Insecticidal Triterpenes in Meliaceae: Plant Species, Molecules and Activities: Part Ⅰ (Aphanamixis-Chukrasia)

Plant-originated triterpenes are important insecticidal molecules. The research on insecticidal activity of molecules from Meliaceae plants has always received attention due to the molecules from this family showing a variety of insecticidal activities with diverse mechanisms of action. In this paper, we discuss 102 triterpenoid molecules with insecticidal activity of plants of eight genera (Aglaia, Aphanamixis, Azadirachta, Cabralea, Carapa, Cedrela, Chisocheton, and Chukrasia) in Meliaceae. In total, 19 insecticidal plant species are presented. Among these species, Azadirachta indica A. Juss is the most well-known insecticidal plant and azadirachtin is the active molecule most widely recognized and highly effective botanical insecticide. However, it is noteworthy that six species from Cedrela were reported to show insecticidal activity and deserve future study. In this paper, a total of 102 insecticidal molecules are summarized, including 96 nortriterpenes, 4 tetracyclic triterpenes, and 2 pentacyclic triterpenes. Results showed antifeedant activity, growth inhibition activity, poisonous activity, or other activities. Among them, 43 molecules from 15 plant species showed antifeedant activity against 16 insect species, 49 molecules from 14 plant species exhibited poisonous activity on 10 insect species, and 19 molecules from 11 plant species possessed growth regulatory activity on 12 insect species. Among these molecules, azadirachtins were found to be the most successful botanical insecticides. Still, other molecules possessed more than one type of obvious activity, including 7-deacetylgedunin, salannin, gedunin, azadirone, salannol, azadiradione, and methyl angolensate. Most of these molecules are only in the primary stage of study activity; their mechanism of action and structure–activity relationship warrant further study.

Download Full-text

Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel 9R-Acyloxyquinine Derivatives as Insecticidal Agents

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666200120112714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 111-118

Author(s):

Zhiping Che ◽

Jinming Yang ◽

Di Sun ◽

Yuee Tian ◽

Shengming Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Double Bond ◽

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Structural Modification ◽

Combinatorial Synthesis ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Botanical Insecticide ◽

Mythimna Separata ◽

Lead Compounds

Background: It is one of the effective ways for pesticide innovation to develop new insecticides from natural products as lead compounds. Quinine, the main alkaloid in the bark of cinchona tree as well as in plants in the same genus, is recognized as a safe and potent botanical insecticide to many insects. The structural modification of quinine into 9R-acyloxyquinine derivatives is a potential approach for the development of novel insecticides, which showed more toxicity than quinine. However, there are no reports on the insecticidal activity of 9Racyloxyquinine derivatives to control Mythimna separata. Methods: Endeavor to discover biorational natural products-based insecticides, 20 novel 9Racyloxyquinine derivatives were prepared and assessed for their insecticidal activity against M. separata in vivo by the leaf-dipping method at 1 mg/mL. Results: Among all the compounds, especially derivatives 5i, 5k and 5t exhibited the best insecticidal activity with final mortality rates of 50.0%, 57.1%, and 53.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, a free 9-hydroxyl group is not a prerequisite for insecticidal activity and C9- substitution is well tolerated; modification of out-ring double-bond is acceptable, and hydrogenation of double-bond enhances insecticidal activity; Quinine ring is essential and open of it is not acceptable. These preliminary results will pave the way for further modification of quinine in the development of potential new insecticides.

Download Full-text

Synthesis, insecticidal activity, and structure–activity relationship (SAR) of anthranilic diamides analogs containing oxadiazole rings

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c3ob40345a ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 3979 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Yuhao Li ◽

Hongjun Zhu ◽

Kai Chen ◽

Rui Liu ◽

Abdalla Khallaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Structure Activity Relationship ◽

Activity Relationship ◽

Structure Activity

Download Full-text

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Insecticidal Activity of Benzyl Ether Diamidine Derivatives

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/100/1/012035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 ◽

pp. 012035

Author(s):

Mengting Zhai ◽

Yan Chen ◽

Jing Li ◽

Jun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽

Structure Activity Relationship ◽

Activity Relationship ◽

Benzyl Ether ◽

Quantitative Structure ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Relationship Of

Download Full-text

Insecticidal and Nematicidal Contributions of Mexican Flora in the Search for Safer Biopesticides

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24050897 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 897 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Beatriz Hernández-Carlos ◽

Marcela Gamboa-Angulo

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Biological Effects ◽

New Products ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Insect Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Future Studies ◽

Pest Insects

Plant metabolites have been used for many years to control pests in animals and to protect crops. Here, we reviewed the available literature, looking for the species of Mexican flora for which extracts and metabolites have shown activity against pest insects and parasitic nematodes of agricultural importance, as well as against nematodes that parasitize domestic cattle. From 1996 to 2018, the search for novel and eco-friendly biopesticides has resulted in the identification of 114 species belonging to 36 botanical families of Mexican plants with reported biological effects on 20 insect species and seven nematode species. Most plant species with detected pesticide properties belong to the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae. Eighty-six metabolites have been identified as pesticidal active principles, and most have been terpenoids. Therefore, the continuation and intensification of this area of research is very important to contribute to the generation of new products that will provide alternatives to conventional pesticide agents. In addition, future studies will contribute to the recognition and dissemination of the importance of propagating plant species for their conservation and sustainable use.

Download Full-text

Antifeedant Activity of Leaf Aqueous Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants on VI Instar Larva of Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner)

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v8i05.b01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (05) ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

G. Ravi ◽

Dr.G. Sundararajan

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Antifeedant Activity ◽

Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera

Phytochemicals, especially botanical insecticides are currently of interest because of their successful application in plant protection as biocontrol agents. Biological activity of leaf aqueous extract of ten selected medicinal plants were evaluated against the fourth-instar larvae of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (H¨ubner), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Antifeedant activity of leaf aqueous extracts of Abutilon indicum L., Achyranthus aspera L., Aerva lanata L., Albiziz amara (Roxb), Andrographis paniculata Ness., Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Cassia tora L., Catharanthus roseus L (G) Don., Datura metal L. and Tribulus terrestris L. were evaluated in this study. Preliminary screening after 24 h of exposure with leaf aqueous extracts of the selected plants at a concentration of 1,000 ppm exhibited significant larval mortality rate. The percentage mortality rate ranged considerably from 10.8 to 72.8. The mortality rate was observed in the decreasing order of A. paniculata > C. roseus > D. metal > A. amara > C. halicacabum > A. indicum > C. tora > T. terrestris > A. aspera >A. lanata against the larvae of H. armigera. The results imply that leaf aqueous extract of A. paniculata, C. roseus and D. metal can potentially be used as eco-friendly pest control agents against the larva of H. armigera.

Download Full-text

Potensi Ekstrak Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L.) sebagai Insektisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura F.)

Agrotekma Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.31289/agr.v4i1.2806 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Kartina Kartina ◽

Shulkipli Shulkipli ◽

Mardhiana Mardhiana ◽

Saat Egra

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Botanical Insecticide ◽

Melastoma Malabathricum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

<h1>Spodoptera litura F. is one of the important pests in Horticulture commodities which can cause damage 80% and up to 100%. Karamunting (Melastome malabathricum) is a wild plant that grows in Tarakan City. This plant is known to contain secondary metabolites which are thought to have the potential to control pests. This study aims to determine the potential of Karamunting extract as a botanical insecticide material to control armyworms. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 1 treatment factor, namely the concentration of Karamunting leaf extract. Potential extracts as botanical insecticides were tested by dye method using 4 concentrations, namely 0 (control); 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; and 8000 ppm. The results showed that Karamunting leaf extract was able to control armyworm pests. Giving extracts of 8000 ppm (P5) in feed caused the highest decrease in eating activity up to 41,2%, larval mortality up to 85%, and the highest mortality rate after 7 days of observation. Decreased feeding activity and larval mortality were thought to be influenced by the presence of phenol compounds, fatty acids, terpenoids, sterols and alkaloids identified in the extract. Thus, Karamunting leaf extract has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in botanical insecticides to control armyworm.<strong></strong></h1>

Download Full-text

Superhost Plants Alter the Structure of Plant–Galling Insect Networks in Neotropical Savannas

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8100369 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 369 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Araújo ◽

Moreira ◽

Falcão ◽

Borges ◽

Fagundes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Diversity ◽

Host Plants ◽

Plant Species Richness ◽

Variable Number ◽

Insect Species ◽

Species Number ◽

Neotropical Savannas ◽

Galling Insects

Host plants may harbor a variable number of galling insect species, with some species being able to harbor a high diversity of these insects, being therefore called superhost plants. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the occurrence of superhost plant species of genus Qualea (Vochysiaceae) affects the structure of plant–galling insect ecological networks in Brazilian Cerrado. We sampled a total of 1882 plants grouped in 131 species and 43 families, of which 64 species and 31 families of host plants hosted 112 galling insect species. Our results showed that occurrence of superhosts of genus Qualea increased the linkage density of plant species, number of observed interactions, and the size of plant–galling insect networks and negatively affected the network connectance (but had no effect on the residual connectance). Although the occurrence of Qualea species did not affect the plant species richness, these superhosts increased the species richness and the number of interactions of galling insects. Our study represents a step forward in relation to previous studies that investigated the effects of plant diversity on the plant–insect networks, showing that few superhost plant species alter the structure of plant–herbivore networks, even without having a significant effect on plant diversity.

Download Full-text

Synthetic and Structure-Activity Relationship of Insecticidal Bufadienolides

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900710 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ace Tatang Hidayat ◽

Achmad Zainuddin ◽

Danar Dono ◽

Wawan Hermawan ◽

Hideo Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Solution Structure ◽

Activity Relationship ◽

Synthetic Analog ◽

Basic Solution ◽

Structural Elements ◽

The Third ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Silkworm Bombyx Mori

A new synthetic analog of bufadienolide, methyl isobryophyllinate A (1), and a known synthetic analog, methyl isobersaldegenate-1,3,5-orthoacetate (2), were obtained by methanolysis of bryophyllin A (3) and bersaldegenin-1,3,5-orthoacetate (5) in basic solution. Structure-insecticidal activity relationship studies revealed both orthoacetate and α-pyrone moieties seemed to be essential structural elements for exhibiting insecticidal activity, whereas oxygenated substituents in the C ring enhanced the insecticidal activity against the third instar larvae of silkworm (Bombyx mori).

Download Full-text