic stress, plant growth and development. However, little information was available about the WRKY genes in jute ( Corchorus capsularis ).Results In the present study, 43 jute WRKY (CcWRKY) genes were identified by using Pfam database domain search and BLAST homology alignment based on the transcriptome data of jute. And the gene structure, phylogeny, conserved domain and three-dimensional structure of protein were also analyzed by GSDS2.0, MEGA7.0, DNAMAN5.0, WebLogo 3 and SWISS-MODEL bioinformatics tools. According to the WRKY conserved domain features and the evolution analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana , 43 members were divided into three classes: I, II and III containing 9, 28, 6 members, respectively. According to the evolutionary relationship, class II further divided into five subclasses: II-a (2), II-b (7), II-c (7), II-d (6) and II-e (6). Genetic structure analysis showed that exon and intron number of CcWRKY genes had high variability (3-11 exons), even within the same subgroup. Most of the CcWRKY genes were expressed in different tissues, but they were mainly expressed in stem bark and stem stick. After GA 3 stress, the expression of most WRKY genes in GA 3 -sensitive variety "Aidianyehuangma" was significantly different from that of normal variety "Huangma 179". These results indicated that CcWRKY genes play an important role in gibberellin biosynthesis pathway and fiber development.Conclusions CcWRKY proteins are highly conserved, the length of the gene sequence and the number of introns varied widely, all WRKY genes showed a variety of expression patterns in different tissues, most of the WRKY genes responded to GA 3 stress, which play an important role in gibberellin biosynthesis pathway and bast fiber development.

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