scholarly journals Selenium-Containing Exopolysaccharides Isolated from the Culture Medium of Lentinula edodes: Structure and Biological Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13039
Author(s):  
Sandra Górska-Jakubowska ◽  
Marzenna Klimaszewska ◽  
Piotr Podsadni ◽  
Beata Kaleta ◽  
Radosław Zagożdżon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation

In continuation of our research on the influence of selenium incorporation on the biosynthesis, structure, and immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides of fungal origin, we have isolated from a post-culture medium of Lentinula edodes a selenium (Se)-containing exopolysaccharide fraction composed mainly of a highly branched 1-6-α-mannoprotein of molecular weight 4.5 × 106 Da, with 15% protein component. The structure of this fraction resembled mannoproteins isolated from yeast and other mushroom cultures, but it was characterized by a significantly higher molecular weight. X-ray absorption fine structure spectral analysis in the near edge region (XANES) suggested that selenium in the Se-exopolysaccharide structure was present mainly at the IV oxidation state. The simulation analysis in the EXAFS region suggested the presence of two oxygen atoms in the region surrounding the selenium. On the grounds of our previous studies, we hypothesized that selenium-enriched exopolysaccharides would possess higher biological activity than the non-Se-enriched reference fraction. To perform structure–activity studies, we conducted the same tests of biological activity as for previously obtained mycelial Se-polyglucans. The Se-enriched exopolysaccharide fraction significantly enhanced cell viability when incubated with normal (human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)) cells (but this effect was absent for malignant human cervical HeLa cells) and this fraction also protected the cells from oxidative stress conditions. The results of tests on the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggested a selective immunosuppressive activity, like previously tested Se-polyglucans isolated from L. edodes mycelium. The Se-exopolysaccharide fraction, in concentrations of 10–100 µg/mL, inhibited human T lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogens, without significant effects on B lymphocytes. As with previously obtained Se-polyglucans, in the currently tested Se-polymannans, the selenium content increased the biological activity. However, the activity of selenium exopolysaccharides in all tests was significantly lower than that of previously tested mycelial isolates, most likely due to a different mode of selenium binding and its higher degree of oxidation.

scholarly journals Selenium-Containing Exopolysaccharides Isolated from the Culture Medium of Lentinula edodes: Structure and Biological Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Górska ◽  
Marzenna Klimaszewska ◽  
Piotr Podsadni ◽  
Beata Kaleta ◽  
Radoslaw Zagozdzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation

In continuation of our research on the influence of selenium incorporation on the biosynthesis, structure, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides of fungal origin, we have isolated from a post-culture medium of Lentinula edodes a selenium (Se)-containing exopolysaccharide fraction composed mainly of a highly branched 1-6-α-mannoprotein of molecular weight 4.5x106 Da, with 15% protein component. The structure of this fraction resembled mannoproteins isolated from yeast and other mushroom cultures, but it was characterized by a significantly higher molecular weight. X-ray absorption fine structure spectral analysis in the near edge region (XANES) suggested that selenium in the Se-exopolysaccharide structure was present mainly at the IV oxidation state. The simulation analysis in the EXAFS region suggested the presence of two oxygen atoms in the region surrounding the selenium. On the grounds of our previous studies, we hypothesized that selenium-enriched exopolysaccharides would possess higher biological activity than the non-Se-enriched reference fraction. To perform structure-activity studies, we conducted the same tests of biological activity as for previously obtained mycelial Se-polyglucans. The Se-enriched exopolysaccharide fraction significantly enhanced cell viability when incubated with normal (human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVEC) cells (but this effect was absent for malignant human cervical HeLa cells) and this fraction also protected the cells from oxidative stress conditions. The results of tests on the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggested a selective immunosuppressive activity, like previously tested Se-polyglucans isolated from L. edodes mycelium. The Se-exopolysaccharide fraction, in concentrations of 10-100 µg/ml, inhibited human T lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogens, without significant effects on B lymphocytes. As with previously obtained Se-polyglucans, in the currently tested Se-polymannans the selenium content increased the biological activity. However, the activity of selenium exopolysaccharides in all tests was significantly lower than that of previously tested mycelial isolates - most likely due to a different mode of selenium binding and its higher degree of oxidation.

scholarly journals Proteome Analysis and In Vitro Antiviral, Anticancer and Antioxidant Capacities of the Aqueous Extracts of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus Edible Mushrooms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4623
Author(s):  
Shaza M. Elhusseiny ◽  
Taghrid S. El-Mahdy ◽  
Mohamed F. Awad ◽  
Nooran S. Elleboudy ◽  
Mohamed M. S. Farag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

In this study, we examined aqueous extracts of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) and Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom). Proteome analysis was conducted using LC-Triple TOF-MS and showed the expression of 753 proteins by Pleurotus ostreatus, and 432 proteins by Lentinula edodes. Bioactive peptides: Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin reductase, serine proteinase and lectin, were identified in both mushrooms. The extracts also included promising bioactive compounds including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins and amino acids. The extracts showed promising antiviral activities, with a selectivity index (SI) of 4.5 for Pleurotus ostreatus against adenovirus (Ad7), and a slight activity for Lentinula edodes against herpes simplex-II (HSV-2). The extracts were not cytotoxic to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). On the contrary, they showed moderate cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. Additionally, antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation scavenging and ORAC assays. The two extracts showed potential antioxidant activities, with the maximum activity seen for Pleurotus ostreatus (IC50 µg/mL) = 39.46 ± 1.27 for DPPH; 11.22 ± 1.81 for ABTS; and 21.40 ± 2.20 for ORAC assays. This study encourages the use of these mushrooms in medicine in the light of their low cytotoxicity on normal PBMCs vis à vis their antiviral, antitumor and antioxidant capabilities.

scholarly journals Control of hsp70 RNA levels in human lymphocytes.

1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kaczmarek ◽  
B Calabretta ◽  
H T Kao ◽  
N Heintz ◽  
J Nevins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Rna Blots

The expression of a hsp70 gene in human cells has previously been shown to be related to the growth state of the cells. As an alternative to in vitro synchronization procedures, we have measured steady-state levels of the RNA for a heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that are naturally quiescent in a G0 state. The probe used recognized, on RNA blots, one single band. The levels of this hsp70 RNA are elevated in circulating PBMC and decrease when the cells are incubated with serum, or phytohemagglutinin, or simply when they are incubated in culture medium. The levels of hsp70 RNA decrease within 30 min after in vitro culture, and are accompanied by an increase in the levels of c-fos RNA. These findings, together with other recent reports in the literature, suggest a possible role of the hsp70 proteins in the regulation of cell growth.

scholarly journals Interleukin-1 induces interleukin-8 secretion from endothelial cells by a juxtacrine mechanism

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 4242-4248 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kaplanski ◽  
C Farnarier ◽  
S Kaplanski ◽  
R Porat ◽  
L Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Facs Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Inflammation is characterized by migration of neutrophils through the endothelium, and the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) appears to be involved. We asked whether adherence of cells bearing a membrane-form of interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces IL-8 secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with endotoxin for 12 hours and then fixed for 4 hours with paraformaldehyde. When these cells were added to HUVEC or fibroblasts, IL-8 production was induced. This stimulation by fixed PBMC was attributed to IL-1, because pretreatment of HUVEC or fibroblasts with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) reduced the induction by 95% and 80%, respectively, P < .005. Using anti-IL-1 alpha monoclonal antibodies, reduction was complete, whereas anti-IL-1 beta had no effect. IL-1 alpha was shown on the surface of monocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Blockade of IL-1 receptors on PBMC did not affect the activity of membrane-associated IL- 1 alpha, indicating that IL-1 is not anchored to the membrane through its receptors. However, PBMC treated with D-mannose before fixation resulted in a loss of activity; this loss of activity was associated with release of IL-1 alpha, not IL-1 beta, into the supernatant. Thus, anchoring of IL-1 alpha to the membrane may be via a lectin or mannose receptor-like interaction. Blockade of membrane IL-1 alpha required a 30-fold and fivefold excess of IL-1Ra compared with the amount required to block soluble IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha, respectively. We conclude that the fixed PBMC IL-8 inducing activity is almost entirely caused by IL-1, that this represents IL-1 alpha bound to a surface lectin or mannose receptor on the monocyte, and that it functions in inflammation via juxtacrine interactions.

scholarly journals Bactericidal and Cytotoxic Properties of Silver Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhu Liao ◽  
Yuchao Li ◽  
Sie Tjong
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be synthesized from a variety of techniques including physical, chemical and biological routes. They have been widely used as nanomaterials for manufacturing cosmetic and healthcare products, antimicrobial textiles, wound dressings, antitumor drug carriers, etc. due to their excellent antimicrobial properties. Accordingly, AgNPs have gained access into our daily life, and the inevitable human exposure to these nanoparticles has raised concerns about their potential hazards to the environment, health, and safety in recent years. From in vitro cell cultivation tests, AgNPs have been reported to be toxic to several human cell lines including human bronchial epithelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, red blood cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, immortal human keratinocytes, liver cells, etc. AgNPs induce a dose-, size- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, particularly for those with sizes ≤10 nm. Furthermore, AgNPs can cross the brain blood barrier of mice through the circulation system on the basis of in vivo animal tests. AgNPs tend to accumulate in mice organs such as liver, spleen, kidney and brain following intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intratracheal routes of administration. In this respect, AgNPs are considered a double-edged sword that can eliminate microorganisms but induce cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. This article provides a state-of-the-art review on the synthesis of AgNPs, and their applications in antimicrobial textile fabrics, food packaging films, and wound dressings. Particular attention is paid to the bactericidal activity and cytotoxic effect in mammalian cells.

scholarly journals Selective Biological Effects of Selenium-Enriched Polysaccharide (Se-Le-30) Isolated from Lentinula edodes Mycelium on Human Immune Cells

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1777
Author(s):  
Beata Kaleta ◽  
Aleksander Roszczyk ◽  
Michał Zych ◽  
Monika Kniotek ◽  
Radosław Zagożdżon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Necrosis Factor

A common edible mushroom Lentinula edodes, is an important source of numerous biologically active substances, including polysaccharides, with immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. In the present work, the biological activity of the crude, homogenous (Se)-enriched fraction (named Se-Le-30), which has been isolated from L. edodes mycelium by a modified Chihara method towards human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and peripheral granulocytes, was investigated. The Se-Le-30 fraction, an analog of lentinan, significantly inhibited the proliferation of human PBMCs stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies or allostimulated, and down-regulated the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by CD3+ T cells. Moreover, it was found that Se-Le-30 significantly reduced the cytotoxic activity of human natural killer (NK) cells. The results suggested the selective immunosuppressive activity of this fraction, which is non-typical for mushroom derived polysaccharides.

scholarly journals Purification and partial characterization of a high hemagglutinating chitin-binding lectin from Aponogeton natans tubers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashikanth Dara ◽  
Harikrishna Naik Lavudi ◽  
Venkateswara Rao ◽  
Nanibabu Badithi ◽  
Seshagirirao Kottapalli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Single Step ◽  
List Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Binding Lectin

AbstractA novel chitin-binding lectin was isolated from the tubers of a plant Aponogeton natans from the monocot family Aponogetonaceae, designated as ANTL (Aponogeton natans tuber lectin). The lectin agglutinated both untreated and trypsin-treated rabbit erythrocytes, as well as human blood cells of groups A, B and O with different specificities. Lectin activity is inhibited by the oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine. ANTL is a dimeric glycoprotein with molecular weight of ∼66 KDa and has two identical sub-units of 33 KDa. The carbohydrate percent is 8.2% of the total lectin. The lectin was thermo stable up to 50°C with broad pH optima (pH 4–10). ANTL is found to be potent mitogen for normal murine and human lymphocytes at the concentration as low as 1 µg/ml. Cytotoxic studies of the lectin on human U 266 cell lines has revealed that there is 50% decrease in the proliferation. The confirmation of both the hemagglutination and mitogenic proliferation activity suggests that ANTL is a Chitin-binding lectin with diverse functions. The pharmacological relevance of ANTL as a potent mitogen with some cytotoxic effect in certain cell lines are reported for the first time.HighlightsA novel chitin-binding lectin was purified from the tuber extracts of Aponogeton natans (ANTL) in a single step on chitin column by affinity chromatography.ANTL is a dimeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight of ∼66 KDa with high hemagglutination activity towards rabbit erythrocytes.The cytotoxic effect of ATNL on human cell lines U266 has shown 50 % inhibition of their proliferation.ANTL displayed potent mitogenic response towards murine and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

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