scholarly journals The pH-Dependent Controlled Release of Encapsulated Vitamin B1 from Liposomal Nanocarrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9851
Author(s):  
Ádám Juhász ◽  
Ditta Ungor ◽  
Egon Z. Várkonyi ◽  
Norbert Varga ◽  
Edit Csapó
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Nonlinear Fitting

In this work, we firstly presented a simple encapsulation method to prepare thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1)-loaded asolectin-based liposomes with average hydrodynamic diameter of ca. 225 and 245 nm under physiological and acidic conditions, respectively. In addition to the optimization of the sonication and magnetic stirring times used for size regulation, the effect of the concentrations of both asolectin carrier and initial vitamin B1 on the entrapment efficiency (EE %) was also investigated. Thermoanalytical measurements clearly demonstrated that after the successful encapsulation, only weak interactions were discovered between the carriers and the drug molecules. Moreover, the dissolution profiles under physiological (pH = 7.40) and gastric conditions (pH = 1.50) were also registered and the release profiles of our liposomal B1 system were compared with the dissolution profile of the pure drug solution and a manufactured tablet containing thiamin hydrochloride as active ingredient. The release curves were evaluated by nonlinear fitting of six different kinetic models. The best goodness of fit, where the correlation coefficients in the case of all three systems were larger than 0.98, was reached by application of the well-known second-order kinetic model. Based on the evaluation, it was estimated that our liposomal nanocarrier system shows 4.5-fold and 1.5-fold larger drug retention compared to the unpackaged vitamin B1 under physiological conditions and in artificial gastric juice, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vitamin B1, B2 and B6 Tablets in Bangladesh by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Nilufar Nahar ◽  
Abida Sultana ◽  
Md. Sharear Saon ◽  
Mohammad Shoeb
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Concentration Levels

Thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) were assayed in pharmaceutical dosages form. Thiamine hydrochloride of 100 mg dose of six different companies, riboflavin of 5 mg dose of five different companies and pyridoxine hydrochloride 20 and 25 mg dosages of two different companies of Bangladesh were extracted from the tablets, cleaned up and their active ingredients were evaluated by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 432, 445 and 292 nm, respectively. Evaluation was carried out with respect to calibration curves of their standard reference samples. Amount of thiamine hydrochloride in 100 mg tablets of six different companies were found to be in the range of 37.62±1.11 mg to 79.03±0.42 mg. For riboflavin in 5 mg tablets of five different companies, active ingredient was found in the range of 6.78±0.19 mg to 8.23±0.15 mg. In case of pyridoxine hydrochloride tablets, it was found that 20 mg tablet of one company contained 21.75±0.41 mg and 25 mg tablet of another company contained 29.72±0.59 mg of active ingredient. Recovery experiments were done by spiking excipients of the respective medicines at three different concentration levels with 5 replicate studies. Correlation coefficients (r2) were found to be 0.99 for three vitamins and recoveries were 82.26± 0.10,99.61± 0.06 and 109.91±0.12 for thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) respectively.

Surface interaction of sweet potato peels (Ipomoea batata) with Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in aqueous medium

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Dissociative Mechanism ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Potato Peels

The removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous medium was studied using potato peels biomass. The adsorption process was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Vibrational band of the potato peels was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption process was carried out with respect to concentration, time, pH, particle size and the thermodynamic evaluation of the process was carried at temperatures of 30, 40, 50 and 60(0C), respectively. The FTIR studies revealed that the potato peels was composed of –OH, -NH, –C=N, –C=C and –C-O-C functional groups. The optimum removal was obtained at pH 8 and contact time of 20 min. The adsorption process followed Freundlich adsorption and pseudo second-order kinetic models with correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.900. The equilibrium adsorption capacity showed that Pb(II) ion was more adsorbed on the surface of the potato peels biomass versus Cd (II) ion (200.91 mg/g > 125.00 mg/g). The thermodynamic studies indicated endothermic, dissociative mechanism and spontaneous adsorption process. This study shows that sweet potato peels is useful as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous medium.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THIAMINE HCL (VITAMIN B1) AND PYRIDOXINE HCL (VITAMIN B6) CONTENT IN TABLET BY FTIR

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Nugrahani ◽  
Citra Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Quantitation Limit ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Tablet Dosage

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The combination of thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) with pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) has been efficacious to help the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) is a technique widely used in compound identification and determination of functional groups but rarely used for the quantitative purposes. This study aims to obtain a analysis determination method of this vitamin combination simultaneously in tablet dosage form using FTIR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Amount of vitamin B1 and B6 standard were mixed with KBr crystal in a series of concentration (% w/w) in kalium bromide (kbr) crystal, then measured with FTIR. These spectrums yielded were transformed into an absorbance afterward changed to its derivative. The finest spectrum, which showed the best specificity and linearity, was selected and its area under the curve was calculated. The other validation parameters: accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, and ranges, next were tested and determined. The validated method than was used to analyze the levels of vitamin B1 and B6 simultaneously in the tablets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vitamin B1 and B6 have the linear concentration range from 0.5 to 3.00% w/w. The regression equation for vitamin B1 is y = 0.0608 x-0.0176 with r = 0.9997 and Vx0 = 1.5047%, for vitamin B6: y = 0.0977 x+0.0079 r = 0.9995 and Vx0 = 1.7832%. Recovery results of vitamin B1: 98.98 to 100.93%, while B6: 99.06 to 100.43%. Intra-day and inter-day precision for vitamin B1: 1.73; 1.62; 1.48, and 0.58%, meanwhile for vitamin B6: 1.29; 1.60; 1.78, and 1.39%. The limits of detection and quantitation for vitamin B12 was 0.079 and 0.263% w/w respectively, and for vitamin B6, was: 0.093 and 0.311% w/w. The tablets from the market were tested showed the results that meet with compendia requirements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FTIR can be used for the determination of levels of vitamin B1 and B6 simultaneously in tablet dosage form and have met the validation requirements.</p>

Kinetics of lead ion biosorption from aqueous solution onto lyophilized Aspergillus niveus

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Karaca ◽  
Turgay Tay ◽  
Merih Kıvanç
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Lead Ion ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Aspergillus Niveus ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The biosorption of lead ions (Pb2+) onto lyophilized fungus Aspergillus niveus was investigated in aqueous solutions in a batch system with respect to pH, contact time and initial concentration of the ions at 30 °C. The maximum adsorption capacity of lyophilized A. niveus was found to be 92.6 mg g−1 at pH 5.1 and the biosorption equilibrium was established about in 30 min. The adsorption capacity obtained is one of the highest value among those reported in the literature. The kinetic data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic, and intraparticle diffusion equations. Kinetic parameters, such as rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities, and related correlation coefficients for the kinetic models were calculated and discussed. It was found that the adsorption of lead ions onto lyophilized A. niveus biomass fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm parameters for the lead ion adsorption were applied and the Langmuir model agreed better with the adsorption of lead ions onto lyophilized A. niveus.

scholarly journals KINETICS OF OZONE REACTIONS WITH ADENINE AND CYTOSINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Aigul A. Maksyutova ◽  
Elvina R. Khaynasova ◽  
Yuriy S. Zimin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Ozone Reactivity ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ozone Reactions

The ultraviolet spectroscopy method has been applied to study the kinetics of the ozone reactions with nitrogenous bases (NB), namely adenine and cytosine in aqueous solutions. At the first research stage, the range of NB working concentrations has been determined. It was found that linear dependences between optical densities and concentrations of nitrogenous bases aqueous solutions are quite reliable, with correlation coefficients r ≥ 0.998, are satisfied up to [NB] = 2.3 ∙ 10–4 mol/l. According to the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law, adenine and cytosine extinction coefficients in aqueous solutions were determined and subsequently used to calculate their residual concentrations. At the next stage, the kinetics of nitrogenous bases ozonized oxidation was studied with equal initial concentrations of the starting substances ([NB]0 = [О3]0). The results revealed that the kinetic consumption curves of the starting reagents are fairly well linearized (r ≥ 0.996) in the second-order reaction equation coordinates. As found with the bubbling installation, 1 mol of the absorbed ozone falls on 1 mol of the used NB. Thus, the reactions of ozone with adenine and cytosine explicitly proceed according to the second-order kinetic laws (the first – according to О3 and the first – according to NB). The rate constants were calculated by the integral reaction equations, the values of which indicate a higher ozone reactivity in relation to nitrogen bases. The temperature dependences of the second-order rate constants was studied ranging 285-309 K, and the activation parameters (pre-exponential factors and activation energies) of the ozone reactions with adenine and cytosine in aqueous solutions were determined.

scholarly journals Description of a formaldehyde retrieval algorithm for the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3551-3571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Ahn Kwon ◽  
Rokjin J. Park ◽  
Gonzalo González Abad ◽  
Kelly Chance ◽  
Thomas P. Kurosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Nonlinear Fitting ◽  
Regression Slopes

Abstract. We describe a formaldehyde (HCHO) retrieval algorithm for the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) that will be launched by the Korean Ministry of Environment in 2019. The algorithm comprises three steps: preprocesses, radiance fitting, and postprocesses. The preprocesses include a wavelength calibration, as well as interpolation and convolution of absorption cross sections; radiance fitting is conducted using a nonlinear fitting method referred to as basic optical absorption spectroscopy (BOAS); and postprocesses include air mass factor calculations and bias corrections. In this study, several sensitivity tests are conducted to examine the retrieval uncertainties using the GEMS HCHO algorithm. We evaluate the algorithm with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Level 1B irradiance/radiance data by comparing our retrieved HCHO column densities with OMI HCHO products of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (OMHCHO) and of the Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables project (OMI QA4ECV). Results show that OMI HCHO slant columns retrieved using the GEMS algorithm are in good agreement with OMHCHO, with correlation coefficients of 0.77–0.91 and regression slopes of 0.94–1.04 for March, June, September, and December 2005. Spatial distributions of HCHO slant columns from the GEMS algorithm are consistent with the OMI QA4ECV products, but relatively poorer correlation coefficients of 0.52–0.76 are found compared to those against the OMHCHO products. Also, we compare the satellite results with ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations. OMI GEMS HCHO vertical columns are 9 %–25 % lower than those of MAX-DOAS at Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP) in France, Bremen in Germany, and Xianghe in China. We find that the OMI GEMS retrievals have less bias than the OMHCHO and OMI QA4ECV products at OHP and Bremen in comparison with MAX-DOAS.

scholarly journals Liposomes Composed by Membrane Lipid Extracts from Macrophage Cell Line as a Delivery of the Trypanocidal N,N’-Squaramide 17 towards Trypanosoma cruzi

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5505
Author(s):  
Christian Rafael Quijia ◽  
Cínthia Caetano Bonatto ◽  
Luciano Paulino Silva ◽  
Milene Aparecida Andrade ◽  
Clenia Santos Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Chagas is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and affects about 25 million people worldwide. N, N’-Squaramide 17 (S) is a trypanocidal compound with relevant in vivo effectiveness. Here, we produced, characterized, and evaluated cytotoxic and trypanocidal effects of macrophage-mimetic liposomes from lipids extracted of RAW 264.7 cells to release S. As results, the average hydrodynamic diameter and Zeta potential of mimetic lipid membranes containing S (MLS) was 196.5 ± 11 nm and −61.43 ± 2.3 mV, respectively. Drug entrapment efficiency was 73.35% ± 2.05%. After a 72 h treatment, MLS was observed to be active against epimastigotes in vitro (IC50 = 15.85 ± 4.82 μM) and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 = 24.92 ± 4.80 μM). Also, it induced low cytotoxicity with CC50 of 1199.50 ± 1.22 μM towards VERO cells and of 1973.97 ± 5.98 μM in RAW 264.7. MLS also induced fissures in parasite membrane with a diameter of approximately 200 nm in epimastigotes. MLS showed low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells and high trypanocidal activity revealing this nanostructure a promising candidate for the development of Chagas disease treatment.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND DISSOLUTION PROFILE STUDY OF TRANSFERSOME-LOADED MICROSPHERES FROM GREEN TEA LEAF EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effionora Anwar ◽  
Putri Amalia Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Tea Leaf ◽  
Profile Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare transfersome-loaded microspheres which had good characteristics and physicochemical stability toincrease bioavailability of the polyphenol component of green tea leaf extract in the body.Methods: Transfersomes were prepared using a thin-layer hydration method. Green tea leaf extract transfersomes were formulated in the ratio of95:5, 90:10, and 85:15 based on their phospholipid and Span 80 content.Results: The most successful formula produced transfersomes of a spherical shape, 78.75 nm in size with a polydispersity index of 0.187, zetapotential of −37.5 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 47.96±5.81%. Subsequently, the transfersome was loaded into a microsphere using the spray-drymethod. The microspheres had a non-spherical, wrinkled shape, their size was 2058.44 nm, their polydispersity index was 0.545, their entrapmentefficiency was 59.27±0.59%, their moisture content was 5.21%, and their swelling index was 289.36% after 4 h. The total cumulative amount ofEpigallocatechin-3-gallate after a dissolution test was 69.15±7.66%.Conclusion: The physicochemical stability of transfersome-loaded microspheres was not significantly different from that of transfersome powder.

scholarly journals Adsorption removal of Cr(VI) by isomeric FeOOH

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Jiaxin Liu ◽  
Shibei Zhu ◽  
Huixin Xiong ◽  
Yiqun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Adsorption Removal ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Theoretical Evidence

Abstract The aim of this work is to study the performances of isomeric α-, β-, and γ-FeOOH (goethite, akaganéite and lepidocrocite, including five samples named as Gth1 and Gth2, Aka1 and Aka2, and Lep, respectively) for removing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption mechanisms were explored by kinetic and isothermal experiments. Adsorption efficiencies under the different pH values, anions, and the levels of adsorbate and adsorbent were also measured. Results showed that the Cr(VI) adsorption by isomeric FeOOH could be best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The processes of Cr(VI) isothermal adsorption could be greatly fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations with the high correlation coefficients of R2 (&gt;0.92). Also, there were the optimum pH values of 3.0–8.0 for FeOOH to adsorb Cr(VI), and their adsorption capacities were tightly related with the active sites of adsorbents. Cr(VI) adsorptions by these adsorbents were easily influenced by H2PO4–, and then SO42–, while there were little effects by Cl–, CO32– and NO3–. These obtained results could provide a potentially theoretical evidence for isomeric FeOOH materials applied in the engineering treatment of the polluted chromate-rich waters.

scholarly journals ENHANCED ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF TENOFOVIR FROM IONOTROPICALLY GELLED MICROBEADS

2019 ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
DHANDAPANI NAGASAMY VENKATESH ◽  
PREETY RAO ◽  
RAMAN RAJESHKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Drug Entrapment Efficiency

Objective: The main objective of the present investigation was to develop microbeads of tenofovir. Tenofovir, a BCS class III drug has a poor bioavailability of 25%, and it is administered 300 mg once a day. By incorporating the drug into a microparticulate carrier, it is expected that the dissolution profile and the oral bioavailability may be increased. Methods: Reinforced gellan-chitosan and calcium chloride beads of tenofovir were prepared by ionotropic gelation method employing various different concentrations of gellan, chitosan, calcium chloride and tenofovir. The beads were evaluated for various physico-chemical parameters such as particle size determination, drug entrapment efficiency, swelling studies, infra red spectroscopy study, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, in vitro drug release study, cytotoxicity study and in vivo oral bioavailability studies. Results: From the results, it can be concluded that the formulation TB-III exhibited higher drug entrapment efficiency (46.09±0.21), a higher swelling index, sustained drug release for a period of 24 h. The pharmacokinetic profile of the drug from microbeads exhibited an increased oral bioavailability (1.25 times higher than that of pure drug), decreased elimination rate (1.32 times lesser for drug in microbeads) with prolonged elimination half-life (1.32 times higher than pure tenofovir). Conclusion: Tenofovir loaded microbeads demonstrated as a better delivery system for the modified release of drug and also to navigate the drawbacks associated with the conventional therapy.

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